Yini i-Vigabatrin: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Vigabatrin iyimithi elwa nokuthuthumela esiza ukulawula izinhlobo ezithile zohlobo lwesithuthwane, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni nakubantwana abancane. Le mithi kadokotela isebenza ngokwandisa amazinga ekhemikhali yobuchopho ebizwa nge-GABA, esiza ukuthulisa umsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni nokunciphisa ukuthuthumela.

Uma udokotela wakho ekunikeze i-vigabatrin wena noma ingane yakho, ungase ube nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Le mithi isisize abantu ukuthi balawule izifo ezithile zokuthuthumela iminyaka eminingi, futhi ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngayo kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu ngohlelo lokwelapha.

Yini i-Vigabatrin?

I-Vigabatrin iyimithi ekhethekile elwa nesithuthwane eyingxenye yeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-GABA enhancers. Iza njengempushana oyixuba namanzi noma njengamaphilisi owagwinyayo.

Le mithi isebenza kahle ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbili ezithile: ama-infantile spasms (abuye abizwe nge-West syndrome) ezinsaneni, nezinhlobo ezithile zokuthuthumela kubantu abane-tuberous sclerosis complex. Ngokungafani neminye imithi yokuthuthumela eminingi, i-vigabatrin inendlela eyingqayizivele yokusebenza ebuchosheni.

Lo muthi wenzelwe ngqo ukuthi uqondise uhlelo lobuchopho lwemvelo lokubamba. Uma lolu hlelo lusebenza kangcono, lunganciphisa kakhulu ukuvama nokuqina kokuthuthumela kubantu abangazange basabele kahle kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Isetshenziselwani i-Vigabatrin?

I-Vigabatrin iphatha izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko lapho eminye imithi yokuthuthumela ivame ukungasebenzi kahle. Udokotela wakho uyikhipha uma udinga indlela eqondiwe yokulawula ukuthuthumela.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala nokuvamile yi-infantile spasms ezinsaneni eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezi-4 nezingu-2 ubudala. Lawa ma-spasms abukeka njengokunyakaza okungazelelwe lapho izingalo nemilenze yengane idonsela emzimbeni wayo, futhi avame ukwenzeka ngamaqembu lapho ingane ivuka noma ilele.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kungokuba nezithuthwane eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingxenyeni zabantu abanezifo ze-tuberous sclerosis complex, isimo sezakhi zofuzo esibangela ukuthi izimila ezingenasici zikhule ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-vigabatrin isiza ukulawula izithuthwane eziqala engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho futhi ezingase zidlulele kwezinye izindawo.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela banikeza i-vigabatrin kwezinye izinhlobo zezithuthwane lapho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka kaningi futhi kudinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ngoba kubhekwa njengokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Vigabatrin?

I-Vigabatrin isebenza ngokuthuthukisa ikhono lemvelo lobuchopho bakho lokuhlala luzolile nokuvimbela izithuthwane. Yandisa amazinga e-GABA, ikhemikhali yobuchopho esebenza njengebhethri lemvelo lomsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni bakho.

Cabanga ngomsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho bakho njengomgwaqo omkhulu onomgwaqo omkhulu. I-GABA isebenza njengezibani zethrafikhi ezisiza ukulawula ukugeleza nokuvimbela izingozi. Uma ungenayo i-GABA eyanele, amasiginali kagesi angaba nesiphithiphithi futhi abangele izithuthwane.

Lo muthi uvimba i-enzyme ebizwa nge-GABA transaminase, evame ukwehlisa i-GABA ebuchosheni bakho. Ngokuvimba le enzyme, i-vigabatrin ivumela i-GABA eningi ukuthi ihlale itholakala, inikeze ukulawulwa okungcono kwezithuthwane.

I-Vigabatrin ibhekwa njengomuthi oqinile wokulwa nezithuthwane. Akuyona inketho eqine kakhulu etholakalayo, kodwa inamandla kunezinye izidakamizwa ezilula zokulwa nezithuthwane. Lokhu kuyenza ibe wusizo ikakhulukazi ezithuthwaneni ezingaphendulanga ekwelashweni okulula.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Vigabatrin?

Thatha i-vigabatrin ngendlela udokotela wakho ayala ngayo, ngokuvamile kabili ngosuku ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Ifomu lempushana lidinga ukuxutshwa ngamanzi, kuyilapho amaphilisi kufanele agwinywe wonke ngenkomishi yamanzi.

Uma usebenzisa ifomu lempushana, thulula konke okuqukethwe yiphakethe elilodwa enkomishini ehlanzekile bese ufaka cishe izipuni ezi-2 zamanzi abandayo noma ashisayo. Govuza ingxube ize incibilike ngokuphelele, bese uyiphuza ngokushesha. Ungalokothi ulondoloze impushana exutshiwe ukuze uyisebenzise kamuva.

Ungathatha i-vigabatrin ngaphandle kokudla noma ngemva kokudla, kodwa zama ukuyithatha ngendlela efanayo njalo. Abanye abantu bakuthola kulula esiswini uma kuthathwa nesnakhi esilula noma ukudla. Gwema ukuyithatha ngeziphuzo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibanda kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kungase kuthinte ukuthi incibilika kahle kangakanani.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke, cishe ngamahora ayi-12. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi egazini lakho. Ukusetha izikhumbuzi zocingo kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule, ikakhulukazi emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Vigabatrin?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-vigabatrin buhluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho nokuthi usabela kahle kangakanani emuthini. Abanye abantu bayayidinga izinyanga ezimbalwa nje, kanti abanye bangayithatha iminyaka eminingi.

Ezinhlungwini zezingane, izingane eziningi zingayeka ukuthatha i-vigabatrin ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6 kuya eminyakeni emi-2 uma izinhlungu zazo zilawulwa kahle. Udokotela wakho uzokwehlisa kancane kancane umthamo phakathi namasonto ambalwa kunokuyeka kungazelelwe, okusiza ekuvikeleni ukuvela kabusha kwezithuthwane.

Kubantu abane-tuberous sclerosis complex, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside uma nje izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi umuthi usasiza yini futhi uqaphele noma yimaphi imiphumela emibi.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-vigabatrin kungazelelwe noma ushintshe umthamo wakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka ngokushesha kungabangela ukuthi izithuthwane zibuye noma zibangele izithuthwane ezinzima kakhulu kunalezo obunazo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Yini Imiphumela Emibi Ye-Vigabatrin?

Njengazo zonke izidakamizwa, i-vigabatrin ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi imnene futhi iyalawuleka, kodwa eminye idinga ukuqashwa eduze ithimba lakho lezempilo.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyibone ihlanganisa ukozela, isiyezi, nokuzizwa ukhathele emini. Le miphumela ivame ukuthuthuka ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu abantu abayibikayo:

• Ukozela nokukhathala
• Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa ungazinzile
• Ikhanda
• Isicanucanu noma isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukukhuluphala
• Ukuhluleka ukugxila
• Ukucasuka noma izinguquko zemizwa
• Ukubona izinto ezimbili noma umbono ongacacile

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziba ngaphansi kokuphazamisa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Uma ziqhubeka noma ziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokulungisa umthamo wakho.

Kunomphumela owodwa omubi ongathi sína odinga ukuqashwa njalo: izinkinga zombono. I-Vigabatrin ingabangela umonakalo unomphela embonweni wakho wangaphandle (umbono oseceleni) cishe kumuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abayithatha isikhathi eside.

Nansi imibandela ehlobene nombono okufanele uyibheke:

• Ukuhluleka ukubona izinto eziseceleni
• Ukushayisa izinto ongazange uzibone
• Izinkinga ngokuqonda ukujula
• Izinkinga ngombono wasebusuku
• Ukuhluleka ukushayela noma ukuzulazula ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu

Udokotela wakho uzohlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo njalo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 ukuhlola izinguquko zombono. Lezi zivivinyo zingabamba izinkinga kusenesikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi uqaphele izimpawu.

Eminye imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nakuba lokhu kungenzeki kaningi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ukuze uthole usizo ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana:

• Ushintsho olukhulu lwemizwa noma ukucindezeleka
• Imicabango yokuzilimaza
• Ukuphithana okukhulu noma izinkinga zenkumbulo
• Ukuqaqamba okungavamile noma ukuphuma igazi
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane noma umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo

Le miphumela emibi engavamile, kodwa ukuyibona kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathe I-Vigabatrin?

I-Vigabatrin ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzocabangela ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Abanye abantu banezimo ezenza i-vigabatrin ingaphephile noma ingasebenzi kahle.

Akufanele uthathe i-vigabatrin uma unenkinga yokungezwani nayo noma nganoma yiziphi izithako zayo. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zihlanganisa ukuqubuka, ukuluma, ukuvuvukala, isiyezi esikhulu, noma ukungaphefumuli kahle.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe noma bangase bangakwazi ukuthatha i-vigabatrin ngokuphepha. Udokotela wakho uzohlola lezi zinto ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Nazi izimo ezingase zikuvimbele ukuthi ungathathi i-vigabatrin:

• Isifo esibi sezinso
• Umlando wokucindezeleka okukhulu noma imicabango yokuzibulala
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi
• Izifo eziqashelwayo ze-retinal noma izifo zamehlo ezingathi sína
• Umlando we-psychosis noma izimo ezingathi sína zempilo yengqondo

Ezinye izimo zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela kodwa akudingeki zivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwe-vigabatrin. Udokotela wakho uzohlola izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi zesimo sakho esithile.

Izinto ezikhethekile zisebenza ku:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisa ibele
• Abantu abanezinkinga ezincane zezinso noma zesibindi
• Labo abanomlando wokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• Abantu abathatha eminye imithi yokulwa nokuthuthumela
• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa lezi zinto nawe futhi angase ancome ukuqapha okwengeziwe noma ukulungiswa komthamo ukuze ukugcine uphephile.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Vigabatrin

I-Vigabatrin itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi emikhiqizo, i-Sabril iyona evame ukunqunywa e-United States. Lolu hlobo luza kokubili ngamaphakethe e-powder namaphilisi.

Amanye amagama emikhiqizo afaka i-Vigadrone, etholakala njenge-powder yesixazululo somlomo. Isithako esisebenzayo siyafana kungakhathaliseki igama lomkhiqizo, kodwa izithako ezingasebenzi nokupakisha kungahluka kancane.

Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-vigabatrin nazo ziyatholakala futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengezinhlobo zegama lomkhiqizo. Ikhemisi lakho lingashintsha uhlobo olujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho acele ngokuqondile igama lomkhiqizo.

Njalo hlola nekhemisi lakho uma imithi yakho ibukeka ihlukile kunokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ushintsha phakathi kwemikhiqizo noma izinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imithi efanele kanye nomthamo.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Vigabatrin

Eminye imithi eminingi ingelapha ukuhlaselwa uma i-vigabatrin ingafaneleki noma ingasebenzi. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ezinye izindlela ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho oluthile lokuhlaselwa kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ngezinhlungu zezingane, imijovo ye-ACTH (i-adrenocorticotropic hormone) ivame ukucatshangelwa ukuthi isebenza kahle njenge-vigabatrin. Abanye odokotela bakhetha ukuzama i-ACTH kuqala, kanti abanye baqala nge-vigabatrin kuye ngesimo somntwana esithile.

Eminye imithi elwa nokuhlaselwa engaba ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa:

• I-Levetiracetam (Keppra)
• I-Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
• I-Topiramate (Topamax)
• I-Zonisamide (Zonegran)
• I-Rufinamide (Banzel)

Kubantu abane-tuberous sclerosis complex, i-everolimus (Afinitor) ingaba yindlela yokulawula ukuhlaselwa nokwelapha ezinye izinkinga zesimo. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi enye indlela enengqondo kakhulu ngesimo sakho.

Ingabe i-Vigabatrin ingcono kune-Levetiracetam?

IVigabatrin kanye ne-levetiracetam (Keppra) zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane, ngakho ukuqhathanisa ngqo akulula. Ukukhetha okuthi "okungcono" kuncike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho esithile kanye nezimo.

IVigabatrin ilungele ngempela ama-infantile spasms kanye nokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane okuhlobene ne-tuberous sclerosis complex. Kulezi zimo, ivame ukusebenza kangcono kune-levetiracetam futhi ithathwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala ngabachwepheshe abaningi.

I-Levetiracetam, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlaselwa yisithuthwane futhi ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi inemiphumela emibi embalwa. Ngokuvamile ayibangeli izinkinga zombono njengoba i-vigabatrin ingenza, okuyenza ibe yindlela ephephe kakhulu yesikhathi eside kubantu abaningi.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwale mithi kuvame ukuncika ekuxilongweni kwakho okuthile, iminyaka, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, nokuthi uyikwazi kangakanani imithi ngayinye. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela zonke lezi zinto lapho encoma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Vigabatrin

Ingabe i-Vigabatrin iphephile ezigulini ezinokugula kwezinso?

IVigabatrin ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanezinkinga eziphansi zezinso, kodwa idinga ukulungiswa kwemithamo ngokucophelela nokuqapha. Njengoba izinso zakho zisiza ukususa i-vigabatrin emzimbeni wakho, ukuncipha komsebenzi wezinso kusho ukuthi umuthi uhlala esistemini yakho isikhathi eside.

Uma unezifo zezinso, udokotela wakho cishe uzoqoka umthamo ophansi futhi aqaphe amazinga egazi lakho kaningi. Bangase futhi bahlele ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuze baqaphele imiphumela emibi engase ivele kakhulu ngezinkinga zezinso.

Abantu abanezifo zezinso ezinzima kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuthatha i-vigabatrin ngokuphepha, njengoba ingozi yemiphumela emibi iba phezulu kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela ezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma umsebenzi wakho wezinso uncishisiwe kakhulu.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuzile i-Vigabatrin eningi ngengozi?

Uma ngempela uthatha i-vigabatrin eningi, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile. Ukuthatha okuningi kungabangela imiphumela emibi ehlanganisa ukozela okukhulu, ukudideka, kanye nezinguquko eziyingozi ebuchosheni.

Izimpawu zokweqisa kwe-vigabatrin zihlanganisa ukozela okukhulu, ukudideka, ukuhluleka ukukhuluma, ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana, nobunzima bokuhlala uphapheme. Ezimweni ezinzima, kungabangela i-coma noma izinkinga zokuphefumula ezisongela impilo.

Ungazami ukuzenza uhlanze noma uthathe eminye imithi ukuze ulwe nokweqisa. Kunalokho, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma kungenzeka, letha ibhodlela lemithi nawe ukuze abasebenzi bezokwelapha bakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi yini nokuthi kungakanani okuthathiwe.

Odokotela begumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo bangahlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo futhi bakuqaphe ngezinkinga. Akukho okwelapha ngokuqondile ukweqisa kwe-vigabatrin, kodwa abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokugcwele ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Vigabatrin?

Uma udlula umthamo we-vigabatrin, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo. Kulokho, weqa umthamo odlulisiwe bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo odlulisiwe, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile kuphephe ukulinda kuze kube umthamo wakho olandelayo kunokubeka engozini yokuthatha okuningi.

Uma udlula imithamo kaningi, cabanga ukusetha ama-alamu ocingo noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi ukukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekulawuleni okuhle kokuhlaselwa.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma udlula ngaphezu komthamo owodwa olandelanayo, ngoba lokhu kungase kuthinte ukulawulwa kokuhlaselwa kwakho. Bangase bafune ukukubona ngokushesha noma balungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ukuze bavimbele imithamo edlulisiwe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Vigabatrin?

Kufanele uyeke ukuthatha i-vigabatrin ngaphansi kokuqondisa nokuqashwa kukadokotela wakho. Ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungabangela ukuthi ukuquleka kubuye noma kubangele ngisho nokuquleka okukhulu kakhulu kunalokho obunakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Udkt wakho ngokuvamile uzokwehlisa umthamo wakho kancane kancane phakathi namasonto amaningana noma izinyanga uma sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka. Lokhu kunciphisa kancane kusiza ubuchopho bakho ukuthi buvumelane nokuba nemithi encane futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuquleka kokuhoxiswa.

Isikhathi sokuyeka i-vigabatrin sincike esimweni sakho nokuthi usabele kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Abanye abantu bangayeka ngemuva kwezinyanga noma iminyaka yokulawulwa kokuquleka, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ukuqapha njalo kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume isikhathi esifanele sokucabangela ukuyeka noma ukunciphisa i-vigabatrin. Bazohlola izinzuzo zokuqhubeka nokwelashwa ngokumelene nezingozi zemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zombono.

Ngingashayela Ngenkathi Ngithatha i-Vigabatrin?

Ukushayela ngenkathi uthatha i-vigabatrin kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kokulawulwa kwakho kokuquleka kanye nemiphumela emibi yemithi. Abantu abaningi bangashayela ngokuphepha, kodwa kuncike esimweni sakho ngasinye kanye nemithetho yendawo.

I-Vigabatrin ingabangela ukozela, isiyezi, nezinkinga zombono ezingase zithinte ikhono lakho lokushayela ngokuphepha. Imiphumela emibi yombono ikhathaza ikakhulukazi ngoba inganciphisa umbono wakho wangaphandle kanye nokujula kokubona.

Odokotela abaningi batusa ukulinda uze ube ngaphandle kokuquleka isikhathi esithile (ngokuvamile izinyanga ezi-3-12, kuye ngendawo okuyo) futhi uze uzivumelanise nemithi ngaphambi kokushayela. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi kuphephile nini ukuqala ukushayela.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubaluleke kakhulu uma ushayela, njengoba kungathola izinguquko zombono ezingase zikwenze kungaphephile ukushayela. Uma uqaphela izinguquko embonweni wakho noma uzwa ukozela ngenkathi ushayela, yeka ukushayela ngokushesha bese uthintana nodokotela wakho.