Yini i-Tenapanor: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Tenapanor iyimithi kadokotela esiza ukuphatha i-irritable bowel syndrome enokuqunjelwa (IBS-C) kubantu abadala. Le mithi entsha ngokulinganiselwe isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunokwelashwa okuningi kwe-IBS ngokugxila ezinqubweni ezithile emathunjini akho ukusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besisu nokuthuthukisa ukunyakaza kwamathumbu.

Uma ubhekene nokungakhululeki okuqhubekayo kokugaya nokuzimba, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulume nge-tenapanor njengenketho yokwelapha. Ake sihambe kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngale mithi ngamagama alula, acacile.

Yini i-Tenapanor?

I-Tenapanor iyidakamizwa elincane elivimba iziteshi ezithile emgqeni wakho wamathumbu. Cabanga ngayo njengendlela eqondiwe esebenza ngqo emathunjini akho kunokuthinta umzimba wakho wonke.

Umuthi uza ngesimo samaphilisi futhi uthathwa ngomlomo. Yenzelwe ukuhlala kakhulu emathunjini akho, okusho ukuthi okuncane kakhulu okuthathwa ngamagazi akho. Lesi senzo sendawo sisiza ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi engase ithinte ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

I-Tenapanor yathola imvume ye-FDA ngonyaka ka-2019 ngemuva kokuthi izifundo zomtholampilo zakhombisa ukuthi ingasiza abantu abane-IBS-C ukuthi babe nobuhlungu besisu obuncane nokunyakaza kwamathumbu okuvamile. Umuthi umelela indlela entsha yokwelapha lesi simo sokugaya esivamile.

Isetshenziselwani i-Tenapanor?

I-Tenapanor ivunyelwe ngokuqondile ukwelapha i-irritable bowel syndrome enokuqunjelwa (IBS-C) kubantu abadala. Lesi simo sithinta izigidi zabantu futhi sibangela inhlanganisela yobuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, nobunzima bokuba nokunyakaza kwamathumbu okuvamile.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-tenapanor uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo kanye nokuqunjelwa okuthinta kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Umuthi usiza ikakhulukazi abantu abangatholanga ukukhululeka okwanele ngezinguquko zokudla, izithasiselo ze-fiber, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokuqala.

Njengamanje, i-tenapanor ayivunyelwe ezinye izinhlobo zokuqunjelwa noma izimo zokugaya ukudla. Yenzelwe ngqo inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezimpawu eziqhubeka ne-IBS-C, lapho ubuhlungu besisu nokuqunjelwa kwenzeka ndawonye.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Tenapanor?

I-Tenapanor isebenza ngokuvimba iziteshi ze-sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) emgqeni wakho wamathumbu. Lezi ziteshi ngokuvamile zisiza amathumbu akho ukuba amunce i-sodium namanzi ekudleni okudlayo.

Lapho i-tenapanor ivimba lezi ziteshi, i-sodium namanzi amancane abuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uketshezi oluningi luhlala emathunjini akho, okusiza ukuthambisa indle futhi kwenze ukuhamba kwamathumbu kube lula futhi kube lula.

Umuthi ubonakala futhi unciphisa ukuzwela kwemizwa odongeni lwakho lwamathumbu. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu besisu nokungakhululeki okuvame ukuhambisana ne-IBS-C. Umphumela ohlanganisiwe ubhekana nezici zokuqunjelwa nobuhlungu besimo.

I-Tenapanor ithathwa njengomuthi osebenza kahle ngendlela ephakathi nendawo ye-IBS-C. Nakuba ingase ingasebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, izifundo zemitholampilo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bathola ukuthuthuka okukhulu ezimpawini zabo kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa beqala ukwelashwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Tenapanor?

Thatha i-tenapanor ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayalela ngayo, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku ngaphambi nje kokudla. Umthamo ovamile ungu-50 mg othathwa cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kwesidlo sasekuseni nemizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa.

Ukuthatha i-tenapanor ngaphambi kokudla kusiza ukuthuthukisa indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Ungayithatha ngamanzi amancane, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi uyithathe ngobisi noma nganoma yiluphi uhlobo oluthile lokudla.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo kungakusiza ukuthi usungule le nqubo, ikakhulukazi uma uqala ukwelashwa.

Uma unenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezingasiza. Ungawachobozi noma uwaqhekeze amaphilisi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Tenapanor?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuqaphela ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu zabo ze-IBS-C phakathi kwamasonto ama-2 kuya kwama-4 ngemva kokuthatha i-tenapanor njalo. Nokho, abanye abantu bangase badinge amasonto angafika kwangu-8 ukuze bathole izinzuzo ezigcwele zomuthi.

Udkt wakho ngokuvamile uzofuna ukuhlola ukuthi i-tenapanor ikusebenzela kahle kangakanani ngemva kokuyithatha cishe amasonto ama-4 kuya kwangu-6. Lokhu kunikeza isikhathi esanele sokubona ukuthi umuthi unikeza yini ukukhululeka okukhulu ezimpawini zakho.

Uma i-tenapanor isiza izimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuqhubeka nokuyithatha uma nje isasebenza kahle futhi yamukeleka. Abanye abantu bayayithatha izinyanga noma iminyaka njengengxenye yohlelo lwabo lokuphatha i-IBS-C yesikhathi eside.

Isinqumo sokuthi uqhubeke isikhathi esingakanani i-tenapanor sincike ekuphenduleni kwakho ngakunye, kunoma yimaphi imiphumela emibi oyitholayo, kanye nemigomo yakho yokwelashwa iyonke. Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho kuzosiza ekunqumeni indlela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Tenapanor?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-tenapanor ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngokuvamile imnene futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uhlangabezane nayo, ukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi bayamukela i-tenapanor kahle:

• Ukuqunjelwa (lokhu kuwumphumela ovamile kakhulu)
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu noma igesi
• Isicanucanu
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqaqamba
• Isiyezi
• Ukukhipha umoya

Le miphumela emibi evamile ivame ukungabonakali ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala ukwelashwa. Uma ukuqunjelwa kuba kubi kakhulu noma kuqhubeka, xhumana nodokotela wakho, njengoba kungase kudingeke balungise umthamo wakho noma baphakamise izindlela zokulawula lo mphumela omubi.

Imiphumela engavamile kodwa ebucayi ingase yenzeke, nakuba ingavamile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu ngenxa yesifo sohudo esiqhubekayo, ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte, noma ukusabela komzimba ngaphandle. Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, izimpawu zokushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni njengokoma okukhulu noma isiyezi, noma yiziphi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngaphandle, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinguquko zemizwa noma ukukhathazeka, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile endleleni ozizwa ngayo ngokomzwelo, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ubani Ongafanele Athatha I-Tenapanor?

I-Tenapanor ayilungele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzoyicabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Izimo ezithile zezempilo nezimo zenza lo muthi ungafaneleki noma uyingozi.

Akufanele uthathe i-tenapanor uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, njengoba ukuphepha nokusebenza kwayo kungakahlolwa ezinganeni nakubantu abasha. Umuthi awunconyelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngenkathi uncelisa ngenxa yemininingwane yokuphepha elinganiselwe.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zokugaya ukudla kufanele bagweme i-tenapanor. Lokhu kubandakanya labo abanezifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo (njengesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis), isifo sesibindi esibi, noma umlando wokuvaleka kwamathumbu.

Uma unezinkinga zezinso, izimo zenhliziyo, noma uthatha imithi ethinta ukulingana kwama-electrolyte akho, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola ukuthi i-tenapanor iphephile yini kuwe. Umuthi ungathinta amazinga e-sodium, okungase kube yinkinga kubantu abanezimo ezinjalo.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo. Eminye imithi ingase isebenzisane ne-tenapanor noma yandise ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Tenapanor

I-Tenapanor itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Ibsrela e-United States. Leli okwamanje igama lomkhiqizo elilodwa lapho i-tenapanor imakethwa khona ekwelapheni i-IBS-C.

Ibsrela yenziwa yi-Ardelyx, inkampani eyenza i-tenapanor. Umuthi ungase utholakale ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene emakethe kwamanye amazwe, kodwa i-Ibsrela yigama ozolihlangabezana nalo emakhemisi ase-U.S.

Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-tenapanor azikatholakali okwamanje, njengoba umuthi usavikelwe ngamalungelo obunikazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Ibsrela okwamanje iyona kuphela inketho yokuthola i-tenapanor, engathinta izindleko zokwelashwa.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-Tenapanor

Eminye imithi eminingi ingelapha i-IBS-C uma i-tenapanor ingakulungele noma inganikezi ukukhululeka okwanele. Ngamunye usebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi angase afaneleke kakhulu ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho ezithile kanye nephrofayili yezempilo.

I-Linaclotide (Linzess) ngomunye umuthi kadokotela ovunyelwe ngokuqondile i-IBS-C. Isebenza ngokwenza kusebenze ama-receptors athile emathunjini akho ukuze andise ukukhishwa kwamanzi futhi anciphise izimpawu zobuhlungu. Abantu abaningi bayayithola isebenza kahle, nakuba ingabangela nohudo njengomphumela ongahle.

I-Lubiprostone (Amitiza) enye inketho esebenza ngokwandisa uketshezi emathunjini akho. Isekhona isikhathi eside kune-tenapanor futhi ineprofayili yokuphepha esunguliwe kahle, nakuba abanye abantu bezwa isicanucanu lapho beyithatha.

I-Plecanatide (Trulance) ngumuthi omusha osebenza ngendlela efana ne-linaclotide. Ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi embalwa kwabanye abantu, okuyenza ibe enye indlela enhle uma eminye imithi ibangela izimpawu ezingakhululekile.

Udkt wakho angase futhi ancome ukuqala ngezinketho ezingaphandle kwekhawunta njenge-polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX) noma imithi kadokotela efana ne-rifaximin (Xifaxan) ngezinhlobo ezithile zezimpawu ze-IBS.

Ingabe i-Tenapanor ingcono kune-Linaclotide?

Kokubili i-tenapanor ne-linaclotide ziyizindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ze-IBS-C, kodwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi zingase zifaneleke kangcono kubantu abahlukene. Akukho noyedwa ongcono kunomunye.

I-Tenapanor ingase ibangele isifo sohudo esingesibi kangako kune-linaclotide kwabanye abantu, okungaba yinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe uma ukhathazekile ngalo mphumela ongathandeki. Kodwa-ke, i-linaclotide isitholakala isikhathi eside futhi inokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi komtholampilo okuyisekelayo.

Abanye abantu basabela kangcono emuthini owodwa kunomunye, futhi ayikho indlela ethembekile yokubikezela ukuthi yini ezosebenza kangcono kuwe ngaphandle kokuzama. Udokotela wakho angase aqale ngomuthi owodwa bese eshintshela komunye uma ungatholi ukukhululeka okwanele noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela engathandeki ekhathazayo.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-tenapanor ne-linaclotide kuvame ukuncika kuphethini yakho yezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, ezinye izimo zempilo, nokuthi usabela kanjani emuthini ngamunye. Zombili zithathwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala okuphumelelayo kwe-IBS-C.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Tenapanor

Ingabe i-Tenapanor iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

I-Tenapanor ngokuvamile ithathwa njengephephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, njengoba ingawathinti kakhulu amazinga kashukela egazini. Umuthi usebenza endaweni emathunjini akho futhi awuphazamisi imithi yesifo sikashukela noma ukulawulwa kwe-glucose.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sikashukela futhi uhlangabezana nesifo sohudo esibi ngenkathi uthatha i-tenapanor, lokhu kungase kuthinte ukuphathwa kukashukela wakho wegazi. Qiniseka ukuthi uqapha ushukela wakho wegazi ngokucophelela futhi uhlale unamanzi uma uhlangabezana nalo mphumela ongathandeki.

Njalo yazisa udokotela wakho ukuthi unesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokuqala i-tenapanor, njengoba bengase bafune ukukuqapha eduze noma balungise uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela uma kudingeka.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa ngithatha i-Tenapanor eningi kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-tenapanor eningi kakhulu kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngokushesha ukuze uthole isiqondiso. Ukuthatha okuningi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela engathandeki, ikakhulukazi isifo sohudo esibi nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Ziqaphelele izimpawu ezinjengokuhuda okuqhubekayo, ukuqaqamba okukhulu kwesisu, isiyezi, noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni njengokoma okukhulu, umlomo owomile, noma ukuncipha komchamo. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ungazami ukuzama "ukulungisa" ukuthatha okuningi ngokweqa umthamo wakho olandelayo. Kunalokho, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi uzobuyela nini esimisweni sakho esijwayelekile sokulinganisa.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngeqa Umthamo We-Tenapanor?

Uma weqa umthamo we-tenapanor, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma kungaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa ngesikhathi obekufanele uyithathe ngaso. Uma sekuseduze nesikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo owuqophile futhi uqhubeke nesimiso sakho esijwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo owuqophile, njengoba lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Ukuthatha imithamo ephindwe kabili kungabangela ukuhuda okukhulu nezinye izimpawu ezingakhululeki.

Uma uvame ukukhohlwa imithamo, cabangela ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale emgwaqeni. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kusiza i-tenapanor ukuthi isebenze ngempumelelo kakhulu ezimpawini zakho ze-IBS-C.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Tenapanor?

Ngokuvamile ungaqeda ukuthatha i-tenapanor noma nini lapho wena nodokotela wakho ninquma ukuthi kufanelekile, njengoba umuthi ungabangeli ukuncika ngokomzimba. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zakho ze-IBS-C cishe zizobuya uma uyeka ukuyithatha.

Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuyeka i-tenapanor uma bengatholi ukukhululeka okwanele kwezimpawu ngemuva kokuyinika icala elifanele lamasonto angu-6 kuya kwangu-8. Abanye bangase bayeke ngenxa yemiphumela emibi engathuthuki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma i-tenapanor isiza izimpawu zakho, ungase ufune ukuqhubeka nokuyithatha isikhathi eside. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi lokhu kunengqondo yini esimweni sakho nokuthi ngabe ukuphumula ngezikhathi ezithile emuthini kungaba yinzuzo yini.

Ngingayithatha I-Tenapanor Neminye Imithi Ye-IBS?

Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuhlola eminye imithi ye-IBS oyithathayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphephile ukuyisebenzisa ne-tenapanor. Ezinye izinhlanganisela zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi noma zinciphise ukusebenza kahle kwanoma iyiphi imithi.

Ngokuvamile, i-tenapanor ingathathwa neminye imithi eminingi, okuhlanganisa izinciphisi ze-asidi, ama-antispasmodics, kanye nezinsiza eziningi zokugaya ukudla ezingathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha imithi eminingi ethinta ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yesifo sohudo.

Njalo nikeza udokotela wakho uhlu olugcwele lwazo zonke izidakamizwa, izithasiselo, kanye nemikhiqizo engathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela oyisebenzisayo. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi benze izincomo zokwelapha eziphephe kakhulu nezisebenzayo esimweni sakho esithile.