Yini i-Valrubicin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

I-Valrubicin iyisidakamizwa esikhethekile se-chemotherapy esenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha umdlavuza womchamo. Ngokungafani nemithi eminingi yomdlavuza ehamba ngomjikelezo wegazi lakho, lo muthi usebenza ngqo ngaphakathi emchameni wakho ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-intravesical therapy, lapho umuthi ulethwa khona ngqo lapho udingeka kakhulu.

Uma wena noma othile omkhathalelayo ebhekene nomdlavuza womchamo, ukufunda nge-valrubicin kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke futhi unolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nale ndlela yokwelapha. Lo muthi umelela indlela eqondiwe egxila ekwelapheni ngqo lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakala khona.

Yini i-Valrubicin?

I-Valrubicin iyisidakamizwa se-anthracycline chemotherapy esingesona esomndeni wemithi eyaqala ukutholakala emabhaktheriya athile. Yenziwe ngqo ukwelapha umdlavuza womchamo ngokubekwa ngqo emchameni ngesikhathi se-catheter, kunokuba inikezwe nge-IV njengokwelashwa komdlavuza okuningi.

Lo muthi yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-

Lo muthi wenzelwe ngqo iziguli ezinomdlavuza wesinye esagcinwe ngaphakathi emgqeni wangaphakathi wesinye futhi ongakaze usabalale ezingxenyeni ezijule noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Udokotela wakho uzobe ekufakazele lokhu ngezivivinyo ezihlukahlukene nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuncoma i-valrubicin.

Umgomo wokwelashwa nge-valrubicin ukususa amaseli omdlavuza ngenkathi kugcinwa umsebenzi wesinye sakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba okunye ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye ongamelani ne-BCG kuvame ukuhlinzwa ukususwa kwesinye, okuthinta kakhulu izinga lempilo.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Valrubicin?

I-Valrubicin isebenza ngokuhlasela ngqo i-DNA yamaseli omdlavuza, iwavimbela ukuthi azale futhi ekugcineni iwabangele ukuthi afe. Lapho umuthi ufakwa esinyeni sakho, uthintana ngqo namaseli omdlavuza alayini udonga lwesinye.

Lo muthi ungena ngaphakathi kumaseli omdlavuza futhi uphazamisa inqubo yawo yokukhiqiza i-DNA. Lokhu kuphazamisa kuvimbela amaseli omdlavuza ukuthi ahlukane futhi akhule, kuyilapho amaseli esinye anempilo ngokuvamile ekwazi kangcono ukulungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo odalwe ngumuthi.

Njenge-ejenti ye-chemotherapy, i-valrubicin ithathwa njengeqinile ngokulinganisela, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ihanjiswa ngqo esinyeni esikhundleni sokuthi idlule emithanjeni yakho yegazi, imiphumela yayo igxilwe lapho idingeka kakhulu. Le ndlela eqondiwe ivumela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngenkathi kunciphisa imithelela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Valrubicin?

I-Valrubicin inikezwa yithimba lakho lezempilo endaweni yezokwelapha, hhayi ekhaya. Umuthi unikezwa nge-catheter efakwa esinyeni sakho nge-urethra yakho, ngendlela efana nokuthi i-catheter yomchamo ibekwa kanjani.

Ngaphambi kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhiphe umchamo wakho ngokuphelele. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobe esefaka ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elibizwa nge-catheter ngomgudu wakho womchamo nangaphakathi esinyeni sakho. Isixazululo se-valrubicin sizobe sesifakwa kancane ngale catheter.

Lapho imithi isesinyeni sakho, kuzodingeka ukuthi uyigcine cishe amahora amabili. Ngesikhathi lesi, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ushintshe izikhundla ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze usize ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi ifinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcwalisa isinye sakho. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokugcinwa, uzokwazi ukuchama ngokujwayelekile ukuze ukhiphe imithi esinyeni sakho.

Akukho imikhawulo ethile yokudla ngaphambi kokwelashwa, kodwa kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha uketshezi. Ezinye iziguli zithola ukuthi kuyasiza ukunciphisa uketshezi amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ukuze kwenze kube lula ukugcina imithi esinyeni.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Valrubicin?

Inkambo ejwayelekile yokwelashwa nge-valrubicin iqukethe ukufakwa kwamasonto onke ayisithupha ezingxenyeni eziyisithupha. Lolu hlelo luye lwahlolisiswa ngokucophelela futhi lwenzelwe ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithi ngenkathi kunciphisa imiphumela emibi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusabela kwakho ekwelashweni ngokuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela kanye nokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-cystoscopy (ukubheka ngaphakathi esinyeni sakho ngekhamera encane) kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo ukuze kuhlolwe amaseli omdlavuza.

Ngemva kokuqeda inkambo yokuqala yamasonto ayisithupha, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenze kahle kangakanani. Ezinye iziguli zingase zidinge ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma izindlela ezihlukene ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwazo ngazinye. Isinqumo sokuthi ngabe uzoqhubeka, uguqule, noma ushintshe uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzokwenziwa ngokubambisana phakathi kwakho nethimba lakho lezokwelapha.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Ye-Valrubicin?

Imiphumela eminingi engemihle evela ku-valrubicin ihlobene nokucasuka kwesitho somchamo, ngoba yilapho umuthi ulethwa khona. Le miphumela ngokuvamile iyalawuleka futhi yesikhashana, nakuba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Imiphumela engemihle evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa izimpawu zokucasuka kwesitho somchamo ezingazizwa zingakhululekile kakhulu kodwa ngokuvamile ziyalawuleka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo:

• Ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama
• Ukuvama ukuchama noma ukuzwa sengathi udinga ukuchama kaningi
• Ukuphuthuma ukuchama
• Igazi emchameni wakho (i-hematuria)
• Ubuhlungu besitho somchamo noma ukungakhululeki
• Ubuhlungu besinqe

Lezi zimpawu ezihlobene nesitho somchamo ngokuvamile zivela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa futhi zingaqhubeka izinsuku eziningana. Iziguli eziningi zithola ukuthi le miphumela iba lula ukuyilawula njengoba umzimba wazo ujwayela ukwelashwa.

Imiphumela engemihle engavamile kodwa engenzeka ihlanganisa ukukhathala, isicanucanu, noma ukungakhululeki okuncane kwesisu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-valrubicin ilethwa ngqo esithweni somchamo, mancane amathuba okuthi uzwe imiphumela esemzimbeni evamile nge-intravenous chemotherapy.

Imiphumela engemihle engavamile kodwa ebucayi ingahlanganisa ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwesitho somchamo, ukopha okukhulu, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukungakwazi ukuchama, noma ukopha okukhulu.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Valrubicin?

I-Valrubicin ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi ingabe iyona ndlela efanele esimweni sakho esithile. Ezinye izimo noma izimo zingenza lokhu kwelashwa kungafaneleki noma kudingeke ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile.

Akufanele uthole i-valrubicin uma unesitho somchamo esigqobhoziwe noma uma kukhona ukuqhekeka emgqeni wesitho somchamo okungavumela umuthi ukuthi ugeleze ezicutshini eziqhamukayo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola lokhu ngokusebenzisa izifundo zokucabanga nokuhlolwa.

Abantu abanezifo zokutheleleka ngamathambo omchamo asebenzayo kufanele balinde kuze kube yilapho ukutheleleka kuqediwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa nge-valrubicin. Umuthi ungenza ukutheleleka kube kubi kakhulu noma kwenze kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukuqeda ukutheleleka.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, i-valrubicin ayinconyelwe ngoba ingalimaza ingane yakho. Abesifazane abaneminyaka yokuzala kufanele basebenzise izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kanye nangezinyanga eziningana ngemva kwalokho.

Iziguli ezinamathuba amakhulu ezinso noma izimo ezithile zenhliziyo zingadinga ukuqashwa okukhethekile noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi i-valrubicin iphephile kuwe.

Igama Lomkhiqizo we-Valrubicin

I-Valrubicin itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Valstar e-United States. Lolu wukuphela komkhiqizo we-valrubicin ovunyelwe yi-FDA njengamanje ongatholakala ukuze usetshenziswe ngaphakathi.

I-Valstar iza njengesixazululo esingenazo izinto ezingcolile esenzelwe ngqo ukufakwa emchameni. Umuthi ulungiswa futhi unikezwe ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezikhungweni zezokwelapha.

Lapho kuxoxwa ngokwelashwa kwakho nezinkampani zomshuwalense noma ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti, ungase uzwe abahlinzeki bezempilo bekhuluma ngegama elithi "valrubicin" noma "Valstar" - bangumuthi ofanayo.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Valrubicin

Uma i-valrubicin ingakulungele noma inganikezi imiphumela oyifunayo, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zomdlavuza womchamo ongamelana ne-BCG. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ekunqumeni inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ezinye izinketho ze-chemotherapy yangaphakathi zihlanganisa i-mitomycin C, esebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-valrubicin kodwa futhi ihanjiswa ngqo emchameni. Ezinye iziguli zingase zibe ngabazongenela ukwelashwa okusha kwe-immunotherapy okusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi alwe nomdlavuza.

Ezimweni ezinzima noma lapho ukwelashwa okungaphakathi kwe-vesical kungasebenzi, izinketho zokuhlinzwa zingase zicatshangelwe. Lokhu kungahluka kusukela ezinqubweni ezinzulu ze-bladder kuya ekususweni okuphelele kwe-bladder (cystectomy) nokwakhiwa kabusha.

Izivivinyo zomtholampilo nazo zingase zitholakale zokwelashwa okungokwesikhashana. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist angakusiza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ngabe yiziphi izifundo zocwaningo ezingase zifanele isimo sakho.

Ingabe i-Valrubicin ingcono kune-Mitomycin C?

Kokubili i-valrubicin ne-mitomycin C ziyizinketho eziphumelelayo ze-chemotherapy ye-intravesical, kodwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi zingase zifaneleke kangcono ezimweni ezihlukene. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kuncike ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lomdlavuza we-bladder kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye.

I-Valrubicin igunyazwe ngokuqondile i-BCG-resistant carcinoma in situ, kuyilapho i-mitomycin C ivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezihlukene zomdlavuza we-bladder noma njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala ezimweni ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici ezinjengohlobo lwakho lomdlavuza, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, nempilo yonke lapho enza lesi sinqumo.

Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi i-valrubicin ingase isebenze kangcono ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza we-bladder, kuyilapho i-mitomycin C ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi embalwa kwabanye abantu. Ukukhetha

I-Valrubicin ngokuvamile ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo ngoba ihanjiswa ngqo esinyeni kunokuba ngegazi. Nokho, udokotela wakho wenhliziyo kanye nodokotela we-oncologist kuzodingeka basebenzisane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifanele isimo sakho senhliziyo esithile.

Ngokungafani nama-anthracyclines e-intravenous, angadala izinkinga zenhliziyo, i-valrubicin inokumuncwa okuncane egazini lakho uma isetshenziswa njengoba kuqondisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yemiphumela emibi ehlobene nenhliziyo.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi lingancoma ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wenhliziyo ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ihlala iphilile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho umdlavuza.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngisebenzisa i-Valrubicin eningi ngengozi?

Ukweqisa kwe-Valrubicin akunakwenzeka kakhulu ngoba umuthi unikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ezindaweni zezokwelapha ezilawulwayo. Ukulinganisa kubalwa ngokucophelela futhi kulinganiswe ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngakunye.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthola umuthi omningi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, khuluma nethimba lakho lezempilo ngokushesha. Bangabuyekeza amarekhodi okulinganisa futhi bakuqaphe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile.

Esimeni esingavamile sokweqisa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizogxila ekunakekelweni kokusekela nasekuqapheni. Bangase bancomise ukwanda kokuthatha uketshezi ukusiza ukukhipha umuthi ohlelweni lwakho futhi baqaphele izimpawu zokwanda kokucasuka kwesinye.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Valrubicin?

Uma uphuthelwa ukwelashwa kwe-valrubicin okuhleliwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlele kabusha. Kubalulekile ukugcina isimiso sokwelashwa ngokusondela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kusebenze kahle.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi kufanele nje ahlele kabusha i-aphoyintimenti yakho ephuthelwe noma ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukulungiswa okudingekayo ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa. Ungazami ukuthi "ulungise" umthamo ophuthelwe ngokushintsha ukwelashwa okuzayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukubambezeleka kokwelashwa kuyadingeka ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizosebenza nawe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola inzuzo ephelele yezifundo zakho zokwelashwa ngenkathi ugcina ukuphepha kwakho nokunethezeka.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Valrubicin?

Kufanele uqede izifundo eziphelele zamasonto ayisithupha zokwelashwa nge-valrubicin ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho encoma ngokuqondile ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izifundo zokwelashwa eziphelele zenzelwe ukukhulisa amathuba akho okuphumelela ekwelashweni komdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathuthuki ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo, noma uma izivivinyo zokulandela ngomkhondo zikhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa akusebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukwelashwa nge-valrubicin ngokwakho, ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engakhululekile. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingasiza ekuphatheni imiphumela emibi futhi liqinisekise ukuthi uthola inzuzo ephelele yokwelashwa kwakho ngenkathi ugcina ukuphepha kwakho nokunethezeka.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokwelashwa nge-Valrubicin?

Abantu abaningi bangazishayela ngemoto ukuya nokubuya ekwelashweni nge-valrubicin, njengoba imithi ngokuvamile ayibangeli ukozela noma ikhinyabeze ikhono lakho lokusebenzisa imoto. Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziguli zingase zingakhululeki ngenxa yezimpawu zokucasuka kwesinye.

Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu be-pelvic, isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuchama, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingakuphazamisa ngenkathi ushayela, kuphephe kakhulu ukuhlela ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa.

Lalela umzimba wakho futhi wenze izinqumo ngokusekelwe endleleni ozizwa ngayo ngemva kokwelashwa ngakunye. Ezinye iziguli zithola ukuthi imiphumela emibi iphatheka kalula ngemva kokwelashwa okumbalwa kokuqala, kanti ezinye zingase zidinge usizo lwezokuthutha kuyo yonke inkambo yazo yokwelashwa.