Yini i-Tafenoquine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Tafenoquine iyikhambi elibhalwe ngudokotela elilwa nomalaleveva elisiza ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo zomlaleveva. Lo muthi omusha ngokuqhathaniswa unikeza inketho enamandla yokuzivikela emalaleveva uma uhamba ezindaweni eziyingozi noma udinga ukwelashwa ngezinhlobo ezithile zezifo zomlaleveva.

Njengengxenye yeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-8-aminoquinolines, i-tafenoquine isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuneminye imithi eminingi yomalaleveva. Iqondisa igciwane ezigabeni eziningi zomjikelezo walo wokuphila, okwenza lisebenze ikakhulukazi ekuvikeleni nasekwelapheni umalaleveva okuphelele.

Yini i-Tafenoquine?

I-Tafenoquine iyikhambi elilwa nomalaleveva elivimbela futhi lelaphe umalaleveva obangelwa amagciwane e-Plasmodium. Ingaphansi kohlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-8-aminoquinolines, aziwa ngekhono lawo lokuqeda amagciwane omlaleveva emzimbeni wakho ngokuphelele.

Lo muthi wagunyazwa yi-FDA ngonyaka ka-2018 futhi umelele intuthuko enkulu ekwelashweni komalaleveva. Ngokungafani neminye imithi emidala yomalaleveva, i-tafenoquine ingaqondisa amagciwane alele afihla esibindini sakho, ivimbele izigameko zomlaleveva zesikhathi esizayo.

Umuthi uza ngamaphilisi omlomo futhi utholakala ngemiyalelo kadokotela kuphela. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka ukuthi i-tafenoquine ikulungele yini ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile nomlando wezokwelapha.

Yini i-Tafenoquine Esizokwenzelwa Yona?

I-Tafenoquine inezinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko ekunakekelweni komalaleveva: ukuvimbela nokwelapha. Udokotela wakho angase akubhalele ukukuvikela ekutholeni umalaleveva noma ukwelapha ukutheleleka okukhona.

Ukuvimbela, i-tafenoquine isebenza njenge-malaria prophylaxis uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho umalaleveva uvamile. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi ohambweni olude noma uma udinga ukuvikelwa isikhathi eside ngemva kokubuya ekhaya.

Umuthi usetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha i-Plasmodium vivax malaria, uhlobo oluthile olungabangela izifo eziphindaphindayo. Nakhu lapho udokotela wakho angase ancome khona i-tafenoquine:

• Ukuvimbela umalaleveva ngesikhathi sokuhamba ezindaweni ezithathelwanayo
• Ukwelapha izifo eziqinisekisiwe ze-P. vivax malaria
• Ukuvimbela ukuphindeka komalaleveva okuvela kuma-parasites esibindi alalayo
• Ukwelashwa ngemva kohambo ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela izinhlelo zakho zokuhamba, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nezingozi ezithile zomlaleveva lapho uqoka ukuthi i-tafenoquine ilungele yini wena.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Tafenoquine?

I-Tafenoquine ithathwa njengomuthi oqinile wokulwa nomalaleveva osebenza ngokuhlasela ama-parasites omlaleveva ezigabeni ezahlukene zomjikelezo wawo wokuphila. Iphazamisa ikhono le-parasite lokusinda nokuzala emzimbeni wakho.

Lo muthi usebenza ngempumelelo ngoba ungaqeda ama-hypnozoites, okuyizinhlobo ezilele ze-parasite yomalaleveva ezifihla esibindini sakho. La ma-parasites alalayo angavuselelwa emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, okubangela iziqephu eziphindaphindayo zomlaleveva.

Ngokugxila kuma-parasites asebenzayo nalala, i-tafenoquine inikeza ukuvikelwa okuphelele. Umuthi uphazamisa izinqubo zeselula ze-parasite, ekugcineni kuholele ekubhujisweni kwawo futhi kuwavimbele ukuthi angabangeli ukugula.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Tafenoquine?

Thatha i-tafenoquine ngendlela udokotela wakho ayala ngayo, ngokuvamile ngokudla ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu. Umuthi kufanele uthathwe nengilazi yamanzi egcwele ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokudla.

Ukuvimbela umalaleveva, ngokuvamile uzothatha ithebhulethi eyodwa masonto onke, uqale amasonto angu-1-2 ngaphambi kohambo futhi uqhubeke isonto elilodwa ngemva kokubuya. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile yesikhathi esekelwe ezinhlelweni zakho zokuhamba.

Lapho welapha umalaleveva, isimiso sokulinganisa singase sihluke futhi sivame ukubandakanya ukuthatha umuthi nsuku zonke isikhathi esifushane. Nawa amagayidi abalulekile okufanele uwalandele:

• Thatha nokudla noma ubisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumuncwa futhi kuncishiswe isicanucanu
• Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngamanzi amaningi
• Thatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo
• Ungawachobozi, uwahlafune, noma uwahlukanise amaphilisi
• Qhubeka ukuwathatha ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono

Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinye izindlela. Ungalokothi ulungise umthamo wakho ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sezokwelapha, ngoba lokhu kungathinta ukusebenza kahle komuthi.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Tafenoquine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-tafenoquine buxhomeke ekutheni uyisebenzisela ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu ngamunye.

Ukuvimbela umalaleveva ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ngokuvamile uzothatha i-tafenoquine ngesikhathi sohambo lwakho kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe ngaphambi nangemva. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuqala amasonto angu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi uqhubeke isonto elilodwa ngemva kokubuya ekhaya.

Lapho welapha ukutheleleka komalaleveva okusebenzayo, inkambo ivame ukuba mfushane kodwa iqine kakhulu. Ubude bokwelashwa bungahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini amaningana, kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza kanye nokuphendula kwakho emuthini.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-tafenoquine ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele. Ukwelashwa okungaphelele kungaholela ekuphindweni kokutheleleka noma ukumelana nemithi, okwenza umalaleveva wesikhathi esizayo kube nzima ukuwulapha.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Tafenoquine?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-tafenoquine ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi iyalawuleka, kodwa eminye ingaba yingozi kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi evamile abantu abaningi abayitholayo ihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nokungakhululeki kwesisu. Lezi zinkinga zokugaya ukudla zivame ukuthuthuka uma uthatha umuthi nokudla.

Nawa amanye imiphumela emibi ebikwa kaningi ongase uyibone:

• Ukugula nokuphalaza
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma amajaqamba
• Ukuqaqamba kwekhanda
• Isiyezi
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ingenzeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo ezithile zofuzo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-anemia engathi sína, izimpawu zengqondo njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, kanye nezinguquko zesigqi senhliziyo.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ihlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, ukuphalaza okuqhubekayo, ukukhathala okungavamile, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo, kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu zemizwa. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Tafenoquine?

I-Tafenoquine ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi abantu abathile kufanele bagweme lo muthi ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola izimo ezithile ngaphambi kokukuchazela i-tafenoquine.

Abantu abanokuntuleka kwe-G6PD, isimo sezofuzo esithinta amaseli abomvu egazi, akufanele neze bathathe i-tafenoquine. Lo muthi ungenza i-anemia engathi sína kubantu abanalesi simo, okungaba yingozi empilweni.

Ngaphambi kokukuchazela i-tafenoquine, udokotela wakho cishe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlole ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD. Nazi ezinye izimo lapho i-tafenoquine ingase ingafaneleki khona:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD okwaziwayo
• Isifo esibi sezinso noma sesibindi
• Umlando wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa
• Izinkinga ezithile zesigqi senhliziyo
• Ukusabela okukhulu komzimba emithini efanayo

Udokotela wakho uzochaza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi angase a-ode ezinye izivivinyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-tafenoquine iphephile kuwe. Hlala utshela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha onazo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Tafenoquine

I-Tafenoquine iyatholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Arakoda lokuvimbela umalaleveva kanye ne-Krintafel yokwelapha umalaleveva. Zombili ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo kodwa zingase zibe nezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezihlukene.

I-Arakoda igunyazwe ngokuqondile ukuvimbela umalaleveva kubantu abadala abahamba ezindaweni lapho umalaleveva uvamile. I-Krintafel isetshenziswa kanye neminye imithi elwa nomalaleveva ukwelapha umalaleveva we-P. vivax.

Udokotela wakho uzoqoka umkhiqizo ofanelekayo ngokusekelwe ekutheni ngabe udinga ukuvimbela noma ukwelashwa. Zombili izinhlobo zidinga incwadi kadokotela futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Tafenoquine

Eminye imithi eminingi elwa nomalaleveva iyatholakala uma i-tafenoquine ingakulungele. Udokotela wakho angatusa ezinye izindlela ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokuvimbela umalaleveva zihlanganisa i-atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone), i-doxycycline, kanye ne-mefloquine. Ngayinye inezinzuzo ezihlukene kanye namaphrofayili emiphumela emibi.

Ukwelapha umalaleveva, ezinye izindlela zingase zihlanganise i-chloroquine, ukwelashwa okusekelwe ku-artemisinin, noma i-primaquine. Ukukhetha kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, indawo ohlala kuyo, kanye namaphethini okumelana endawo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzocabangela izinto ezinjengendawo oya kuyo, ubude bohambo, umlando wezokwelapha, neminye imithi lapho ekhetha inketho engcono kakhulu yokulwa nomalaleveva kuwe.

Ingabe i-Tafenoquine ingcono kune-Primaquine?

I-Tafenoquine ne-primaquine zombili ziyizidakamizwa eziyi-8-aminoquinoline antimalarials, kodwa i-tafenoquine inikeza ezinye izinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-primaquine. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi i-tafenoquine idinga imithamo embalwa ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ehlala isikhathi eside emzimbeni wakho.

Ngenkathi i-primaquine ngokuvamile idinga ukulinganisa nsuku zonke izinsuku eziyi-14, i-tafenoquine ingavame ukunikezwa njengomthamo owodwa noma inkambo emfushane. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqeda ukwelashwa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa imithamo.

Imithi yomibili inezingozi ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanokushoda kwe-G6PD. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside sokusebenza kwe-tafenoquine sisho ukuthi ihlala esimisweni sakho isikhathi eside, okungaba yinzuzo nokukhathazeka.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho esithile, okuhlanganisa ikhono lakho lokuthatha imithi yansuku zonke kanye nezici eziyingozi, lapho ekhetha phakathi kwalezi zinketho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Tafenoquine

Ingabe i-Tafenoquine iphephile kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo?

I-Tafenoquine ingathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwabanye abantu, ngakho-ke idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela uma unezifo zenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola isimo sakho senhliziyo esithile futhi angase ayalele ezinye izivivinyo ngaphambi kokunikeza lo muthi.

Uma unomlando wezinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase ancome eminye imithi elwa nomalaleveva. Hlala uxoxa ngomlando wakho ophelele wenhliziyo nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala i-tafenoquine.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuzile i-Tafenoquine eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngengozi uphuza i-tafenoquine eningi, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuphuza okungaphezu kokunqunyiwe kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathi sína, ikakhulukazi uma unokushoda kwe-G6PD.

Ungazami ukuzelapha ngokweqile. Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile. Letha ibhodlela lomuthi nawe ukuze usize abahlinzeki bezempilo baqonde ukuthi yini nokuthi ungakanani okuthathile.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Tafenoquine?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-tafenoquine, uyithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Ungaphuzi imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe.

Ukuvimbela, uma uphuthelwa umthamo wamasonto onke, uyithathe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uphuthelwa imithamo eminingi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta ukuvikeleka kwakho emalaleveva.

Ngingayeka nini ukuphuza i-Tafenoquine?

Misa ukuthatha i-tafenoquine kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze njalo, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngokuphelele. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokwelashwa noma ekuphindweni kokutheleleka ngumkhuhlane.

Ukuvimbela, uzodinga ukuqhubeka nokuthatha i-tafenoquine isikhathi esinqunyiwe, okuhlanganisa nangemva kokubuya ohambweni. Ukuze welashwe, qedela lonke ikhosi njengoba uqondisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izilwanyana ezincane ziqediwe.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Tafenoquine?

Kungcono ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-tafenoquine, njengoba kokubili kungathinta isibindi sakho futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwandise imiphumela emibi. Utshwala bungase futhi benze imiphumela emibi yokugaya ukudla ibe yimbi njengokucasuka kwesisu nokungakhululeki kwesisu.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza, yenza kanjalo ngokulinganisela futhi unake indlela ozizwa ngayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, ikakhulukazi uma unezinkinga zesibindi noma uthatha eminye imithi.