Yini i-Tuberculin (Indlela ye-Intradermal): Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Tuberculin iyisixazululo samaprotheni ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi umzimba wakho uke waba khona yini kumabhaktheriya e-tubherculosis (TB). Lolu vivinyo olulula lwesikhumba, olubuye lubizwe ngokuthi i-TB skin test noma i-TST, lusiza odokotela ukuthi bathole ukuthi ngabe uhlangane yini namagciwane e-TB, ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu.

Uvivinyo lusebenza ngokujova inani elincane lamaprotheni e-tuberculin ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Uma uke waba khona ku-TB, amasosha akho omzimba azowabona la maprotheni futhi enze ukusabela endaweni yokujova. Lokhu kusabela kuvela njengeqhubu eliphakanyisiwe, eliqinile elizolinganiswa ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Yini i-Tuberculin Esetshenziselwa Yona?

I-Tuberculin isebenza njethuluzi lokuxilonga ukuthola ukuchayeka ku-TB kubantu abangase babe sengozini. Udokotela wakho angase ancome lolu vivinyo uma uke waba seduze nomuntu one-TB esebenzayo, usebenza kwezempilo, noma uvela endaweni lapho i-TB ivamile.

Uvivinyo lubaluleke kakhulu ngoba i-TB ingahlala ifihliwe emzimbeni wakho iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu. Lolu hlobo olulalayo, olubizwa nge-latent TB, alukwenzi uzizwe ugula kodwa lungavuka kamuva futhi lube yisifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Ukuthola i-latent TB kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukwelashwa okuyivimbela ukuthi ingabi esebenzayo.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo nabo basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin ukuze bahlole njalo emisebenzini ethile, ngaphambi kokuqala imithi ebuthakathisa amasosha akho omzimba, noma njengengxenye yezivivinyo zezokwelapha zokufika. Uvivinyo lusiza ukudala isithombe esiphelele somlando wakho wokuchayeka ku-TB.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Tuberculin?

I-Tuberculin isebenza ngokubangela inkumbulo yamasosha akho omzimba yamabhaktheriya e-TB. Uma amaprotheni e-tuberculin ejovwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, asebenza njengesikhumbuzi esithambile kumasosha akho omzimba mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuchayeka ku-TB kwangaphambilini.

Uma amagciwane e-TB ake angena emzimbeni wakho, amasosha akho omzimba adala amaseli akhethekile ukuwakhumbula. Lawa maseli ememori aqaphela amaprotheni e-tuberculin futhi athumele amanye amaseli omzimba okuzivikela endaweni yokujova. Lokhu kudala ukuvuvukala okubonakala njengegquma eliphakeme, eliqinile esikhumbeni sakho.

Usayizi waleli gquma utshela udokotela wakho ngokuchayeka kwakho ku-TB. Ukusabela okukhulu kusikisela ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ahlangane namagciwane e-TB ngaphambili, kuyilapho ukusabela okuncane noma okungasekho ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi awukachayeki. Lokhu akuyona ukuhlolwa okuqinile noma okunonya - kumane nje kusebenzisa inkumbulo yemvelo yomzimba wakho yokuzivikela.

Ngingayithatha Kanjani I-Tuberculin?

Awuthathi i-tuberculin njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Kunalokho, umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo oqeqeshiwe uyayijova ngqo esikhumbeni sengalo yakho usebenzisa inaliti enhle kakhulu.

Ukujova kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi kuzizwa njengokucindezela okuncane. Umhlinzeki wakho uzoqala ahlanze indawo yokujova ngotshwala, bese ejova ngqo u-0.1 mL wesixazululo se-tuberculin ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba sakho. Lokhu kudala igquma elincane, eliphaphathekayo elibukeka njengokulunywa yimiyane.

Akudingeki ukuthi uzilungiselele lolu vivinyo ngokuzila ukudla noma ukugwema ukudla okuthile. Kodwa-ke, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho ngemithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta amasosha akho omzimba. Ngemuva kokujova, ungadla ngokujwayelekile futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenzeka ngemuva kokujova. Kufanele ubuyele kumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo phakathi kwamahora angama-48 kuya kwangama-72 ukuze bakwazi ukufunda imiphumela ngokukala noma yikuphi ukusabela endaweni yokujova.

Ngingayithatha Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Tuberculin?

I-Tuberculin inikezwa njengomjovo owodwa, hhayi njengokwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Uthola umthamo owodwa, bese ubuyela ekufundeni imiphumela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3.

Isikhathi sokuhlolwa silula: ukujova ngosuku lokuqala, bese kuba nokuqokwa okulandelayo emahoreni angama-48 kuya kwangama-72 kamuva. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqaphela noma yikuphi ukusabela ngalesi sikhathi ngoba impendulo yomzimba ivamise ukuba phezulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuphindwa kokuhlolwa ezimweni ezithile. Uma uqala umsebenzi kwezempilo noma usebenzisa imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwe-TB ngezikhathi ezithile. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa ngakunye kusajova okukodwa okulandelwa ukufundwa okukodwa.

Yini Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Tuberculin?

Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emincane kuphela eceleni evela ekuhlolweni kwe-tuberculin. Indawo yokujova ingase izizwe ibuhlungu kancane, ifane nokujova okuvamile, futhi lokhu kungakhululeki kuvame ukunyamalala ngosuku olulodwa.

Ukusabela okuvamile okutholwa abantu abaningi kufaka phakathi:

• Ubuhlungu obuncane noma ukuzwela endaweni yokujova
• Ukubomvu okuncane endaweni yokujova
• Ibhampa elincane, eliqinile elingase lilume kancane
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane okuzizwa kufudumele uma kuthintwa

Lezi zindlela zokuphendula empeleni ziyingxenye yendlela ukuhlolwa okusebenza ngayo futhi zisiza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi anqume imiphumela yakho.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile kodwa ingenzeka. Kufanele uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uthola ukuvuvukala okukhulu okudlulela ngaphandle kwendawo yokujova, ubuhlungu obukhulu obungathuthuki ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela, noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka njengobomvu obukhanyayo noma imigqa ebomvu.

Ngezikhathi ezingavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela komzimba ku-tuberculin. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka okusabalale kabanzi, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho, izindebe, noma umphimbo. Uma uthola lezi zimpawu, funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Abantu abake baba nesifo se-TB ngaphambili noma abaye bachayeka izikhathi eziningi bangase babe nokusabela okuqinile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ukuvela kwamabhamuza, noma ukulimala endaweni yokuhlolwa. Ngenkathi kungakhululeki, lezi zindlela zokuphendula zinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngomlando wakho wokuchayeka ku-TB.

Obani okungafanele bathathe i-Tuberculin?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tuberculin akulungelwe wonke umuntu. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobukeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze anqume ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuphephile futhi kuyasiza yini kuwe.

Kufanele ukugweme ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba se-TB kwangaphambilini. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zesikhumba endaweni yokujova, njenge-eczema noma ukusha, bangase badinge ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isikhumba sabo selulama ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulibazisa ukuhlolwa uma usanda kuthola imithi yokugoma ethile. Imithi yokugoma ephilayo efana ne-measles, mumps, rubella, noma i-chickenpox ingase ithinte okwesikhashana ukusabela komzimba wakho ekuhlolweni kwe-tuberculin. Ukulinda amasonto angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ngemuva kwale mithi yokugoma kuqinisekisa imiphumela enembile.

Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka kakhulu bangase bangasabeli ngendlela ejwayelekile ku-tuberculin, ngisho noma beke bavezwa yi-TB. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abane-HIV, labo abathola i-chemotherapy, noma abantu abathatha imithamo ephezulu yemithi ye-steroid. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-TB kulezi zimo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola ngokuphepha ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin. Ukuhlolwa akulimazi ingane ekhulayo, futhi ukuchayeka ku-TB ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kanye nokwelashwa okungase kube khona ukuvikela umama nengane.

Amagama e-Brand e-Tuberculin

I-Tuberculin itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana e-brand, i-Tubersol iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States. Le nto ekhishwe amaprotheni ahlanzekile (PPD) iqukethe amaprotheni afanayo e-tuberculin asebenzayo kungakhathaliseki igama le-brand.

Amanye amagama e-brand afaka i-Aplisol, nakuba ukutholakala kungase kuhluke ngokuya ngendawo kanye nesikhungo sezempilo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenzisa noma yimuphi umkhiqizo we-tuberculin ovunyelwe yi-FDA otholakala emtholampilo noma esibhedlela sabo.

Yonke imikhiqizo ye-tuberculin evunyelwe isebenza ngendlela efanayo futhi inikeza imiphumela ethembekile ngokulinganayo. Ukukhetha i-brand ngokuvamile kuncike kulokho isikhungo sakho sezempilo esikugcinayo kunokuthi yikuphi okuthandwa kwezokwelapha.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Tuberculin

Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin kusaqhubeka kusetshenziswa kakhulu, izivivinyo zegazi ezintsha ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) zinikeza enye indlela yokuhlola i-TB. Lezi zivivinyo, ezihlanganisa i-QuantiFERON-Gold, zidinga ukudonswa kwegazi okukodwa kuphela futhi azidingi ukuvakashelwa okwesibili.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingaba usizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abathole umgomo we-BCG, ongabangela imiphumela engamanga emihle ezivivinyweni zesikhumba. Ama-IGRA nawo awusizo kubantu abanobunzima bokubuyela ukuzofunda imiphumela noma labo abanezimo zesikhumba ezenza kube nzima ukufunda ukusabela kwe-tuberculin.

Ama-X-ray esifuba agcwalisa kokubili izivivinyo zesikhumba nezivivinyo zegazi ngokubheka izimpawu zesifo se-TB esisebenzayo emaphashini akho. Kodwa-ke, ama-X-ray kuphela awanakwazi ukuthola ukutheleleka kwe-TB okufihliwe, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin noma izivivinyo zegazi zisaqhubeka ziyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoncoma indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezici eziyingozi zokuchayeka ku-TB.

Ingabe i-Tuberculin ingcono kune-QuantiFERON-Gold?

Kokubili izivivinyo zesikhumba se-tuberculin nezivivinyo zegazi ze-QuantiFERON-Gold zithola ngempumelelo ukuchayeka ku-TB, kodwa ngasinye sinamathuba ahlukile ngokuya ngezimo zakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tuberculin kubiza kancane futhi kuyatholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni jikelele. Ineminyaka eminingi yocwaningo olusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi inikeza imiphumela ethembekile kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, idinga ukuvakashelwa kabili futhi ingathinteka ngomgomo we-BCG wangaphambilini.

I-QuantiFERON-Gold idinga ukuvakashelwa kanye kuphela futhi ayithintwa ngumgomo we-BCG, okwenza ilungele abantu abazalelwe emazweni lapho i-BCG inikezwa khona njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi kusebenza kahle kubantu abanezimo zesikhumba noma labo abanobunzima bokubuyela ekuqokweni okulandelayo.

Akukho kulawa mavivinyo okungcono ngokuqinisekile kunamanye. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela umlando wakho wokugoma, ikhono lokubuyela ukuze kulandelwe, nezinye izinto lapho ekhetha ukuhlolwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Tuberculin

Ingabe i-Tuberculin iphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin kuvamile ukuthi kuphephe kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Umjovo omncane awuthinti ngokuphawulekayo amazinga kashukela egazini, futhi isifo sikashukela asiphazamisi ukunemba kokuhlolwa.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babe nokuphola okuncane kancane endaweni yokujova. Gcina indawo ihlanzekile futhi yomile, futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka. Uma uqaphela ukubomvu okungavamile, ukufudumala, noma ukugeleza, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Ngingenzani uma ngimanzi ngengozi endaweni yokujova?

Ukwenza indawo yokujova ibe manzi ngeke kucekele phansi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa. Ungashawa, ugeze izandla zakho, futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi ejwayelekile ngemva kokuthola i-tuberculin.

Kodwa-ke, gwema ukukhuhla noma ukucasula indawo yokujova. Yome ngobumnene uma imanzi, futhi ungafaki ama-lotion, ama-creams, noma amabhandishi ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngqo ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa i-aphoyintimenti yami yokulandela?

Uma uphuthelwa i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokulandela amahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Bangase bakwazi ukufunda imiphumela yakho uma uliphuzile kancane.

Kodwa-ke, uma sekudlule isikhathi esiningi, ukusabela kungase kuphele, okwenza imiphumela ingathembeki. Kulokhu, cishe uzodinga ukuphinda lonke ukuhlolwa ngomjovo omusha nesikhathi esifanele sokulandela.

Ngingayeka nini ukukhathazeka nge-TB ngemva kokuhlolwa okungalungile?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin okungalungile kusho ukuthi cishe awuzange uveze amagciwane e-TB. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kubonisa umlando wakho wokuchayeka kuze kube yisikhathi sokuhlolwa, hhayi ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ungathuthukisa ukuchayeka ku-TB ngemva kokuhlolwa uma uhlangana nomuntu one-TB esebenzayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoncoma izikhawu zokuhlolwa okuphindwayo ngokusekelwe ezingozini zakho eziqhubekayo, njengomsebenzi wakho, indawo ohlala kuyo, noma izimo zempilo.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivivinya ngemva kokuthola i-Tuberculin?

Yebo, ungaqeqesha futhi uhlanganyele emisebenzini ejwayelekile yomzimba ngemva kokuthola i-tuberculin. Umjovo ngeke uthinte amazinga akho wamandla noma ukusebenza komzimba.

Vele ube mnene endaweni yokujova. Gwema ukuhlikihla ngokweqile noma ukucindezela engalweni yakho ngesikhathi sokuzivivinya, futhi geza ngemva kwalokho ngenkathi usula indawo yomile.