Yini iTacrine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Tacrine iyimithi eyayike isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer, kodwa ayisatholakali emazweni amaningi ngenxa yezinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi. Lo muthi wenzelwe ukusiza ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo namakhono okucabanga kubantu abanokuwohloka kwengqondo ngokuvimba i-enzyme eqeda i-acetylcholine, ikhemikhali yobuchopho ebalulekile enkumbulweni.

Ngenkathi i-tacrine yenza umlando njengokwelashwa kokuqala okuvunywe yi-FDA kwesifo i-Alzheimer ngo-1993, odokotela bathola ukuthi kungadala umonakalo omkhulu esibindini. Amazwe amaningi seliyikhiphile emakethe, futhi ezinye izindlela eziphephile manje ziyatholakala zokwelapha izimpawu zokuwohloka kwengqondo.

Yini iTacrine?

I-Tacrine ingeyeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-cholinesterase inhibitors. Isebenza ngokuvimbela ukuhlakazeka kwe-acetylcholine, i-neurotransmitter esiza amaseli ezinzwa ukuthi axhumane komunye nomunye ebuchosheni.

Lo muthi waqala ukuthuthukiswa ukusiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kokulahlekelwa inkumbulo nokudideka ezigulini ze-Alzheimer. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwaba nomkhawulo ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ingozi yobuthi besibindi obungaba yingozi ekuphileni.

Isetshenziselwani iTacrine?

I-Tacrine yayinikezwa ikakhulukazi isifo i-Alzheimer esingesibi kakhulu. Odokotela babeyisebenzisa ukusiza iziguli ukuthi zigcine amakhono azo okuqonda isikhathi eside futhi mhlawumbe zinciphise ukwehla ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke.

Lo muthi futhi wayevame ukucatshangelwa ezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka kwengqondo, nakuba lokhu kwakungavamile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-tacrine ayisiphilisi isifo i-Alzheimer noma ayimisi ukuqhubeka kwaso ngokuphelele - inikeza kuphela ukukhululeka kwezimpawu zesikhashana ezigulini ezithile.

Isebenza Kanjani iTacrine?

I-Tacrine isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholinesterase ebuchosheni bakho. Le enzyme ngokuvamile iqeda i-acetylcholine, isithunywa samakhemikhali esibalulekile enkumbulweni nokufunda.

Ngokuvimbela lokhu kubhidlika, i-tacrine isiza ukugcina amazinga aphezulu e-acetylcholine ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungathuthukisa okwesikhashana ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa, okungasiza ngememori, ukunaka, namakhono okucabanga. Kodwa-ke, i-tacrine ithathwa njengomuthi obuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okusha kwe-dementia, futhi imiphumela yawo imodest ngcono.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Tacrine?

Ukube i-tacrine yayisatholakala, ngokuvamile yayizothathwa ngomlomo izikhathi ezine ngosuku, ngokuvamile phakathi kokudla. Ukuyithatha esiswini esingenalutho kusiza umzimba wakho ukuba umunce umuthi kangcono.

Umuthi uzodingeka ukuthi uqalwe ngomthamo ophansi futhi wandiswe kancane kancane emavikini ambalwa. Lokhu kwanda kancane kusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kuzobalulekile ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi, njengoba ukulimala kwesibindi kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Tacrine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-tacrine buzoxhomeka ekutheni usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini nokuthi ngabe uthola imiphumela emibi. Ezinye iziguli zingase zibone izinzuzo phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, kanti ezinye zingase zidinge izinyanga eziningana ukuze zibone ukuthuthuka.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kungaqhubeka uma nje izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Kodwa-ke, ukuqapha njalo izinkinga zesibindi kuzobalulekile, futhi umuthi uzodingeka ukuthi uyekiswe ngokushesha uma amazinga e-enzyme yesibindi enyuka.

Yini Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Tacrine?

I-Tacrine ingabangela imiphumela eminingi emibi, kusukela kokulula kuya kokukhulu. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukulimala kwesibindi, okungaba yingozi ekuphileni futhi okuyisizathu esikhulu sokuthi lo muthi ususwe ezimakethe eziningi.

Nawa imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ongase uyithole:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isiyezi
• Ikhanda
• Ukukhathala

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha ihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo (i-jaundice)
• Umchamo omnyama
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla esihlala izinsuku eziningana
• Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elihamba kancane
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula

Lezi zimpawu ezibucayi zingase zikhombe ukulimala kwesibindi noma ezinye izinkinga ezingaba yingozi ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Tacrine?

Amaqembu amaningana abantu kufanele agweme i-tacrine ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga ezibucayi. Noma ubani onesifo sesibindi esikhona noma umlando wezinkinga zesibindi akufanele athathe lo muthi.

Ezinye izimo ezenza i-tacrine ingafaneleki zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sesibindi esisebenzayo noma ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezimbi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Izilonda zesisu ezisebenzayo
• Isifuba esikhulu noma izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukuvinjelwa komchamo
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthumela

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa izingane nabo kufanele bagweme i-tacrine, njengoba imiphumela yayo ezinganeni ezisakhula ingaqondakali kahle.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Tacrine

I-Tacrine yayithengiswa ekuqaleni ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Cognex e-United States. Leli kwakuyigama eliyinhloko lomkhiqizo elalisetshenziswa lapho umuthi usatholakala.

Nokho, njengoba i-tacrine isusiwe ezimakethe eziningi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, lawa magama omkhiqizo awasasetshenziswa. Uma ufuna ukwelashwa kwe-dementia, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ezinye izindlela ezintsha, eziphephe kakhulu.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha I-Tacrine

Ezinye izindlela eziphephe kakhulu nezisebenzayo ze-tacrine manje ziyatholakala zokwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer nezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia. Le mithi emisha inamaphrofayili okuphepha angcono futhi ngokuvamile isebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ezinye izindlela zamanje zihlanganisa:

• I-Donepezil (Aricept) - futhi iyi-cholinesterase inhibitor kodwa iphephe kakhulu
• I-Rivastigmine (Exelon) - itholakala ngamaphilisi noma ama-patch
• I-Galantamine (Razadyne) - enye i-cholinesterase inhibitor
• I-Memantine (Namenda) - isebenza ngendlela ehlukile ngokuvimba ama-receptor e-NMDA
• I-Aducanumab (Aduhelm) - inketho entsha, ephikiswayo

Lezi ezinye izindlela zikhethwa ngoba zibangela imiphumela emibi embalwa kakhulu futhi azinayo ingozi efanayo yokulimala kwesibindi okwenza i-tacrine ibe yingozi.

Ingabe i-Tacrine Ingcono Kune-Donepezil?

I-Donepezil ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephakeme kune-tacrine cishe ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngenkathi womabili lawo machiza esebenza ngendlela efanayo, i-donepezil ineprofayili yokuphepha engcono kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyithatha.

I-Donepezil idinga kuphela ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku, uma iqhathaniswa ne-tacrine edoswa izikhathi ezine ngosuku. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-donepezil ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi ezenza i-tacrine ibe yingozi. Izifundo zikhombisile futhi ukuthi i-donepezil okungenani isebenza kahle njenge-tacrine ekwelapheni izimpawu ze-Alzheimer, uma kungenjalo ngaphezulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Tacrine

Q1. Ingabe i-Tacrine Iphephile Ezigulini Zezifo Zezinhliziyo?

I-Tacrine ingaba yinkinga kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ngoba inganciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho futhi ingase yenze izimo ezithile zenhliziyo zibe zimbi. Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo, i-tacrine ingabangela ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaye kancane kakhulu noma ngokungajwayelekile.

Umuthi unganciphisa nomfutho wegazi, okungase kube yingozi uma usuvele unezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lesi esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani odokotela manje bekhetha ezinye izindlela eziphephe kakhulu njenge-donepezil ezigulini ezinokuwohloka kwengqondo kanye nezifo zenhliziyo.

Q2. Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngisebenzisa I-Tacrine Eningi Ngengozi?

Uma usola ukuthi udlulise umthamo we-tacrine, funa usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izimpawu zokudlula umthamo zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, umfutho wegazi ophansi, nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ukweqisa umthamo kungaba yingozi empilweni, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-tacrine ingalimaza isibindi. Ungazami ukwelapha ukweqisa umthamo ekhaya - shayela izinsiza eziphuthumayo noma uye egumbini eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Q3. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Tacrine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-tacrine, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kuleso simo, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi noma ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo.

Q4. Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Tacrine?

Kufanele uyeke kuphela ukuthatha i-tacrine ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho. Umuthi udinga ukuyekiswa ngokushesha uma uba nezimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi, njengokuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu.

Udokotela wakho uzophinde ancome ukuyeka uma umuthi ungawusizi ngempawu zakho noma uma imiphumela emibi iba yinkinga kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kubalulekile ukuqapha ukulimala kwesibindi, futhi imiphumela evela kulawa mahlolwa izosiza ukunquma ukuthi ungayeka nini umuthi.

Q5. Ingabe i-Tacrine ingathathwa neminye imithi?

I-Tacrine ingasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi, okungenzeka ibangele imiphumela emibi eyingozi. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganisa i-tacrine neminye imithi ethinta isibindi, inhliziyo, noma uhlelo lwezinzwa.

Njalo yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yezitshalo oyithathayo ngaphambi kokuqala i-tacrine. Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisana zingaba zimbi, okuhlanganisa ingozi eyengeziwe yokulimala kwesibindi noma izinguquko eziyingozi esigqi senhliziyo.