Yini i-Zanamivir: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Zanamivir iyikhambi elilwa namagciwane elisiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulwe negciwane lomkhuhlane. Yimithi kadokotela eza ngesimo somuthi oyimpushana owuphefumula ngomshini okhethekile wokuphefumula, okwenza ihluke emithini eminingi yomkhuhlane oyigwinyayo njengamaphilisi.

Lo muthi usebenza kahle uma uqala ukuwuthatha emahoreni okuqala angama-48 ngemva kokuzwa izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza amasosha omzimba wakho ukukhuthazeka okusizayo lapho ekudinga kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku zokuqala, ezinzima zokugula.

Yini i-Zanamivir?

I-Zanamivir ingeyeqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-neuraminidase inhibitors. Le mithi iqondiswe ngqo egciwaneni lomkhuhlane futhi isiza ukulivimbela ukuthi lingasakazeki emangqamuzaneni anempilo emzimbeni wakho.

Ngokungafani neminye imithi yomkhuhlane, i-zanamivir iza ngesimo somuthi oyimpushana owomile owuphefumulela ngqo emaphashini akho usebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa nge-Diskhaler. Le ndlela yokuletha ivumela umuthi ukuthi ufinyelele ezindaweni lapho amagciwane omkhuhlane ngokuvamile azala khona kakhulu.

Umuthi wenzelwe ukuthi usebenze ngokumelene namagciwane omkhuhlane A kanye nomkhuhlane B. Nokho, ngeke usize ngemikhuhlane ejwayelekile noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingabangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane.

Isetshenziselwani i-Zanamivir?

I-Zanamivir isebenza ngezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko ekwelapheni nasekuvikeleni umkhuhlane. Ingasiza ekwelapheni izifo zomkhuhlane ezisebenzayo futhi ivimbele umkhuhlane ezimweni ezithile.

Ukwelapha, odokotela banikeza i-zanamivir uma usuvele unezimpawu zomkhuhlane njengomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu emzimbeni, nokukhathala. Umuthi usebenza ukunciphisa ukuthi uzizwa isikhathi esingakanani ugula futhi unganciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu zakho.

Ukuvimbela, i-zanamivir ingase incomwe uma uke wavezwa othile onomkhuhlane kodwa ungaguli okwamanje. Lokhu kusiza ikakhulukazi abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga zomkhuhlane, njengabantu abadala noma labo abanezimo zempilo ezingapheli.

Isebenza Kanjani i-Zanamivir?

I-Zanamivir isebenza ngokuvimba iphrotheni ebizwa nge-neuraminidase edingwa amagciwane omkhuhlane ukuthi asakazeke emzimbeni wakho. Uma le phrotheni ivalekile, amagciwane asanda kwakhiwa abanjwa futhi awasakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthelela amanye amaseli anempilo.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengomuthi olinganiselwe ngamandla emithini elwa namagciwane. Awunamandla njengeminye imithi, kodwa yakhelwe ngqo ukulwa namagciwane omkhuhlane ngempumelelo uma isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Umuthi ufika ngqo emgudwini wakho wokuphefumula ngokuhogela, okusho ukuthi ungaqala ukusebenza lapho amagciwane omkhuhlane ngokuvamile abangela khona izinkinga eziningi. Le ndlela eqondiswe ngqo ingasebenza ngempumelelo kunezithako okufanele zidlule ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya kuqala.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Zanamivir?

Uzothatha i-zanamivir usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile yokuhogela ebizwa nge-Diskhaler eza nomuthi wakho. Umthamo ovamile ukuhogela kabili kabili ngosuku, cishe ngamahora ayi-12.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha i-zanamivir esiswini esingenalutho noma okungenani ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla. Ukudla akudingeki kuphazamise umuthi, kodwa ukuwuthatha ngaphandle kokudla kungakusiza ukuthi ugweme noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okungenzeka.

Nansi indlela yokusebenzisa i-Diskhaler yakho ngendlela efanele:

1. Faka idiski equkethe umuthi kudivayisi
2. Bhoboza ibhamuza ngokuphakamisa nokucindezela isivalo
3. Khipha umoya ngokugcwele, bese ubeka izindebe zakho ngomlomo
4. Phendula ngokushesha nangokujulile ngomlomo wakho
5. Bamba umoya wakho imizuzwana embalwa, bese ukhipha umoya kancane

Geza umlomo wakho ngamanzi ngemva komthamo ngamunye ukuvimbela ukucasuka komphimbo. Uma usebenzisa ezinye izihogeli zezimo ezinjenge-asthma, sebenzisa lezo kuqala, bese ulinda okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-zanamivir.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Zanamivir?

Ukuze welaphe izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezisebenzayo, ngokuvamile uzothatha i-zanamivir izinsuku ezi-5. Le nkambo yokwelashwa ivamise ukuqala ukusebenza ngosuku lokuqala noma olwesibili, ngisho noma ungezwa ngcono ngokushesha.

Uma uthatha i-zanamivir ukuvimbela umkhuhlane ngemva kokuchayeka, udokotela wakho angase ayinikeze izinsuku eziyi-10. Kwezinye izimo, njengangesikhathi sokuqubuka komkhuhlane emphakathini, ungase udinge ukuyithatha izinsuku ezingafika ezingama-28.

Kubalulekile ukuqeda inkambo ephelele yomuthi, ngisho noma uqala ukuzwa ngcono ngaphambi kokuqeda zonke izilinganiso. Ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi libuyele futhi likugulise futhi.

Yiziphi Imiphumela Eceleni ye-Zanamivir?

Abantu abaningi bayayibekezelela i-zanamivir kahle, kodwa njengayo yonke imithi, ingabangela eminye imiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela emibi engathí sina ayivamile.

Imiphumela emibi evamile ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala komphimbo noma ubuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuminyana
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala
• Ikhanda
• Isiyezi
• Isicanucanu noma ukuphatheka kabi kwesisu

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba mnene futhi zithambekele ekuthuthukiseni njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi. Ukugeza umlomo wakho ngemva kwesilinganiso ngasinye kungasiza ukunciphisa ukucasuka komphimbo.

Imiphumela emibi engathí sina kodwa engavamile ihlanganisa izinkinga zokuphefumula noma i-bronchospasm, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifuba somoya noma ezinye izimo zamaphaphu. Uma uhlangabezana nobunzima bokuphefumula obungazelelwe, ukuhoshoza, noma ukuqina kwesifuba, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kakhulu kodwa engathí sina ihlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu komzimba, okungase kubangele ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya. Lezi zindlela zokuphendula zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole i-Zanamivir?

I-Zanamivir ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi izimo ezithile zezempilo noma izimo zenza kungafaneleki ukusebenzisa lo muthi.

Kufanele ukugweme i-zanamivir uma wazi ukuthi unokungezwani komzimba emuthini noma kunoma yiziphi izithako zawo. Abantu abanesifuba somoya esibi noma isifo sokuvinjelwa kwamaphaphu esingapheli (COPD) kungenzeka futhi badinge ukukugwema, njengoba impushana ekhuthazwayo ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala ngokuvamile akufanele zisebenzise i-zanamivir ngoba zingase zibe nobunzima ekusebenziseni kahle idivayisi yokuphefumula. Umuthi udinga ukuxhumana okuhle kanye nekhono lokuphefumula ukuze usebenze kahle.

Abantu abanesifo sezinso esibi kungenzeka badinge ukulungiswa komthamo noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela ukusebenza kwezinso zakho lapho enquma ukuthi i-zanamivir ilungele yini wena.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, xoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ngenkathi i-zanamivir ibonakala iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukulinganisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokumelene nanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Zanamivir

I-Zanamivir itholakala kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo elithi Relenza. Lolu wuhlobo oluyinhloko olungenzeka ukuthi uzohlangana nalo lapho udokotela wakho ekunikeza lo muthi.

I-Relenza iza nedivayisi yayo ye-Diskhaler kanye namadiski azungezisayo aqukethe umuthi. Idiski ngalinye linemithamo eminingi, futhi uzozungezisa endaweni entsha yokuphefumula ngakunye.

Njengamanje, azikho izinhlobo ezivamile ze-zanamivir ezitholakala emazweni amaningi, ngakho i-Relenza isahlala iyindlela enkulu yokwelapha leli khambi elithile elilwa namagciwane.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Zanamivir

Uma i-zanamivir ingakulungele, eminye imithi eminingi elwa namagciwane ingelapha noma ivimbele umkhuhlane. Ukukhetha kuncike esimweni sakho esithile nezidingo zempilo.

I-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) cishe iyindlela eyaziwa kakhulu. Iza ngesimo samaphilisi noma uketshezi oluthathwa ngomlomo, abanye abantu abakuthola kulula kunokusebenzisa i-inhaler. Njenge-zanamivir, isebenza kahle uma iqala kungakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela ekuqaliseni kwezimpawu.

I-Peramivir (Rapivab) enye inketho enikezwa njengomthamo owodwa we-intravenous endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lokhu kungakhethwa kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo noma ukusebenzisa ama-inhaler ngempumelelo.

I-Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) iyi-antiviral entsha esebenza ngendlela ehlukile ku-zanamivir. Ithathwa njengomthamo owodwa womlomo, okuthandwa abanye abantu ngenxa yokulula.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, ezinye izimo zempilo, nokuthi ukwazi kahle kangakanani ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi lapho encoma i-antiviral engcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Ingabe i-Zanamivir Ingcono Kune-Oseltamivir?

Kokubili i-zanamivir ne-oseltamivir ziyimithi ye-antiviral esebenzayo, kodwa ngamunye unokuhle nokubi okwenza ukuthi ilungele abantu nezimo ezihlukene.

I-Zanamivir ingase ibe nomkhawulo omncane mayelana nokumelana negciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ziye zakha ukumelana ne-oseltamivir, kodwa ukumelana ne-zanamivir kuhlala kungavamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-zanamivir ingase isebenze kangcono ekuvimbeleni amagciwane athile omkhuhlane.

Kodwa-ke, i-oseltamivir ivame ukulula ngoba iza ngamaphilisi noma uketshezi olugwinyayo, kunokudinga i-inhaler ekhethekile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ezinganeni, kubantu asebekhulile, noma kunoma ngubani onobunzima ngama-inhaler ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo.

I-Zanamivir ivame ukubangela imiphumela emibi emincane ehlobene nesisu njengokucasuka nokuhlanza, okuvame kakhulu nge-oseltamivir. Kodwa ingabangela ukucasuka okwengeziwe kokuphefumula ngenxa yendlela yokuphefumula.

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umuthi ofaneleka kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile, ecabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, ezinye izimo zempilo, kanye nekhono lakho lokusebenzisa umuthi ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Zanamivir

Ingabe i-Zanamivir Iphephile Ku-Asthma?

I-Zanamivir idinga ukuqapha okukhethekile kubantu abanesifuba somoya noma ezinye izimo zokuphefumula. Umuthi unikezwa njengempuphu ehlotshisiwe, okungase ngezinye izikhathi kuqale i-bronchospasm noma ubunzima bokuphefumula kubantu abanemigudu yomoya ebucayi.

Uma unesifuba somoya, udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ngaphambi kokunquma i-zanamivir. Ungase udinge ukuba ne-inhaler yakho yokuhlenga eduze lapho uthatha umthamo wakho wokuqala, futhi udokotela wakho angase afune ukukuqapha eduze.

Abantu abanesifuba somoya esilawulwa kahle, esingathí sina bangase bakwazi ukusebenzisa i-zanamivir ngokuphepha, kodwa labo abanesifuba somoya esibi noma esingalawuleki kahle ngokuvamile badinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umkhuhlane. Njalo xoxa umlando wakho wesifuba somoya nezimpawu zamanje nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngisebenzisa Ngengozi I-Zanamivir Eningi Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-zanamivir eningi kunaleyo enqunyiwe, ungangeni ekuqeqesheni. Ukweqisa ngalo muthi akuvamile futhi ngokuvamile akubangeli ingozi enkulu.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha ukuze ubike ukweqisa futhi uthole isiqondiso esithile. Bangase bancomise ukuqapha imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe efana nokucasuka komphimbo, ukukhwehlela, noma izinkinga zokuphefumula.

Izimpawu eziningi zokweqisa nge-zanamivir ziyizandiso zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile. Ungase uhlangabezane nokucasuka komphimbo okukhulu, ukukhwehlela, noma ukungakhululeki kokuphefumula. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi nokugwema imithamo eyengeziwe kuze kube yilapho ukhuluma nomhlinzeki wezempilo kuvame ukunconywa.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngiphuthelwa Umthamo We-Zanamivir?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-zanamivir, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, kodwa kuphela uma sekudlule amahora angaphansi kwangu-4 kusukela ngesikhathi somthamo wakho ohleliwe. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi ohlelweni lwakho.

Uma sekudlule amahora angaphezu kwangu-4, noma uma sekuseduze isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe, weqa umthamo owuphuthelwe bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile lokuthatha imithi. Ungalokothi uthathe umthamo ophindwe kabili ukuze ulungise owuphuthelwe.

Zama ukuhlukanisa imithamo yakho esele ngendlela elingana ngangokunokwenzeka usuku lonke. Uma unenkinga yokukhumbula imithamo, setha ama-alamu ocingweni noma cela ilungu lomndeni ukuthi likusize ukukukhumbuza. Ukuthatha imithi ngokuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze umuthi usebenze ngempumelelo ngokuqeda igciwane lomkhuhlane.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha i-Zanamivir?

Kufanele uqede lonke uhlelo lwe-zanamivir njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngaphambi kokuqeda yonke imithamo. Ukuze welashwe izimpawu zomkhuhlane, lokhu kuvamile ukuba yizinsuku ezi-5 zokwelashwa.

Ukuyeka umuthi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungavumela igciwane lomkhuhlane ukuthi libuye futhi likwenze ugule futhi. Kungase futhi kwandise ingozi yokuthi igciwane likwazi ukumelana nomuthi.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi engathi sína noma unezinkathazo mayelana nokuqhubeka nomuthi, xhumana nodokotela wakho kunokuyeka ngokwakho. Bangakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo nezingozi futhi banqume ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze esimweni sakho esithile.

Ngingayithatha i-Zanamivir neminye imithi?

I-Zanamivir ngokuvamile ayinazo izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisana neminye imithi, kodwa kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo.

Uma usebenzisa eminye imithi ephefumulwayo yezimo ezinjenge-asthma noma i-COPD, uzodinga ukuyihlela ngokucophelela. Sebenzisa ama-inhaler akho e-bronchodilator kuqala, bese ulinda okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-zanamivir ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokuphefumula ezingase zibe khona.

Imithi yokugoma yomkhuhlane yomlomo engaphiliyo akufanele inikezwe phakathi kwamasonto ama-2 ngaphambi noma amahora angama-48 ngemva kokuthatha i-zanamivir, njengoba umuthi olwa namagciwane ungase uphazamise ukusebenza kahle komgomo. Udokotela wakho uzoqondanisa isikhathi uma udinga zombili izindlela zokwelapha.