Yini Umgomo Womkhuhlane Othuthuva: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni Nokunye

Umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi ngumgomo we-virus ophilayo, obuthakathaka okukuvikela emkhuhlaneni ophuzi, isifo esibucayi esithwalwa omiyane esitholakala ezingxenyeni ze-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Lo mgomo owodwa unikeza ukuzivikela isikhathi eside futhi uvame ukudingeka ekuhambeni kwamazwe ngamazwe emazweni athile.

Umkhuhlane ophuzi ungabangela ukugula okukhulu okuhlanganisa ukulimala kwesibindi, ukopha, ngisho nokufa. Umgomo ubelokhu uvikela ngokuphepha abahambi nabantu abahlala ezindaweni eziyingozi amashumi eminyaka, okwenza kube ngomunye wamathuluzi ethu asebenzayo kakhulu ngokumelene nalesi sifo esingabulala.

Yini Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi uqukethe inguqulo ephilayo kodwa ebuthakathaka yegciwane lomkhuhlane ophuzi elingakwazi ukubangela lesi sifo esiqotho kubantu abanempilo. Uma kufakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, kufundisa amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi aqaphele futhi alwe negciwane langempela lomkhuhlane ophuzi uma wake walithola.

Lo mgomo unikezwa njengesijovo esingaphansi kwesikhumba, okusho ukuthi ungena esicutshini esinamanzi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho kunokuthi ungene shí emsipheni. Igciwane elibuthakathaka elikulo mgomo liphindaphindeka ngokwanele ukudala ukuzivikela okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukugulisa.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bebe sebenzisa lo mgomo ngempumelelo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1930. Kubhekwa njengomunye wemigomo esebenza kahle kakhulu etholakalayo, ngomthamo owodwa onikeza ukuvikelwa okungahlala impilo yonke kubantu abaningi.

Usetshenziselwani Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi uvimbela ukutheleleka ngomkhuhlane ophuzi, isifo esithathelwana ngamagciwane esithwalwa omiyane abathelelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Ungase udinge lo mgomo uma uhambela emazweni lapho umkhuhlane ophuzi ukhona noma uma uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sifo senzeka khona.

Amazwe amaningi adinga ubufakazi bokugonywa komkhuhlane ophuzi ngaphambi kokuvumela ukungena, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba uvela ezweni lapho lesi sifo sitholakala khona. Lesi sidingo sisiza ekuvikeleni ukusabalala komkhuhlane ophuzi ezindaweni ezintsha lapho kukhona khona uhlobo olufanele lwemiyane kodwa lesi sifo singakaze sibonwe ngaphambili.

Umjovo unconywa futhi kubasebenzi baselebhu abangase baphathe igciwane lomkhuhlane ophuzi kanye nakubantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho kuvela khona imikhuhlane ephuzi. Amanye amazwe angase adinge umjovo ngisho nasezindizeni ezimfushane ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Isebenza Kanjani Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Umjovo womkhuhlane ophuzi usebenza ngokwethula inguqulo ebuthakathaka yegciwane lomkhuhlane ophuzi emzimbeni wakho, elingakwazi ukubangela lesi sifo sangempela kodwa lingakwazi ukuqala amasosha akho omzimba ukwakha ukuvikeleka. Lokhu kuthathwa njengomgomo oqinile futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu odala ukuzivikela okunamandla.

Uma usutholile umgomo, amasosha akho omzimba aqaphela igciwane elibuthakathaka njengelingelona elakho futhi akhe ama-antibody aklanyelwe ngqo ukulwa nomkhuhlane ophuzi. Umzimba wakho futhi uthuthukisa amaseli enkumbulo akhumbulayo ukuthi angakhiqiza kanjani ngokushesha la ma-antibody uma uhlangana negciwane langempela kamuva.

Lokhu kusabela komzimba ngokuvamile kuthuthuka kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemva kokugonywa futhi kunikeza ukuvikeleka okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi kungase kuhlale impilo yonke. Umgomo udala ukuzivikela okuqinile kangangokuthi abantu abaningi badinga umthamo owodwa kuphela empilweni yabo yonke.

Kufanele Ngiwuthathaphi Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Umjovo womkhuhlane ophuzi unikezwa njengomjovo owodwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile engalweni yakho engenhla. Kufanele uthole lo mjovo okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuhamba uye endaweni lapho umkhuhlane ophuzi ukhona, njengoba kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi umzimba wakho uthuthukise ukuvikeleka okuphelele.

Akudingeki uthathe izinyathelo ezikhethekile ngokudla noma isiphuzo ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuthola umgomo. Kodwa-ke, kuyasiza ukuba uhlale unamanzi kahle futhi udle muva nje ukuze uvimbele ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokujova.

Umjovo kumele unikezwe esikhungweni esivunyelwe sokugoma umkhuhlane ophuzi ngabahlinzeki bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe. Lezi zikhungo zinezidingo ezikhethekile zokugcina nokusingatha umgomo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlala usebenza kahle. Uzothola Isitifiketi Somhlaba Wonke Sokugoma esisebenza njengobufakazi bokugoma kwakho ngezinhloso zokuhamba.

Kufanele Ngithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Umjovo womkhuhlane ophuzi ngokuvamile ukugoma okukodwa okunikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi badinga umthamo owodwa kuphela empilweni yabo yonke, njengoba ukuzivikela okudalayo kuqinile futhi kuqina kakhulu.

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba wonke yashintsha izincomo zayo ngo-2014, ithi umthamo owodwa unikeza ukuvikeleka impilo yonke kubantu abaningi. Ngaphambili, umjovo wokuthuthukisa wawunconywa njalo eminyakeni eyi-10, kodwa ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi lokhu akudingekile kubantu abaningi.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase badinge umthamo wokuthuthukisa ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 uma benezici ezithile zengozi noma amasistimu okuzivikela omzimba abuthakathaka. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe udinga imithamo eyengeziwe ngokuya ngesimo sakho sempilo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni Yomgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emincane eceleni evela kumgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi, uma ikhona nhlobo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifana nalokho ongase ukuzwe ngeminye imigomo futhi ngokuvamile ziyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Nansi imiphumela eceleni ongase uyithole, iqala ngaleyo evame kakhulu:

• Ukuqaqamba, ukubomvu, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Umkhuhlane olinganiselwe
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elincane
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ungaphilile
• Isicanucanu esincane

Lezi zimo ezivamile ezibangelwa imithi ngokuvamile zivela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokugonywa futhi ziyanyamalala zodwa. Ukuthatha imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela nokufaka into ebandayo endaweni yokujova kungasiza nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ayivamile kodwa ingenzeka. Lezi zimo ezikhathazayo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, ukuqubuka okukhulu)
• Isifo se-yellow fever esihambisana nesifo sezinzwa (ukuqubuka kobuchopho, okuyivelakancane kakhulu)
• Isifo se-yellow fever esihambisana nesifo se-viscerotropic (ukwehluleka kwezitho, okuyivelakancane kakhulu)
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ohlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elinamandla nokuqina kwentamo

Lezi zimo ezingathi sína azivamile, zenzeka kubantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwabayi-100,000 abagonyiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi izimpawu kukusiza ukuthi ufune ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole Umgomo We-Yellow Fever?

Abantu abathile kufanele bagweme umgomo we-yellow fever ngoba banengozi enkulu yemiphumela emibi engathi sína. Umgomo uqukethe igciwane eliphilayo, ngakho-ke akuphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka.

Akufanele uthole umgomo we-yellow fever uma unesinye salezi zimo:

• Ukugula okukhulu ngomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokugonywa
• Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu emgomweni we-yellow fever wangaphambilini noma kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo
• Uhlelo lokuzivikela olubuthakathaka ngenxa ye-HIV/AIDS, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, noma imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba
• Izifo ze-thymus gland
• Izimo zokuntuleka kokuzivikela emzimbeni okuyinhloko

Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka kumaqembu athile angase abe nezingozi ezengeziwe:

• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 (ubungozi obukhulu bemiphumela emibi)
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe (ngaphandle uma ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu kungenakugwenywa)
• Omama abancelisa
• Izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-9 ubudala
• Abantu abanezifo zokungezwani komzimba namaqanda (umgomo ukhuliswa emaqandeni)

Uma ungena kunoma iyiphi yalezi zigaba, xoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wakho. Ngezikhathi ezithile ingozi yokutheleleka ngumkhuhlane ophuzi idlula izingozi zomgomo, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele uhambe ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Amagama Omkhiqizo Womgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi

Umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi utholakala ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi YF-VAX e-United States. Okwamanje lo ngumgomo owodwa kuphela womkhuhlane ophuzi ovunyelwe futhi otholakala e-U.S.

I-YF-VAX ikhiqizwa yi-Sanofi Pasteur futhi iqukethe uhlobo lwe-17D-204 legciwane lomkhuhlane ophuzi. Lolu uhlobo olufanayo olusetshenziswe ngokuphepha emithini yokugoma umkhuhlane ophuzi emhlabeni wonke amashumi eminyaka.

Kwamanye amazwe, ungahlangana namagama omkhiqizo ahlukene emithini yokugoma umkhuhlane ophuzi, kodwa wonke aqukethe uhlobo olufanayo oluyisisekelo lwe-17D legciwane lomkhuhlane ophuzi elibuthakathaka. Yonke imithamo yokugoma umkhuhlane ophuzi evunyelwe inikeza ukuvikelwa okulinganayo ngokuphikisana nalesi sifo.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokugoma Umkhuhlane Ophuzi

Ayikho eminye imithamo yokugoma yokuvimbela umkhuhlane ophuzi. Umgomo wegciwane eliphilayo, elibuthakathaka ngumgomo kuphela otholakala ukuvikela ekuthelelekeni ngumkhuhlane ophuzi.

Uma ungenakuthola umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha, izinketho zakho kuphela zokuvikela ukugwema izindawo lapho umkhuhlane ophuzi ukhona noma ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela ukulunywa yimiyane. Lezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa isinambuzane, ukugqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide, nokuhlala ezindaweni ezinomoya opholile noma ezihloliwe.

Ezinye izindawo zingamukela incwadi yokuxolelwa kwezokwelapha evela kudokotela wakho uma ungenakuthola umgomo ngenxa yezizathu zezempilo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukuvikeli ekutheni uthole umkhuhlane ophuzi, ngakho ukugwema ukuhamba ezindaweni ezithintekile yindlela ephephe kakhulu uma ungenakugonywa.

Ingabe Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi Ungcono Kunezinye Izimomvo Zokuhamba?

Umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi ubaluleke ngendlela eyingqayizivele ngoba uwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela umkhuhlane ophuzi, futhi amazwe amaningi awudinga ngokomthetho ukuze ungene. Ngokungafani neminye imigomo yokuhamba evimbela izifo ezinokwelashwa okutholakalayo, umkhuhlane ophuzi awunayo imithi ethile uma usuthole umkhuhlane.

Uma uqhathaniswa neminye imigomo yokuhamba, umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi unikeza ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngenkathi imigomo efana ne-typhoid noma i-hepatitis A ingadinga ama-booster njalo eminyakeni embalwa, ukugonywa komkhuhlane ophuzi kuvame ukuhlala impilo yonke.

Umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi futhi usebenza ngenjongo ezimbili - uvikela impilo yakho futhi uhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba zamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kuwenza ubaluleke kakhulu kunezimomvo zokuhamba ezingeziwe uma uvakashela ezindaweni ezithintekile. Kodwa-ke, akudingeki ukuthi "ungcono" kunezinye izimomvo, nje uhlukile ezidingweni zawo kanye nobude besikhathi sokuvikela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi

Ingabe Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi Uphephile Kubantu Abanesifo Sikashukela?

Yebo, umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi ngokuvamile uphephile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, inqobo nje uma isifo sabo sikashukela silawulwa kahle futhi bengenazo ezinye izimo eziqeda amandla amasosha abo omzimba. Isifo sikashukela ngokwaso asikuvimbeli ekutholeni umgomo.

Kodwa-ke, uma unezinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela ezithinta amasosha akho omzimba, noma uma usebenzisa imithi ecindezela ukuzivikela, kufanele uxoxe ngezingozi nezinzuzo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Isifo sikashukela esilawulwa kahle ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngokuvamile asikwandisi ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi yomgomo.

Kumele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithola Umgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi Okuningi Ngengozi?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi omningi, njengoba unikezwa njengomthamo owodwa, olinganisiwe. Uma ngandlela thize uthole imithamo eminingi ngephutha, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Imithamo eminingi ingase ikhulise ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi, nakuba izinkinga ezingathi sína ziqhubeka zingavamile. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakwazi ukukuqapha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile futhi akunikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka. Ungethuki, kodwa funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kumele Ngenzeni Uma Ngingayitholi I-aphoyintimenti Yami Yomgomo Womkhuhlane Ophuzi?

Uma uphuthelwa yi-aphoyintimenti yakho yomgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi, hlela kabusha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma unezinhlelo zokuhamba ezizayo. Khumbula ukuthi udinga umgomo okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okugcwele.

Uma uhambo lwakho lungaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10, xoxa ngezinketho zakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangase basancomela umgomo ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okuthile, noma baphakamise ukuhlehlisa uhambo lokuya ezindaweni ezinengozi enkulu uma kungenzeka. Umgomo unikeza ukuvikeleka okuthile ngisho nangaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ezigcwele, kodwa ukuvikeleka okuphezulu kuthatha isikhathi ukuthuthuka.

Ngingayeka nini ukukhathazeka Ngomkhuhlane Ophuzi Ngemva Kokugonywa?

Ungazibheka njengovikelekile emkhuhlaneni ophuzi izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemva kokuthola umgomo. Lesi yisikhathi lapho amasosha akho omzimba ethatha isikhathi esanele sokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka okugcwele egciwaneni.

Ukuvikeleka kwakho kuqhubeka iminyaka eminingi, cishe impilo yakho yonke ngokocwaningo lwamanje. Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngomkhuhlane ophuzi uma usuqedile ukugonywa, nakuba kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ngokumelene nokulunywa yimiyane uma uhambela ezindaweni ezithintekile.

Ngingahamba ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi?

Ungahamba ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola umgomo womkhuhlane ophuzi, kodwa ngeke ube nokuvikeleka okuphelele cishe izinsuku eziyi-10. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengase uthole umkhuhlane ophuzi uma uvele ngalezo zinsuku eziyi-10 zokuqala.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kungcono ukuthola umgomo okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuhamba ezindaweni lapho umkhuhlane ophuzi ukhona. Uma kufanele uhambe ngokushesha, thatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuzivikela ekulunyweni yimiyane futhi uqaphele ukuthi awukavikeleki ngokugcwele.