Yini i-Streptokinase: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Streptokinase iyikhambi elinamandla eliqeda amahlule egazi elingasindisa impilo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Le enzyme isebenza ngokuncibilikisa amahlule egazi ayingozi avimba imithambo yakho, ibuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomzimba njengenhliziyo yakho nobuchopho. Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza lo muthi nge-IV ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho iminithi ngayinye ibalulekile.

Yini i-Streptokinase?

I-Streptokinase iyikhambi le-thrombolytic, okusho ukuthi liqeda amahlule egazi. I-enzyme ekuqaleni evela kumagciwane athile umzimba wakho ongawasebenzisa ukuncibilikisa amahlule okungafanele abe khona. Cabanga ngayo njengethuluzi elikhethekile elisiza ukususa amapayipi avaliwe ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi.

Lo muthi ungowesigaba semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-fibrinolytics noma “ama-clot busters.” Ngokungafani nama-blood thinners avimbela ukwakheka kwama-clots amasha, i-streptokinase incibilikisa ngempela amahlule akhona. Isetshenziswe emithini iminyaka eminingi futhi isize abantu abaningi ukuthi balulame ezimweni ezisongela impilo.

Umuthi uza njengempushana exutshwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kokuthi unikezwe. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bawunikeza ezindaweni zezibhedlela ezilawulwa ngokucophelela lapho bengakwazi ukukuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Isetshenziselwani i-Streptokinase?

I-Streptokinase iphatha izimo ezinzima ezibangelwa amahlule egazi avimba imithambo yegazi ebalulekile. Udokotela wakho angase ancome lo muthi uma uhlangabezana nesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha lapho ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi ngokushesha kungavimbela ukulimala unomphela ezingxenyeni zomzimba wakho.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kakhulu ukwelapha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Lapho ihlule legazi livimba umthambo onikeza umzimba wakho inhliziyo, i-streptokinase ingancibilikisa lelo hlule futhi ibuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphambi kokuthi kulimale unomphela inhliziyo.

Odokotela basebenzisa i-streptokinase nasezinhlotsheni ezithile zokushaywa unhlangothi ezibangelwa amahlule egazi emithanjeni yobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwelashwa kufanele kunikezwe ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile ukuze kuphephe futhi kusebenze.

Ezinye izimo ezingadinga i-streptokinase zihlanganisa amahlule egazi amakhulu emaphashini akho (i-pulmonary embolism) kanye nemithambo evalekile emilenzeni yakho noma ezingalweni. Abanye odokotela bayayisebenzisa futhi ukususa ama-catheter avalekile noma ama-shunt asetshenziselwa i-dialysis.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Streptokinase?

I-Streptokinase isebenza ngokwenza umzimba wakho ukwazi ukuncibilikisa amahlule. Iguqula iphrotheni egazini lakho ebizwa nge-plasminogen ibe yi-plasmin, okuyi-enzyme yomzimba wakho yokuchitha amahlule. Le nqubo isiza ukwephula imicu ye-fibrin ebamba amahlule egazi ndawonye.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengokwelashwa okuqinile, okusebenza ngokushesha okungancibilikisa amahlule emahoreni ambalwa. Ngokungafani neminye imithi emisha yokuchitha amahlule, i-streptokinase ithinta wonke umjikelezo wegazi lakho, hhayi nje indawo lapho ihlule likhona.

I-enzyme isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi isegazini lakho, ngokuvamile amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokunikezwa. Umzimba wakho kancane kancane uyawuchitha futhi uqede umuthi, futhi ikhono lakho elijwayelekile lokujiya igazi libuya phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 kuya kwangama-24.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Streptokinase?

Ngeke uthathe i-streptokinase ekhaya - lo muthi unikezwa kuphela ezibhedlela ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuthola umuthi ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV), ngokuvamile engalweni yakho, noma ngezinye izikhathi ngokuqondile emthanjeni ovalekile ngendlela yethumbu elincane elibizwa nge-catheter.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukwelashwa kuqale, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizofaka umugqa we-IV futhi lingakunika eminye imithi ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusabela komzimba. Uzodinga ukulala unganyakazi ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwelilodwa, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, abahlengikazi bazobheka izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ngokucophelela futhi baqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphuma igazi noma ukusabela komzimba okungavamile. Ngeke kudingeke ukuthi udle noma uphuze noma yini ekhethekile ngaphambi kwenqubo, kodwa isisu sakho kufanele sibe singenalutho uma kungenzeka ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga.

Umthamo oqondile nobude buxhomeke esisindweni sakho, uhlobo lwegazi eliphathwayo, kanye nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele. Udokotela wakho uzobala inani eliqondile olidingayo ngokusekelwe kulezi zici.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Streptokinase?

I-Streptokinase ivamise ukunikezwa njengeseshini eyodwa yokwelashwa, hhayi njengemithi eqhubekayo. Abantu abaningi bathola umthamo ogcwele ngemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60, kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isimo eselashwayo nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani.

Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-60. Ezinye izimo ezinjenge-pulmonary embolism, kungathatha isikhathi eside - ngezinye izikhathi kufika emahoreni angama-24 ezimweni ezinzima. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizinquma ubude obuqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala, ngeke uqhubeke nokuthatha i-streptokinase. Kodwa-ke, cishe uzoqala eminye imithi ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule amasha, njenge-aspirin noma ezinye izinciphisi zegazi. Le mithi yokulandela ngemuva isiza ukugcina izinzuzo zokwelashwa kokuchitha igazi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Streptokinase?

Njengayo yonke imithi enamandla, i-streptokinase ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuphuma igazi, ngoba imithi ithinta ikhono legazi lakho lokujiya ngokujwayelekile.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokwelashwa:

• Ukuphuma igazi ezindaweni zokujova, ukusikeka, noma amanxeba okuhlinzwa
• Ukulimala kalula kunokujwayelekile
• Isicanucanu noma ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okuncane
• Umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ikhanda
• Imisipha noma izinhlungu zamalunga

Iningi lalemiphumela lingeyesikhashana futhi liyanyamalala phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili njengoba umuthi usuka emzimbeni wakho.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, nakuba ingavamile:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu okungami
• Igazi emchameni noma endleni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu noma ukudideka
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile njengokuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, noma ukugwinya kanzima
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu obungazelelwe

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha eduze ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa ukuze libambe noma yiziphi izinkinga zisasekuqaleni. Balungiselele ukulawula le miphumela emibi uma yenzeka.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni (i-intracranial hemorrhage), okwenzeka cishe ku-0.5% weziguli. Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu nezinto ezithile nakho akuvamile kodwa kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma ngabe uthole i-streptokinase ngaphambili.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Streptokinase?

I-Streptokinase ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuncoma lokhu kwelashwa. Izimo ezithile zenza izingozi zokuphuma kwegazi zibe phezulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinzuzo ezingaba khona.

Akufanele uthole i-streptokinase uma unezimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okusebenzayo noma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva (phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4)
• Ukulimala kwekhanda kwamuva noma unhlangothi
• Izifo zokuphuma kwegazi ezaziwayo
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongathuthukisiwe
• Umlando we-brain aneurysm noma i-arteriovenous malformation

Lezi zimo zikhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho yezinkinga eziyingozi zokuphuma kwegazi ezingaba yingozi ekuphileni.

Udokotela wakho uzophinda aqaphele kakhulu mayelana nokusebenzisa i-streptokinase uma une:

• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini nge-streptokinase (kwandisa ingozi yokungezwani komzimba)
• Umkhuhlane wakamuva we-strep noma ukutheleleka
• Ukukhulelwa
• Isifo esibi sesibindi noma sezinso
• Umsebenzi wamazinyo wakamuva noma ukukhishwa kwamazinyo
• I-Diabetic retinopathy enegazi

Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angase akhethe elinye ikhambi lokuncibilikisa igazi noma indlela yokwelapha ephephe kakhulu ezimweni zakho ezithile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Streptokinase

I-Streptokinase itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, nakuba inguqulo ejwayelekile isetshenziswa kakhulu ezibhedlela. Igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu yi-Streptase, eyayingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezitholakala ngokuhweba zale mithi.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo afaka i-Kabikinase ne-Streptokinase-INN, nakuba ukutholakala kuhluka ngokuya ngezwe kanye nohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ezibhedlela eziningi, uzothola inguqulo ejwayelekile, esebenza kahle njengemikhiqizo yegama lomkhiqizo.

Umuthi uyafana kungakhathaliseki igama lomkhiqizo - konke kuqukethe i-enzyme efanayo esebenzayo encibilikisa amahlule egazi. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizosebenzisa noma iyiphi inguqulo etholakalayo esibhedlela sakho.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Streptokinase

Eminye imithi eminingi yokuncibilikisa igazi ingasebenza njengezinye izindlela ze-streptokinase, ngalinye linobuhle balo kanye nezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Udokotela wakho angase akhethe enye inketho ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

I-Alteplase (tPA) iyikhambi elisha elivame ukukhethwa ngoba izifo zokushaya unhlangothi ngoba linganikezwa ngaphakathi kwewindi elide lesikhathi futhi lingase libangele ukungezwani komzimba okuncane. Kodwa-ke, kubiza kakhulu kune-streptokinase.

I-Reteplase ne-tenecteplase zifana ne-alteplase kodwa zinganikezwa ngokushesha njengomjovo we-bolus kunokuba kube ukumnika okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungase kukhethwe ezimweni lapho isivinini sibalulekile.

Ezimweni ezithile, odokotela bangasebenzisa ukususwa kwamahlule ngomshini esikhundleni semithi. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idivayisi encane ngemithambo yakho yegazi ukuze kususwe ngokomzimba ihlule, okungasebenza kahle uma imithi ingafanele.

Ingabe i-Streptokinase ingcono kune-Alteplase?

Kokubili i-streptokinase ne-alteplase ziyimithi esebenza kahle yokuchitha amahlule, kodwa ngamunye unamandla ahlukene ngokuya ngesimo sakho. Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezintweni ezifana nesikhathi, izindleko, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwehlule olwelashwayo.

I-Streptokinase isetshenziswe isikhathi eside futhi ibiza kancane kakhulu kune-alteplase. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo uma inikezwa emahoreni ambalwa okuqala, futhi izifundo eziningi zikhombisa imiphumela efanayo nemithi emisha uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

I-Alteplase ingase ithandwe ngokuqina kwegazi ngoba inganikezwa ngaphakathi kwewindi elide lesikhathi (kufika emahoreni angu-4.5 uma kuqhathaniswa namahora angu-3 e-streptokinase) futhi ngokuvamile ibangela ukusabela okuncane komzimba. Futhi iqondiswe kakhulu ehlule, okusho ukuthi igxila kakhulu ehlule lenkinga kunokuthinta yonke indlela yakho yokujiya kwegazi.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimo zakho ezithile, okuhlanganisa ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani esidlulile kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zakho, izici zakho eziyingozi zokuphuma kwegazi, nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholile ngaphambili. Yomibili le mithi ingasindisa impilo uma isetshenziswa esimweni esifanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Streptokinase

Ingabe i-Streptokinase iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Streptokinase ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kodwa udokotela wakho uzothatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuphepha. Isifo sikashukela singakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi, ikakhulukazi uma une-diabetic retinopathy (izinkinga zamehlo) noma ukulawulwa kukashukela okungalungile.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ngokucophelela amehlo akho nempilo yakho yonke ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Bazophinde baqaphele amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngesikhathi nangemva kwenqubo, njengoba ukucindezeleka kokwelashwa kungathinta amazinga akho e-glucose.

Uma unesifo sikashukela esilawulwa kahle ngaphandle kwezinkinga, i-streptokinase ngokuvamile iphephile kuwe njengoba injalo kunoma ubani omunye. Izinzuzo zokusindisa impilo ngokuvamile zidlula izingozi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithola I-Streptokinase Eningi Ngengozi?

Awukwazi ukuthola i-streptokinase eningi ngengozi ngoba inikezwa kuphela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni ezilawulwayo zesibhedlela. Ithimba lakho lezempilo libala umthamo oqondile ngokusekelwe esisindweni sakho kanye nesimo sakho, futhi liqapha ukumnika ngokucophelela.

Uma i-overdose ingenzeka, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoyeka ngokushesha ukumnika futhi liqale ukwelashwa ukuze kulawulwe ukopha. Bangase bakunikeze imithi yokusiza igazi lakho ukuba liqine futhi noma banikeze imikhiqizo yegazi uma kudingeka.

Isibhedlela sinemithetho kanye nemithi yokulwa nayo etholakalayo ukuze kulawulwe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezivela emithini eningi. Yingakho i-streptokinase inikezwa kuphela ezindaweni lapho ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kutholakala khona.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Umthamo We-Streptokinase Uphuthelwa?

Ukuphuthelwa umthamo we-streptokinase ngokuvamile akuyona into ekhathazayo ngoba ngokuvamile inikezwa njengeseshini eyodwa yokwelashwa kunokuba imithamo eminingi. Umuthi unikezwa ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngokuvamile imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60.

Uma ukumnika kuphazamiseka ngengozi, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ukuthi liqale kabusha yini ngokusekelwe ekutheni isikhathi esingakanani esidlulile nokuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Bangase baqhubeke nokumnika, bashintshele kwenye imithi, noma basebenzise ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa kokuhlakaza amahlule sibalulekile, ngakho abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo bazokwenza izinqumo ngokushesha ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Streptokinase?

Ngokuvamile awuyeki ukuthatha i-streptokinase ngomqondo ovamile ngoba inikezwa njengeseshini elilodwa lokwelapha. Lapho ukumnika sekuqediwe, umuthi uyahamba kancane emzimbeni wakho emahoreni angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 alandelayo.

Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola amahora amaningana ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi iqhubu lincibilikile futhi awutholi izinkinga. Bazokuqala futhi ngeminye imithi ukuvimbela amaqhubu amasha ukuthi angakheki.

Imithi yokulandela, efana ne-aspirin noma ezinye izinciphisi zegazi, yilokho okuzodingeka uqhubeke ukuyithatha njengoba kunqunyiwe. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nalezi zindlela zokuqhubeka zokwelapha ngaphambi kokuthi uphume esibhedlela.

Ngingayithola i-Streptokinase ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Ukuthola i-streptokinase ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa kungaba yingozi ngoba umzimba wakho ungase wakhe ama-antibody ayiphikisayo ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala. Lawa ma-antibody angenza umuthi ungasebenzi kahle futhi andise ingozi yakho yokungezwani komzimba.

Uma udinga ukwelashwa okuqeda amaqhubu futhi, udokotela wakho cishe uzoqoka omunye umuthi ofana ne-alteplase esikhundleni se-streptokinase. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwezingozi ezengeziwe.

Isikhathi phakathi kokwelashwa naso sibalulekile - uma usanda kuthola i-streptokinase (kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya onyakeni owodwa), udokotela wakho nakanjani uzosebenzisa omunye umuthi. Hlala utshela abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo uma wake wathola i-streptokinase ngaphambili.