

Health Library
October 10, 2025
Question on this topic? Get an instant answer from August.
Umjovo we-varicella virus live ngumjovo okwenza ukuthi ungatholi i-chickenpox, isifo esithathelwana kalula esibangelwa yi-varicella-zoster virus. Lo mgomo uqukethe uhlobo olubuthakathaka lwegciwane olusiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi afunde ukulwa nokutheleleka kwangempela ngaphandle kokukugulisa.
Abantu abaningi bathola lo mgomo beseyizingane, kodwa nabantu abadala abangazange babe ne-chickenpox nabo bangawuthola. Umgomo unikezwa ngomjovo emsipheni wakho noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nokuncoma kukadokotela wakho.
Umjovo we-varicella virus live ngumuthi ovimbela ukuthi uqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane le-chickenpox. Yenziwe ngohlobo oluphilayo kodwa olubuthakathaka lwe-varicella-zoster virus olungenakubangela isifo esiphelele kubantu abanempilo.
Lo mgomo waqala ukugunyazwa e-United States ngo-1995 futhi wehlise kakhulu amacala e-chickenpox ngaphezu kuka-90%. Ngokuvamile unikezwa ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-15 ubudala, ngomthamo wesibili phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 no-6.
Abantu abadala abangazange babe ne-chickenpox noma umgomo badinga imithamo emibili enikezwa ngamaviki angu-4 kuya kwangu-8 ehlukene. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside, nakuba ukuzivikela kungancipha kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuthola umgomo we-varicella kuzizwa njenganoma yimuphi omunye umjovo - ukuchofoza okusheshayo noma ukubhoboza lapho inaliti ingena. Umjovo ngokwawo uthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, futhi abantu abaningi bayachaza ukuthi awubuhlungu njengoba babelindele.
Ingalo yakho ingase izwe buhlungu endaweni yokujova usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kwalokho. Abanye abantu baqaphela ububomvu obuncane noma ukuvuvukala lapho bethole khona umjovo, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela.
Inani elincane labantu lithuthukisa ukuqubuka okuncane okubukeka njengamabala ambalwa e-chickenpox phakathi namasonto ambalwa ngemva kokugonywa. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe kumuntu oyedwa kwabangu-25 futhi kusho ukuthi umgomo usebenza kahle.
Umjovo we-varicella ukhona ngoba i-chickenpox ingabangela izinkinga ezinzima, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini athile abantu. Ngenkathi abaningi becabanga nge-chickenpox njengesifo esingesibi ezinganeni, singaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima ezihlanganisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, nezifo zamagciwane eziyingozi.
Ngaphambi komgomo, i-chickenpox yayithinta cishe wonke umuntu ngesikhathi sobuntwana, okubangela cishe izigameko eziyizigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka e-United States. Lesi sifo sasiyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nabantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka.
Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukugonywa kwaba ngcono:
Umjovo uvimbela lezi zinkinga ngokwakha ukuzivikela ngaphambi kokuchayeka egciwaneni lasendle. Kuphephe kakhulu kunokuthola lesi sifo esingokwemvelo.
Umjovo we-varicella ikakhulukazi uvimbela i-chickenpox, kodwa futhi unciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-shingles kamuva empilweni. I-Shingles yenzeka lapho igciwane le-chickenpox, elihlala lithule emangqamuzaneni akho ezinzwa ngemva kokutheleleka, livuseka eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
Ukugonywa esikhundleni sokuba nenkukhu yemvelo kubonakala kunciphisa amathuba akho okuthola i-shingles. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane lomgomo alithambekele ekusunguleni ukutheleleka okunamandla okulala emithanjeni yakho.
Umjovo futhi uvimbela izinkinga eziningi ezingathi sína ezingenzeka ngenkukhu:
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, umgomo uvimbela i-congenital varicella syndrome, isimo esingabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa uma inkukhu yenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Yebo, imiphumela eminingi emibi evela emgomeni we-varicella imnene futhi inyamalala yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela luvusa lezi zimo njengoba lufunda ukuqaphela igciwane lomgomo.
Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlanganisa ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala kungakapheli amahora ngemva kokugonywa futhi zixazululwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Abanye abantu bathuthukisa umkhuhlane omnene noma amabala ambalwa afana nenkukhu phakathi kwamasonto ama-2 kuya kwama-3 ngemva kokugonywa. Lokhu kusabela okuhlehlisiwe empeleni kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lwakha ukuvikeleka, futhi lezi zimpawu zivame ukunyamalala kungakapheli isonto.
Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kakhulu, yenzeka ngaphansi komthamo owodwa kwizigidi eziyi-1. Uma uhlangabezana nokusabela okukhulu komzimba, umkhuhlane ophezulu, noma izimpawu ezingavamile, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.
Ungaphatha iningi lemiphumela emibi yomgomo we-varicella ekhaya ngezinyathelo ezilula zokududuza. Lezi zindlela ezimnene zisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame ngenkathi ugcina izinzuzo zokuvikela zomgomo.
Ukuze ubuhlungu lapho kujovwe khona, sebenzisa indwangu ebandayo, emanzi endaweni okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengama-15 izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Gwema ukuhlikihla noma ukubhucunga lapho kujovwe khona, ngoba lokhu kungase kwandise ukucasuka.
Nazi izindlela eziphephile zokudambisa imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile:
Uma uba nokuqubuka okuncane, gwema ukuzikloloba izindawo futhi uzigcine zihlanzekile futhi zomile. Ukuqubuka ngokuvamile kulungisa ngokwako futhi akudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
Ungafaki ukushisa lapho kujovwe khona noma uthathe i-aspirin, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga.
Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwezimphendulo zomgomo we-varicella kuncike ohlotsheni nasekubeni sibi kwezimpawu ozibonayo. Iningi lezimphendulo lilula futhi alidingi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ekhaya.
Uma uba nomkhuhlane ophakathi nendawo ongaphezu kuka-102°F (39°C) noma lapho kujovwe khona kuqala ukuba bomvu futhi kuvuvukale, udokotela wakho angase ancome izidambisi zokubuhlungu eziqinile noma imithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Bazofuna futhi ukukhipha noma yiziphi izifo zamagciwane zesibili.
Ezimweni ezingavamile zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kufaka phakathi:
Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezithintekile abathola ukuqubuka okubanzi ngemva kokugonywa bangase badinge imithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-acyclovir. Lokhu kwelashwa kusiza ekuvikeleni igciwane lomgomo ekubangeleni ukutheleleka okungathi sína.
Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha olusekelwe ezimpawini zakho ezithile kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Bazobika futhi ukusabela okungathi sína ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ukuphepha komgomo.
Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezibonakala zinzima kakhulu kunokulindelekile noma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Nakuba ukusabela okungathi sína kungavamile, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa uma kufanele.
Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uba nezimpawu zokusabela okungathi sína komzimba emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokugonywa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho noma umphimbo, ukuqubuka okubanzi, noma ukuzwa ukukhathala.
Nazi ezinye izimo ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha:
Uma ukhulelwe futhi ngengozi wathola umgomo, thintana nodokotela wakho wezifo zabesifazane ngokushesha. Nakuba umgomo unganconyelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ingozi kumntwana iphansi kakhulu.
Ngemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile efana nobuhlungu obuncane noma umkhuhlane ophansi, ngokuvamile ungazisingatha ekhaya futhi awudingi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.
Ezinye izici zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela emibi emgomeni we-varicella, nakuba imiphumela emibi engathí sina ihlala ingavamile kakhulu kungakhathaliseki izici eziyingozi. Ukuqonda lezi zici kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokugonywa.
Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka babhekana nengozi enkulu yokuphendula komgomo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abathola i-chemotherapy, abathatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba, noma abaphila nezimo ezinjengengculazi noma ukuntuleka okukhulu kokuzivikela emzimbeni.
Iminyaka nayo ingathonya ukusabela komgomo, nakuba ngezindlela ezihlukene:
Ukusabela komzimba okwedlule ezingxenyeni zomgomo, ikakhulukazi i-gelatin noma i-antibiotic neomycin, kwandisa ingozi yokusabela okukhulu. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zamaqanda ababhekene nezingozi ezengeziwe ngoba lo mgomo awukhuliswa emaqandeni.
Ukukhulelwa kuyisimo esiphikisayo somgomo ngenxa yezingozi ezingokwemvelo kumntwana osakhulayo. Abesifazane abancelisa bangawuthola ngokuphepha umgomo ngaphandle kokwanda kwengozi yokusabela.
Izinkinga ezivela ekugonyweni kwe-varicella zivamile kakhulu, zenzeka ngaphansi kwe-1 kwizigidi eziyi-1 ezinikeziwe. Lapho izinkinga zenzeka, ngokuvamile zincane kakhulu kunezihambisana nokutheleleka kwemvelo kwe-chickenpox.
Inkinga enkulu engase yenzeke ukusabela okukhulu komzimba okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis, okungaba yingozi ekuphileni uma kungelashwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukwenzeka ngemizuzu embalwa ngemva kokugonywa futhi kuthinta abantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwizigidi eziyi-1.
Ezinye izinkinga ezingavamile zihlanganisa:
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinkinga azivamile futhi azibi kangako kunezihlobene ne-chickenpox yemvelo. Umgomo uvimbela izinkulungwane zezinkinga ezinkulu ezingenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-chickenpox yasendle.
Izifundo zesikhathi eside ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-25 azizange zithole noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezingapheli ezibangelwa umgomo we-varicella. Izinzuzo zokugoma zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezincane cishe kuwo wonke umuntu.
Umgomo we-varicella muhle kakhulu empilweni yezinhlelo zakho zokuzivikela emzimbeni ngoba unikeza ukuvikelwa ku-chickenpox ngaphandle kwezingozi zokutheleleka kwemvelo. Uqeqesha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane le-varicella-zoster ngempumelelo nangokuphepha.
Ukugonywa empeleni kuqinisa amasosha akho omzimba ngokuwafundisa ukuthi akhiqize ama-antibody futhi asebenzise amaseli omzimba aqondene negciwane le-chickenpox. Lokhu kuvikelwa kuvame ukuhlala amashumi eminyaka, nakuba abanye abantu bengase badinge imijovo yokuthuthukisa kamuva empilweni.
Umgomo usekela impilo yezinhlelo zokuzivikela emzimbeni ngezindlela eziningana ezibalulekile:
Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi ukuvimbela i-chickenpox yemvelo kungase kubuthakathake amasosha omzimba, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezingozi zokutheleleka kwemvelo.
Kubantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezisempilweni, umgomo we-varicella ungenye yezindlela eziphephe kakhulu nezisebenzayo zokuvimbela isifo esingase sibe sibi.
Izindlela zomgomo we-varicella ngezinye izikhathi zingadidaniswa nezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi lapho izimpawu zivela ezinsukwini noma emasontweni ngemva kokugonywa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezifanayo kukusiza wena nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuthi nenze ukuhlolwa okunembile.
Ukuqubuka okuncane okuthuthuka ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokugonywa kuvame ukudidaniswa ne-chickenpox yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqubuka okuhlobene nomgomo ngokuvamile kunamabala ambalwa, kuvela kamuva, futhi akulumi kangako kune-chickenpox yasendle.
Nazi izimo ezivamile izindlela zomgomo ezingase zifane nazo:
Isikhathi sokubonakala kwezimpawu ngokuvamile sisiza ukuhlukanisa ukusabela komgomo kwezinye izimo. Ama-rash ahlobene nomgomo ngokuvamile avela emasontweni angu-1 kuya kwangu-3 ngemva kokugonywa, kuyilapho izifo zamagciwane ngokuvamile zithuthuka ezinsukwini.
Uma ungaqinisekile ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlobene yini nomgomo noma enye imbangela, unganqikazi ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakuhlola futhi banqume imbangela engenzeka kakhulu yezimpawu zakho.
Awukwazi ukuthola inkukhu emgomeni we-varicella ngomqondo wendabuko. Umgomo uqukethe uhlobo olubuthakathaka legciwane elingakwazi ukubangela lesi sifo esiphelele kubantu abanempilo. Nokho, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-25 uthuthukisa i-rash elula enamabala ambalwa abukeka njenge-chickenpox elula kakhulu.
Le rash ehlobene nomgomo ithambile kakhulu kune-chickenpox yemvelo, inamabala ambalwa, ukuluma okuncane, futhi akukho umkhuhlane. Kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela kahle emgomeni futhi akha ukuvikeleka.
Ukuvikeleka emgomeni we-varicella kubonakala kuthatha iminyaka eminingi, mhlawumbe amashumi eminyaka. Ucwaningo olulandela abantu abagonyiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 lubonisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bagcina amazinga e-antibody okuvikela kuyo yonke le nkathi.
Abanye abantu bangase babe nokwehla kokuzivikela emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yingakho manje kunconywa uhlelo lwemithamo emibili. Umthamo wesibili unikeza ukukhuthaza okuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside futhi kunciphisa ithuba elincane lokutheleleka okusha.
Yebo, abesifazane abakhulelwe bangaba ngokuphephile eduze kwabantu abasanda kuthola umgomo we-varicella. Ukudluliselwa kwegciwane lomgomo kwabanye akuvamile kakhulu, ngamacala angaphansi kwangu-10 abikiwe emhlabeni wonke kusukela ekwethulweni komgomo.
I-virus yomgomo ingadluliselwa kuphela uma umuntu ogonyiwe ethuthukisa ukuqubuka, futhi ngisho nalapho, ingozi incane. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikelwa komphakathi okubalulekile okuzuzisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabo emkhuhlaneni wamathambo wasendle.
Abantu abadala abake baba nomkhuhlane wamathambo besebancane abawudingi umgomo we-varicella ngoba sebenomzimba oqine ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wake waba nomkhuhlane wamathambo, udokotela wakho angahlola igazi lakho ukuze ahlole ama-antibody.
Cishe u-85% wabantu abadala abangakhumbuli ukuthi babenomkhuhlane wamathambo empeleni banobufakazi bokutheleleka esikhathini esidlule lapho behlolwa. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuthi awunayo imithi, ukugonywa kunconywa, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yezinkinga.
Yebo, umgomo we-varicella unganikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imigomo, okuhlanganisa nomgomo we-MMR. Uma imigomo eminingi inikezwa ndawonye, inikezwa ezindaweni ezihlukene emzimbeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabela kwendawo.
Ukuthola imigomo ndawonye akukwandisi ingozi yemiphumela emibi engathi sína futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala usesikhathini nazo zonke izivikelo ezitusekayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzonquma uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokugoma olususelwe eminyakeni yakho kanye nesimo sempilo.
6Mpeople
Get clear medical guidance
on symptoms, medications, and lab reports.