Yini i-Sulfonamide: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

Ama-Sulfonamides ayiqembu lama-antibiotics abelokhu esiza abantu ukulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-80. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angakhuli futhi azale emzimbeni wakho, inikeze amasosha akho omzimba ithuba lokususa ukutheleleka ngokwemvelo.

Ungase wazi ama-sulfonamides ngamagama ajwayelekile omkhiqizo afana ne-Bactrim noma i-Septra, ehlanganisa i-sulfamethoxazole ne-trimethoprim. Le mithi isaqhubeka nokunqunywa kakhulu namuhla ngoba isebenza kahle ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamagciwane abangela izifo ezivamile.

Yini i-Sulfonamide?

Ama-Sulfonamides ama-antibiotics okwenziwa ngumuntu angawodwa emakilasini amadala kakhulu emithi elwa namagciwane. Ayimithi eyenziwe ngabantu elingisa into amagciwane ayidingayo ukuze aphile futhi akhule.

Cabanga ngama-sulfonamides njengabazenzisi abakhohlisa amagciwane ukuthi awasebenzise esikhundleni sendlela yokudla ebalulekile ebizwa nge-para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Lapho amagciwane ezama ukusebenzisa i-sulfonamide esikhundleni se-PABA, awakwazi ukwenza amaprotheni awadingayo ukuze aphile. Lokhu kuwavimbela ukuthi azale futhi ekugcineni ababulale.

I-sulfonamide enqunywa kakhulu namuhla yi-sulfamethoxazole, ngokuvamile ehlanganiswe nelinye i-antibiotic elibizwa nge-trimethoprim. Le nhlanganisela yenza umuthi usebenze kahle ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamagciwane.

Isetshenziselwani i-Sulfonamide?

Ama-Sulfonamides aphatha izifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane emzimbeni wakho wonke. Udokotela wakho angase akuqokele uma amanye ama-antibiotics engalungile noma uma amagciwane athile abangela ukutheleleka kwakho ephendula kahle kuma-sulfonamides.

Nawa amanye amazwi ama-sulfonamides asiza ukuwapatha, aqala ngelivamile:

• Ukutheleleka ngamathumbu (UTIs), okuhlanganisa ukutheleleka kwesitho somchamo kanye nezinso
• Ukutheleleka ngamaphaphu njenge-bronchitis kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okungaphenduli kwamanye ama-antibiotics
• Ukuqunjelwa kwabahambi okubangelwa amagciwane athile
• Ukuvimbela i-Pneumocystis pneumonia kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela baphinda banikeze ama-sulfonamides ngezifo ezingavamile njenge-nocardiosis noma izifo ezithile ze-parasitic. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzonquma ukuthi ama-sulfonamides ayisinqumo esifanele yini ngokusekelwe ekuthelelekeni kwakho okuthile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Sulfonamide?

Ama-Sulfonamides abhekwa njengama-antibiotics anamandla aphakathi nendawo asebenza ngokuphazamisa indlela amagciwane enza ngayo amaprotheni abalulekile. Yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "bacteriostatic," okusho ukuthi amisa amagciwane ukuthi angakhuli kunokuthi awabulale ngokuqondile.

Uma uthatha i-sulfonamide, ihamba ngegazi lakho iye endaweni yokutheleleka. Umuthi bese uphazamisa ikhono lamagciwane lokukhiqiza i-folic acid, abayidingayo ukwenza i-DNA nokuzala. Ngaphandle kwalesi sakhi esibalulekile, amagciwane awakwazi ukuzala, futhi uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela lungaqeda ukutheleleka okukhona.

Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku eziningana ukukhombisa umphumela ogcwele. Ungase uqale ukuzizwa ungcono phakathi kwama-24 kuya kuma-48 amahora, kodwa umuthi uyaqhubeka usebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagciwane aqediwe. Inhlanganisela ye-sulfamethoxazole kanye ne-trimethoprim isebenza emazingeni amabili ahlukene ekukhiqizweni kwe-folic acid yamagciwane, okwenza kube nzima ngamagciwane ukuthi akhe ukumelana.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Sulfonamide?

Thatha ama-sulfonamides ngendlela enconywe ngayo udokotela wakho, ngokuvamile njalo emahoreni ayi-12 ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Ungawuthatha lo muthi ngaphandle kokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa ukuwuthatha nokudla kungasiza ukunciphisa isisu uma uhlangabezana nanoma yini.

Phuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke ngenkathi uthatha ama-sulfonamides - qondisa okungenani izinkomishi eziyi-8 ngosuku. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela amatshe ezinso, angavela ngezikhathi ezithile uma uthatha le mithi. Uketshezi olwengeziwe futhi lusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenze imithi ngempumelelo.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Uma uyithatha kabili ngosuku, ukuhlukanisa imithamo cishe ngamahora ayi-12 ngaphandle kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale esimisweni.

Ungachobozi, uhlafune, noma uqhekeze amaphilisi ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngqo ukuthi wenze kanjalo. Gwinya wonke ngamanzi. Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, khuluma nomuthi wakho mayelana nokwakheka oketshezi okungenzeka ukuthi kuyatholakala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Sulfonamide?

Ukwelashwa okuningi kwe-sulfonamide kuthatha phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-14, kuye ngohlobo nobukhulu bokutheleleka kwakho. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isikhathi esithile esisekelwe kulokho abakwelaphayo nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani.

Ngezifo ezinzima zomgudu womchamo, ungase udinge kuphela izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 zokwelashwa. Izifo ezinzima njengomkhuhlane wamaphaphu noma izifo ezinzima zesikhumba zingase zidinge izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-14. Abanye abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezithintekile bangase badinge ukwelashwa isikhathi eside noma bathathe ama-sulfonamides isikhathi eside ukuze bavimbele.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda lonke uhlelo lwama-antibiotics, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela amagciwane asele ukuthi aphindaphindeke futhi, okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kubuye kube namandla kunakuqala. Lokhu kungaholela ekumelaneni nama-antibiotics, okwenza ukutheleleka okuzayo kube nzima ukukwelapha.

Uma ungazizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 zokwelashwa, xhumana nodokotela wakho. Bangase badinge ukulungisa umthamo wakho noma bashintshele kwenye i-antibiotic esekelwe emiphumeleni yamasiko noma ekuphenduleni kwakho ekwelashweni.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Sulfonamide?

Abantu abaningi bayawamukela kahle ama-sulfonamides, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, angabangela imiphumela emibi. Ukuqonda okulindelekile kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngomuthi wakho futhi wazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ivamise ukuba mncane futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi:

• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuqunjelwa okuncane
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isiyezi
• Ukukhathala noma ukudinwa

Le miphumela ivamise ukuxazululeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi akuvamile ukuthi idinge ukuyeka umuthi. Ukuthatha umuthi wakho nokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi ehlobene nesisu.

Abanye abantu bathola imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu noma izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-C. difficile
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, imihuzuko, noma ukulimala okungavamile
• Umkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile noma ukulimala kalula
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo
• Umchamo omnyama noma izitulo eziphuthukile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliqhubekayo noma ukuqina kwentamo

Akuvamile, ama-sulfonamides angabangela ukusabela okukhulu komzimba noma athinte amaseli egazi, ukusebenza kwesibindi, noma ukusebenza kwezinso. Ngenkathi lezi zinkinga zingavamile, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zalezi zinkinga, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha umuthi isikhathi eside.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Sulfonamide?

Ama-Sulfonamides awaphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuwanikeza. Amaqembu amaningana abantu kufanele agweme le mithi noma ayisebenzise ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Akufanele uthathe ama-sulfonamides uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani nezidakamizwa ze-sulfa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusabela kwangaphambilini kuma-antibiotics e-sulfonamide, ama-diuretics athile, noma imithi yesifo sikashukela equkethe izinhlanganisela ze-sulfa. Ngisho nokusabela okuncane komzimba kungaba kubi kakhulu ngokuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuthatha ama-sulfonamides:

• Isifo esibi sezinso noma sesibindi
• Izifo zegazi ezinjenge-anemia noma ukwehla kwamaseli egazi amhlophe
• Ukushoda kwe-G6PD (ukushoda kwe-enzyme yofuzo)
• I-Porphyria (iqembu lezifo ezingavamile zegazi)
• Isifuba esibi noma izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Izifo ze-thyroid

Abesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo kwesithathu, kanye nomama abancelisayo ngokuvamile akufanele bathathe ama-sulfonamides. Umuthi ungaweqa i-placenta futhi ungene obisini lwebele, okungase kuthinte ingane. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela ezinye izindlela eziphephile uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa.

Izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-2 ubudala akufanele zithole ama-sulfonamides ngoba isibindi nezinso zazo azikavuthwa ngokwanele ukucubungula imithi ngokuphepha. Iziguli ezigugile zingase zidinge imithamo ephansi noma ukuqapha njalo ngenxa yezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala ekusebenzeni kwezinso.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Sulfonamide

Ama-Sulfonamides atholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi omkhiqizo, okuyiwona ajwayelekile kakhulu imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa kokubili i-sulfamethoxazole ne-trimethoprim. Ungase ubone le mithi ibhalwe ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene ekhemisi lakho.

Amagama omkhiqizo aziwa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-Bactrim ne-Septra, kokubili aqukethe izithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo ngobukhulu obufanayo. Izinhlobo ze-Generic nazo ziyatholakala futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengezinhlobo zomkhiqizo, ngokuvamile ngentengo ephansi.

Amanye amagama omkhiqizo ongase uhlangane nawo ahlanganisa i-Bactrim DS (amandla aphindwe kabili), i-Septra DS, ne-Sulfatrim. Isibonakaliso esithi "DS" sisho ukuthi la mathebulethi aqukethe inani eliphindwe kabili lezithako ezisebenzayo njengezinhlobo zamandla avamile, okukuvumela ukuthi uthathe amaphilisi ambalwa ngosuku.

Usokhemisi wakho angakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulutholayo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uthatha umthamo ofanele. Wonke lawa magama aqukethe izithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo futhi asebenza ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni wakho.

Ezinye Izindlela ze-Sulfonamide

Uma ama-sulfonamides engakulungele noma engayelaphi ngempumelelo ukutheleleka kwakho, udokotela wakho unezinye izindlela eziningi zokukhetha kuzo zama-antibiotics. Enye indlela engcono kakhulu incike ohlotsheni lwebhaktheriya olubangela ukutheleleka kwakho kanye nesimo sakho sezokwelapha.

Ezifweni zomgudu womchamo, ezinye izindlela ezivamile zihlanganisa i-nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), i-ciprofloxacin (Cipro), noma i-amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin). Le mithi isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunama-sulfonamides kodwa ingasebenza kahle ngokumelene namabhaktheriya abangela i-UTI.

Ezifweni zokuphefumula, udokotela wakho angase akubhalele i-amoxicillin, i-azithromycin (Z-pack), noma i-doxycycline. Lawa ma-antibiotics aqondiswe kumabhaktheriya avame ukubangela i-bronchitis kanye ne-pneumonia, ngokuvamile enemiphumela emincane kunama-sulfonamides.

Uma une-sulfa allergy, udokotela wakho uzokhetha ngokucophelela ezinye izindlela ezingenawo ama-sulfonamide compounds. Bazobuye bacabange nganoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ozithandayo futhi bakhethe inketho ephephe kakhulu, esebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthelelekeni kwakho okuthile.

Ingabe i-Sulfonamide Ingcono Kune-Amoxicillin?

Akukho ne-sulfonamide noma i-amoxicillin engcono ngokujwayelekile - zombili ama-antibiotics asebenzayo asebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokutheleleka. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuncike kumabhaktheriya athile abangela ukutheleleka kwakho kanye nezimo zakho zezokwelapha.

Ama-Sulfonamides avelela ekwelapheni izifo zomgudu womchamo kanye nezifo ezithile zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma zibangelwa amabhaktheriya afana ne-E. coli noma i-Pneumocystis. Ziphinde zibe usizo kwezinye izifo zesikhumba kanye nohudo lwabahambi. Inhlanganisela ye-sulfamethoxazole kanye ne-trimethoprim yenza kube nzima ngamabhaktheriya ukuthi akhe ukumelana.

I-Amoxicillin isebenza kangcono ngomphimbo obuhlungu, izifo zendlebe, nezinhlobo ezithile zomkhuhlane wamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile iphephe kakhulu kubantu abakhulelwe kanye nezingane, futhi ibangela ukusabela okuncane komzimba kunama-sulfonamides. Kodwa-ke, amanye amagciwane aye athuthukisa ukumelana ne-amoxicillin, okwenza ingasebenzi kahle ezifweni ezithile.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha i-antibiotic engase ilaphe isifo sakho esithile ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinjengamagciwane asolwayo, umlando wakho wokungezwani komzimba, kanye namaphethini okumelana endawo. Ngesinye isikhathi bangase bashintshe kwenye uma okokuqala kungasebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Sulfonamide

Ingabe i-Sulfonamide iphephile ezigulini ezinokugula kwezinso?

Ama-Sulfonamides adinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela uma unezifo zezinso, njengoba izinso zakho zicubungula futhi ziqede lo muthi emzimbeni wakho. Abantu abanezinkinga ezinso ezincane ngokuvamile bangathatha ama-sulfonamides ngokuphepha, kodwa bangase badinge imithamo elungisiwe noma ukuqapha njalo.

Uma unezifo zezinso eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu, udokotela wakho cishe uzokhetha i-antibiotic ehlukile noma anciphise kakhulu umthamo wakho we-sulfonamide. Bazophinda baqaphe ukusebenza kwezinso zakho eduze ngenkathi uthatha umuthi. Ungalokothi ulungise umthamo wakho ngokwakho - ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo ethile kadokotela wakho.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zezinso oye waba nazo esikhathini esidlule, ngisho noma zibonakala zincane. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze bahlole ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngaphambi kokunquma ama-sulfonamides futhi bangase baphinde lawa mahlolwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ukusebenzisa i-Sulfonamide eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-sulfonamide eningi kunaleyo enqunyiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile. Ukuthatha okuningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi eyingozi ehlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, izinkinga ngamaseli akho egazi noma izinso.

Ungazami "ukulungisa" ukweqisa ngokuqaqa umthamo wakho olandelayo noma ukuthatha imithi emincane kamuva. Lokhu kungaphazamisa amazinga aqhubekayo e-antibiotic emzimbeni wakho futhi kwenze ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kube nzima ukukwelapha. Kunalokho, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuthi wenzeni ngokulandelayo.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula, isicanucanu esikhulu nokuhlanza, noma izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, funa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo ngokushesha. Gcina ibhodlela lemithi nawe ukuze abahlinzeki bezempilo bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi uthathe ini nokuthi uthathe okungakanani.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Sulfonamide?

Uma uqaqa umthamo we-sulfonamide, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle kwalapho sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo oqashiwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho yokulinganisa ejwayelekile. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise okungaqashiwe.

Uma uqaqa imithamo kaningi, i-antibiotic ingase ingasebenzi kahle ukuze isuse ukutheleleka kwakho. Cabangela ukusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgqeni. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekugcineni amazinga alungile emithi emzimbeni wakho.

Uma uqashe imithamo eminingi noma ukhohlwe ukuthatha imithi yakho usuku lonke, xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Bangase badinge ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa noma banwebe ubude besikhathi se-antibiotic yakho ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kuyelashwa ngokugcwele.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Sulfonamide?

Yeka kuphela ukuthatha i-sulfonamide uma usuqedele inkambo ephelele ebekwe udokotela wakho, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele. Ukuyeka ama-antibiotics ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi izifo zibuye ziqine futhi amagciwane athuthukise ukumelana nokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho ubalile isikhathi esiqondile esidingekayo ukuqeda wonke amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka kwakho. Noma ngabe izimpawu zinyamalala, amanye amagciwane angase abe khona emzimbeni wakho. Lawa magciwane asele angaphindaphinda uma uyeka ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukutheleleka okukhulu.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo futhi ufuna ukuyeka umuthi, xhumana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Bangakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo zokuqhubeka nokwelashwa ngokumelene nemiphumela emibi oyitholayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile bangakwazi ukunquma imithi eyengeziwe ukusiza ukuphatha imiphumela emibi ngenkathi uqeda inkambo yakho ye-antibiotic.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Sulfonamide?

Ngokuvamile kungcono ukugwema utshwala ngenkathi uthatha ama-sulfonamides, yize amanani amancane kungenzeka angabangeli izinkinga ezinkulu. Utshwala bungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi efana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nesiyezi, futhi kungase kuphazamise ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nokutheleleka.

Utshwala bungabeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe esibindini sakho, esivele sisebenza ukucubungula i-antibiotic. Uma unezinkinga zesibindi noma uthatha eminye imithi, ukuhlanganisa utshwala nama-sulfonamides kuba yingozi enkulu.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, zilinganisele ngamanani amancane futhi unake indlela ozizwa ngayo. Yeka ukuphuza futhi uthinte udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nokwanda kwesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo. Umzimba wakho udinga wonke amandla awo ukulwa nokutheleleka, ngakho-ke ukugwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngenkathi ugula kuvame ukuba yisinqumo esihlakaniphile.