Zanamivir (indlela yokuphefumula)
Imikhiqizo etholakalayo
Relenza
Mayelana naleli khambi
IZanamivir iyingxenye yomndeni wemithi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-antivirals, esetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-viruses. I-Zanamivir isebenza ekwelapheni ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-flu virus (influenza A ne-influenza B). Le mithi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-swine influenza A. I-Zanamivir inganciphisa izimpawu ze-flu (ubuthakathaka, ikhanda, umkhuhlane, ukukhokha, iphunga noma isifuba esivalekile, nobuhlungu ehlombe) ngosuku olu-1 kuya ku-1.5. I-Zanamivir ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-influenza uma ube nokuthintana eduze nomuntu onayo i-flu. Le mithi kufanele iqalwe phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili ukuba nezimpawu ze-flu. I-Zanamivir ngeke ikugcine ungasakaza i-flu virus kwabanye abantu. Ingasebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu. I-Zanamivir ingase ingabi yakho uma ugula kakhulu noma une-breathing problem (isib. i-asthma noma i-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Uma uthola i-flu vaccine unyaka wonke, qhubeka ukwenza kanjalo. I-Zanamivir ayisiyona isikhumulo se-flu shot yakho yonyaka. Le mithi itholakala kuphela ngesikripthi sedokotela wakho. Lo mkhiqizo utholakala ngezindlela zokulinganisa ezilandelayo:
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli khambi
Ekucatshangeni kokusebenzisa imithi, izingozi zokuthatha imithi kufanele ziqhathaniswe nezinzuzo ezizoletha. Lo ngumqondo owenzayo wena nodokotela wakho. Kule mithi, okulandelayo kufanele kucabangelwe: Tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluhlukile noma ukusabela okungokwe-alerji kule mithi noma kunoma iyiphi enye imithi. Tshela futhi ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo uma unezinye izinhlobo zokungezwani, njengokudla, izibhebhe, izigcini, noma izilwane. Ngomkhiqizo ongenayo iresiphi, funda ilebula noma izithako zephakheji ngokucophelela. Izifundo ezifanele azikwenzelwanga ubudlelwano bobudala nemiphumela yezanamivir ekwelapheni i-influenza kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-7 ubudala nokuphepha i-influenza kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 ubudala. Ukuphepha nokuphumelela akukaqiniswa kulawo maqembu eminyaka. Qaphela: Lolu lwemi lusekhona eCanada. Akululeki kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12 ubudala. Izifundo ezifanele ezenziwe kuze kube manje azibonisi izinkinga ezikhethekile zabantu abadala ezingalinda ukusetshenziswa kwezanamivir kubantu abadala. Noma kunjalo, iziguli ezikhulile zingaba nokuzwela okukhulu kwimiphumela yale mithi kunabantu abadala abasebancane, okungase kudinge ukuba qaphele kubantu abamukela i-zanamivir. Ayikho izifundo ezifanele kwabesifazane zokunquma ingozi yengane uma usebenzisa le mithi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Linganisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona nezingozi ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthatha le mithi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Nakuba ezinye izimithi kufanele zingasetshenziswa ndawonye nhlobo, kwezinye izimo imithi emibili ehlukene ingasetshenziswa ndawonye ngisho noma kungenzeka ukuhlangana. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase afune ukushintsha umthamo, noma ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha kungase kudingeke. Tshela ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo uma uthatha noma iyiphi enye imithi yomthetho noma engelona iresiphi (over-the-counter [OTC]). Ezinye izimithi akufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi noma eduze kwesikhathi sokudla ukudla noma ukudla izinhlobo ezithile zokudla njengoba kungenzeka ukuhlangana. Ukusebenzisa utshwala noma utshaba ngezinye izimithi kungabangela ukuhlangana. Xoxa nochwepheshe bakho bezempilo ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yakho ngokudla, utshwala, noma utshaba. Ukuba khona kwezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha kungathinta ukusetshenziswa kwale mithi. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma unezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi:
Indlela yokusebenzisa leli khambi
Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokuthi uthole i-flu shot uma ungakaze uyithole. Leli yona imithi isebenza kangcono uma isebenziwe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuboshwa abantu abane-flu. Uma usuvele une-flu,qhubeka nokusebenzisa leli yona imithi isikhathi sonke sokwelashwa ngisho noma uqale ukuzizwa kangcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwakho ngokuphelele. Uma uqeda ukusebenzisa leli yona imithi ngokushesha kakhulu, izimpawu zakho zingabuya. Leli yona imithi kufanele ithathwe izinsuku eziyi-5. I-zanamivir ephuzwayo kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela nge-inhaler ekhethekile (Diskhaler®). Ungaxubeki leli yona imithi nezinye izixazululo. Ungayisebenzisi leli yona imithi kunoma iyiphi i-nebulizer noma i-ventilator yomshini. Leli yona imithi ngokuvamile liza nemiyalo yokuqondisa. Zifunde ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imithi. Uma ungawaqondi imiyalo noma awuqiniseki ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler, cela udokotela wakho ukuba akubonise ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani. Ukulayisha i-inhaler: Ukusebenzisa i-inhaler: Uma futhi usebenzisa enye i-bronchodilator ephuzwayo (ib., i-albuterol, i-Atrovent®, i-Combivent®, noma i-Serevent®), yisebenzise ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-zanamivir. Inani leli yona imithi lizohluka kubantu abahlukene. Landela imiyalo yodokotela wakho noma imiyalo esemthethweni. Ulwazi olulandelayo luhlanganisa kuphela amanani aphakathi aleli yona imithi. Uma inani lakho lihlukile, ungalishintshi ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akuqondise ukuba wenze njalo. Inani lemithi oyithatha lixhomeke emandleni emithi. Futhi, inani lemithi oyithatha nsuku zonke, isikhathi esivunyelwe phakathi kwemithi, nobude besikhathi oyithatha imithi kuya ngenkinga yezokwelapha oyisebenzisela imithi. Uma uphuthelwa yidosi yaleli yona imithi, yithathe ngokushesha okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, uma sekusondele isikhathi sedosi yakho elandelayo, suka ngedosi ophuthelwe yona bese ubuyela esikhathini sakho sokuthola imithi. Ungawandisi ama-doses. Uma uphuthelwa yidosi noma ukhohlwe ukuyisebenzisa, yisebenzise ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle uma kungaphansi kwamahora angu-2 ngaphambi kwedosi yakho elandelayo. Sebenzisa idosi yakho elandelayo ngesikhathi esivamile. Ungasebenzisi imithi eyengeziwe ukuze uthole idosi ophuthelwe yona. Gcina imithi esikhwameni se-foil kuze kube yilapho usulungele ukuyisebenzisa. Gcina kubushushu begumbi, kude nokushisa nokukhanya okuqondile. Ungayigandisi. Gcina ingafinyeleleki kubantwana. Ungagcini imithi esele iphelile noma imithi engasasetshenziswa. Buza ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo ukuthi kufanele uyilahla kanjani noma iyiphi imithi ongayisebenzisi.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.