Yini i-Valganciclovir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Valganciclovir iyikhambi elilwa namagciwane elisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe nezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa yi-cytomegalovirus (CMV). Lo muthi usebenza ngokuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphindi emzimbeni wakho, unikeze amasosha akho omzimba ithuba elingcono lokulawula lesi sifo. Ivame ukunqunywa kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Yini i-Valganciclovir?

I-Valganciclovir iyikhambi elilwa namagciwane elinikezwa ngudokotela elingelika-class lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-nucleoside analogues. Cabanga ngayo njengethuluzi elenzelwe ngokukhethekile eliphazamisa indlela amagciwane azikopisha ngayo. Uma uthatha i-valganciclovir, umzimba wakho uyiguqula ibe enye into elwa namagciwane ebizwa ngokuthi i-ganciclovir, eyenza umsebenzi wangempela wokulwa nesifo.

Lo muthi usebenza kahle ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-cytomegalovirus, igciwane elivamile elivame ukungabangeli izinkinga kubantu abanempilo kodwa lingaba yingozi kulabo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka. Ungase futhi uzwe libizwa ngegama lalo lomkhiqizo, i-Valcyte, nakuba izinhlobo ezivamile zitholakala.

Isetshenziselwani i-Valganciclovir?

I-Valganciclovir isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha nokuvimbela izifo ze-cytomegalovirus (CMV) kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezingasebenzi ngamandla aphelele. Udokotela wakho angase akunqumele lo muthi uma uke wathola ukufakelwa kwesitho, uphila ne-HIV, noma unesinye isimo esithinta uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi ukwelapha i-CMV retinitis, okuyisifo samehlo esingabangela izinkinga zombono noma ubumfama uma singelashwa. Isetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela izifo ze-CMV kubantu abathole izinso, inhliziyo, noma ezinye izitho, ngoba laba bantu bagwinya imithi ecindezela amasosha abo omzimba ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kwesitho.

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela banikeza i-valganciclovir kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane lapho benquma ukuthi iyona engcono kakhulu yokwelapha isimo sakho esithile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela umlando wakho wezokwelapha, isimo sakho samanje sempilo, kanye nohlobo lokutheleleka onalo lapho enquma ukuthi lo muthi ukufanele yini.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Valganciclovir?

I-Valganciclovir isebenza ngokukhohlisa amagciwane ukuthi ayisebenzise njengesakhi lapho ezama ukuzala. Uma isingaphakathi kwamaseli anegciwane, umzimba wakho uguqula i-valganciclovir ibe yifomu layo elisebenzayo, i-ganciclovir, ebe isifakwa ezintweni zofuzo zegciwane. Le nqubo empeleni iphula ikhono legciwane lokuzenzela amakhophi alo.

Lo muthi ubhekwa njengomuthi oqinile ngokulinganisela phakathi kwemithi elwa namagciwane. Inamandla kunezinye izinto ezilwa namagciwane ezivamile ongase uzazi, kodwa yakhelwe ngqo ukuthi iqondise izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane kunokuba ibe yindlela yokwelapha ebanzi. Indlela eqondiwe isho ukuthi ingasebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-CMV ngenkathi inethonya elincane kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Inqubo yokuguqulwa eyenzeka emzimbeni wakho iqili kakhulu. I-Valganciclovir empeleni iyi-

Ngokuvamile uzothatha lo muthi kanye noma kabili ngosuku, kuye ngokuthi uqeda ukutheleleka okusebenzayo noma ukuvimbela okuthile. Uma uqeda ukutheleleka, ungaqala ngomthamo ophezulu othathwa kabili ngosuku, bese uya emthamweni wokugcina ophansi. Ukuvimbela, umthamo uvame ukuba ngaphansi futhi uthathwe kanye ngosuku.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Uma uwuthatha kabili ngosuku, hlukanisa imithamo ngamahora angaba ngu-12. Ungagayi, uhlafune, noma uphule amaphilisi, ngoba lokhu kungathinta indlela umuthi okhululwa ngayo emzimbeni wakho.

Phatha amaphilisi ngokucophelela futhi ugeze izandla zakho ngemva kokuwathinta. Umuthi ungangena esikhumbeni sakho, ngakho kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo namaphilisi aphukile noma agayiwe. Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, qaphela kakhulu lapho uphatha lo muthi.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Valganciclovir?

Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho buxhomeke kulokho okuthatha i-valganciclovir ngakho nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani emuthini. Ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwe-CMV okusebenzayo, ungawuthatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni eziningana kuze kube yilapho ukutheleleka kulawulwa. Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kungahlala isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga eziningi noma iminyaka.

Uma uwuthatha ukuze uqede i-CMV retinitis, ngokuvamile uzoqala ngesigaba sokungeniswa esihlala amasonto angu-2-3 ngemithamo ephezulu, kulandelwe isigaba sokugcinwa ngemithamo ephansi eqhubeka isikhathi eside. Kubantu abathole ukufakelwa, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kuvame ukuqala ngaphambi noma ngemva nje kokufakelwa futhi kuqhubeke izinyanga eziningana ngenkathi amasosha akho omzimba esengozini enkulu.

Udaktela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo uma welashwa ngezifo zamehlo. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinto nemizwa yakho, bazolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuthatha lo muthi isikhathi eside, kanti abanye bangase baqede ukwelashwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-valganciclovir ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi libe semsebenzini futhi mhlawumbe likwazi ukumelana nomuthi.

Yini Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Valganciclovir?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-valganciclovir ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ivamise ukulawuleka futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi ongase uyithole, iqala ngaleyo evame kakhulu:

• Ukucasuka kwesisu nokuhlanza, okuvame ukuthuthuka uma kuthathwa nokudla
• Ukuqunjelwa noma izitulo ezixekile
• Ikhanda
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokungavamile
• Umkhuhlane
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Isiyezi

Abanye abantu bangase bathole imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Le miphumela engavamile kodwa engaba yingozi ihlanganisa izinguquko ekubalweni kwamaseli egazi, okuzoqashwa udokotela wakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi njalo. Ungase uqaphele ukulimala okungavamile, ukuphuma kwegazi, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane oqhubekayo noma umphimbo obuhlungu.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína ingathinta izinso zakho, uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, noma ibangele ukusabela okukhulu komzimba. Qaphela izimpawu ezinjengokushintsha ekuchameni, ukudideka, ukuquleka, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.

Imiphumela eminingi emibi ihlobene nomthamo, okusho ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi avele ngemithamo ephezulu. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola ukulinganisela okulungile phakathi kokulawula ukutheleleka kwakho nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Valganciclovir?

I-Valganciclovir ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Abantu abanomzimba ongavamile ku-valganciclovir, ganciclovir, noma imithi efanayo elwa namagciwane akufanele bayithathe le mithi.

Uma unomsebenzi wezinso okhubazeke kakhulu, le mithi kungenzeka ingakulungele, njengoba izinso zakho zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuyisusa emzimbeni wakho. Abantu abanamanani amancane kakhulu amaseli egazi kungenzeka futhi badinga ukugwema i-valganciclovir noma bayisebenzise ngokuqapha okukhulu, njengoba inganciphisa lezi zibalo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuvamile kufanele bagweme le mithi ngaphandle kwalapho izinzuzo ezingaba khona ziqeda ubungozi. Le mithi ingalimaza izingane ezisakhula futhi ingase ithinte inzalo kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane. Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa, xoxa ngalezi zinto ezikhathazayo nodokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

Abantu abathatha eminye imithi ethile kungenzeka badinga ukulungiswa komthamo noma akufanele bathathe i-valganciclovir nhlobo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa eminye imithi ye-HIV, ama-immunosuppressants, neminye imithi elwa namagciwane. Hlala utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, izithasiselo, nemikhiqizo yezitshalo oyithathayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Valganciclovir

Igama lomkhiqizo elaziwa kakhulu le-valganciclovir yi-Valcyte, ekhiqizwa yi-Genentech. Lona kwakuwumkhiqizo wokuqala lapho imithi iqala ukutholakala, futhi isaqhubeka nokunqunywa kabanzi namuhla.

Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-valganciclovir manje sezitholakala ezinkampanini ezihlukahlukene zemithi, okwenza imithi ifinyeleleke kalula ezigulini eziningi. Lezi zinhlobo ezivamile ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengohlobo lomkhiqizo.

Noma ngabe uthola uhlobo lomkhiqizo noma oluvamile ngokuvamile kuncike ekuhlinzekweni komshuwalense wakho, ekhemisi, kanye nokukhetha kukadokotela. Zombili izinhlobo zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, ngakho ungakhathazeki uma ushintshwa ukusuka kolunye ukuya kolunye - vele uqiniseke ukuthi uyayithatha ngendlela eqondile njengoba kunqunyiwe.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha ze-Valganciclovir

Imithi eminingi ehlukile ingelapha izifo ze-CMV, nakuba ukukhetha okungcono kuncike esimweni sakho esithile kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. I-Ganciclovir, uhlobo olusebenzayo lwe-valganciclovir, luyatholakala njengomuthi ongeniswa ngemithambo yegazi kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo noma abadinga ukwelashwa okujulile.

I-Foscarnet enye inketho yokulwa namagciwane esebenza ngendlela ehlukile ku-valganciclovir futhi ingasetshenziswa lapho ukumelana kuvela noma lapho i-valganciclovir ingafaneleki. I-Cidofovir ayisetshenziswa kakhulu kodwa ingasebenza ezimweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzanga.

Ngokuqondile i-CMV retinitis, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa imijovo ye-intravitreal, lapho umuthi ufakwa ngqo esweni. Le ndlela ingasebenza ngenkathi kungenzeka ukuthi inciphisa eminye yemiphumela emibi ehambisana nemithi yomlomo.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengomsebenzi wakho wezinso, eminye imithi oyithathayo, kanye nobukhulu besifo sakho lapho ekhetha inketho yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe. Ngamunye ngamunye unezinzuzo zawo kanye nezingozi, ngakho izinqumo zokwelapha kufanele zihlale zenziwa ngabanye.

Ingabe i-Valganciclovir Ingcono Kune-Ganciclovir?

I-Valganciclovir inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwe-ganciclovir, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokulula nokumuncwa. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi i-valganciclovir ingathathwa ngomlomo, kuyilapho i-ganciclovir ngokuvamile idinga ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi, okudinga ukuvakashelwa esibhedlela noma ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi ekhaya.

Uma uthatha i-valganciclovir ngomlomo, umzimba wakho uyayimunca kangcono kakhulu kuneganciclovir yomlomo, uzuze amazinga egazi afana nalawa ongawathola ku-IV ganciclovir. Lokhu kwenza i-valganciclovir ibe yinto engokoqobo kakhulu ekwelapheni isikhathi eside nokuvimbela izifo ze-CMV.

Isici sokulula sibalulekile ezigulini eziningi. Ukuthatha iphilisi ekhaya kulula kakhulu kunokuhlela ukwelashwa kwe-IV okuvamile, futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine umkhuba wansuku zonke ovamile. Le khwalithi yempilo ethuthukisiwe ingabaluleka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho i-IV ganciclovir ingase isathandwa, njengokuthi uma othile engakwazi ukugcina imithi yomlomo ngenxa yesicanucanu esibi noma ukuhlanza. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi ifomu elingcono kakhulu ezimweni zakho ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Valganciclovir

Ingabe i-Valganciclovir iphephile Kubantu Abanezifo Zezinso?

I-Valganciclovir idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso, njengoba izinso zakho zibhekele ukukhipha imithi emzimbeni wakho. Uma ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kuncishisiwe, umuthi ungenza amazinga angaba yingozi.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzolungisa umthamo wakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso zakho. Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwezinso okuncane kuya kokulingene bangakwazi ukuthatha i-valganciclovir ngokuphepha ngokulungiswa komthamo okufanele. Nokho, uma unezifo ezinzima zezinso, lo muthi kungenzeka awukufanele.

Ukuqapha njalo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imithi ihlala emazingeni aphephile emzimbeni wakho. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza eduze nawe ukuze lilungele ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokuphepha kwezinso.

Ngingenzani Uma Ngenze Iphutha Ngathatha I-Valganciclovir Eningi Kakhulu?

Uma ngabe uthathe i-valganciclovir eningi ngengozi kunaleyo oyalelwe yona, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Ukuthatha okuningi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi ethinta amaseli egazi nezinso zakho.

Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngqo yisazi sezempilo. Gcina umkhondo wokuthi uthathe umuthi ongakanani ngaphezulu nokuthi uwuthathe nini, ngoba lolu lwazi luzosiza ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuthi banqume ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe.

Izimpawu zokweqisa zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukuhlanza, noma ukukhathala okungavamile, kodwa kungenzeka zingaveli ngokushesha. Ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha kubalulekile ngisho noma ungazizwa izimpawu okwamanje.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Valganciclovir?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthatha ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo ophuthelwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile. Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo ophuthelwe.

Uma uthatha i-valganciclovir kabili ngosuku futhi uphuthelwa umthamo wasekuseni, ungawuthatha kuze kube amahora angu-6 sekwephuzile. Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-6, linda umthamo wakho wakusihlwa. Ngomthamo kanye ngosuku, ungafaka umthamo ophuthelwe kuze kube amahora angu-12 sekwephuzile.

Zama ukugcina isikhathi esifanayo nemithamo yakho ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthatha imithi yakho njalo.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Valganciclovir?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-valganciclovir ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono kakhulu. Ukuyeka ngokushesha kungavumela igciwane ukuthi libe semsebenzini futhi mhlawumbe lithuthukise ukumelana nomuthi.

Udktela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuyeka ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamehlo uma une-retinitis, kanye nesimo sakho sempilo esiphelele. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuthatha lo muthi izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokulungisa umthamo wakho noma ukushintshela emuthini ohlukile kunokuyeka kungazelelwe. Kukhona izindlela eziningi zokuphatha imiphumela emibi ngenkathi kuqhubeka ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Valganciclovir?

Ngenkathi kungekho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwe-valganciclovir notshwala, ngokuvamile kungcono ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi. Kokubili utshwala ne-valganciclovir kungathinta isibindi nezinso zakho, ngakho ukuzihlanganisa kungase kwandise ingozi yemiphumela emibi.

Utshwala bungase futhi buthakathise amasosha akho omzimba, okungafaneleki uma usuvele ubhekene nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Uma ukhetha ukuphuza, kwenze ngokulinganisela futhi unake indlela ozizwa ngayo.

Xoxa ngokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala ngobuqotho nodokotela wakho, njengoba bengakunikeza iseluleko esiqondene nawe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sempilo esithile nesizathu sokuthi uthatha i-valganciclovir.