Yini i-Zidovudine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Zidovudine iyikhambi elilwa namagciwane elisiza ukulwa ne-HIV, igciwane elibangela i-AIDS. Uma inikezwa nge-IV (indlela ye-intravenous), iletha umuthi ngqo emjondolo wakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusheshayo nokulawulwayo.

Lo muthi ungoweqembu elibizwa ngokuthi ama-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, asebenza ngokuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingazikopishi emzimbeni wakho. Ngenkathi ingakwazi ukwelapha i-HIV, i-zidovudine isiza ukunciphisa igciwane futhi ivikele amasosha akho omzimba ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo.

Yini i-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine ingenye yemithi yokuqala ye-HIV eyake yathuthukiswa, futhi isahlala iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-HIV namuhla. Ifomu le-intravenous lisho ukuthi umuthi ungena ngqo emthanjeni wakho ngeshubhu elincane noma inaliti.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokuvamile lisebenzisa i-IV zidovudine uma ungenakukwazi ukuthatha amaphilisi ngomlomo noma uma kudingeka baqinisekise amazinga emithi anembile egazini lakho. Lokhu kungenzeka uma usemtholampilo, uhlinzwa, noma ubhekene nesicanucanu esibi esikuvimbela ukuthi ungagcini imithi yomlomo.

Ifomu le-IV lisebenza ngokushesha kunephilisi ngoba lidlula ngokuphelele uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kunikezwa okuqondile kungasiza ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokwelashwa ezibucayi noma lapho uqala ukwelashwa kwe-HIV okokuqala ngqa.

Isetshenziselwani i-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine IV isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe neminye imithi ye-HIV. Isetshenziselwa futhi ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuzalwa.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-IV zidovudine uma usanda kutholwa ukuthi une-HIV futhi udinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, noma uma ushintsha emithini yomlomo okwesikhashana. Izibhedlela zivame ukuyisebenzisela iziguli ezingakwazi ukugwinya amaphilisi ngenxa yokugula noma izinqubo zezokwelapha.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, abahlinzeki bezempilo basebenzisa i-zidovudine IV ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngemva kokuchayeka ngengozi, njengokulimala ngezinaliti kubasebenzi bezempilo. Lokhu kwelashwa, okubizwa ngokuthi i-post-exposure prophylaxis, kusebenza kahle uma kuqala emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuchayeka.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine isebenza ngokukhohlisa i-HIV ukuthi isebenzise izinto zokwakha ezingamanga uma izama ukuzikopisha. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza igciwane izingxenye ezinamaphutha uma lizama ukwakha amakhophi amasha alo.

I-HIV idinga i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse transcriptase ukuze iphindaphindeke ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. I-Zidovudine ibukeka ifana nenye yezinto zokwakha zemvelo i-HIV ezidingayo, ngakho igciwane liyisebenzisa ngephutha esikhundleni sayo. Uma igciwane selihlanganisa i-zidovudine, alikwazi ukuqeda inqubo yokukopisha futhi liyashona.

Lo muthi uthathwa njengomuthi oqinile ngokulinganisela emhlabeni wokwelashwa kwe-HIV. Akuyona inketho entsha noma enamandla kakhulu etholakalayo, kodwa kufakazelwe ukuthi iyasebenza uma isetshenziswa neminye imithi ye-HIV. Indlela yokuhlanganisa isiza ekuvikeleni igciwane ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana kunoma yimuphi umuthi owodwa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Zidovudine?

Njengoba i-zidovudine IV inikezwa ngokuqondile emgudwini wakho wegazi, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokuyithatha nokudla noma amanzi njengemithi yomlomo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokwenza yonke imininingwane yokuphatha yakho.

Umuthi uvame ukunikezwa njenge-infusion ehamba kancane ngaphezu kwamahora angu-1-2 ngomugqa we-IV. Umhlengikazi wakho uzokuqapha ngesikhathi sokufakwa ukuze abheke noma yiziphi izimpendulo ezisheshayo noma imiphumela emibi.

Akudingeki ukuthi ugweme noma yikuphi ukudla okuthile ngenkathi uthola i-zidovudine IV, nakuba ukugcina ukudla okunempilo kusiza ukusekela impilo yakho yonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-HIV. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kungasiza izinso zakho ukuthi zicubungule umuthi ngempumelelo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Eside Kangakanani I-Zidovudine?

Ubude bokwelashwa nge-zidovudine IV buqondene ngokuphelele nesimo sakho esithile nezidingo zakho zezokwelapha. Abanye abantu bayayithola izinsuku ezimbalwa nje ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela, kanti abanye bangase bayidinge amasonto amaningana.

Uma usebenzisa i-zidovudine IV ngoba okwamanje awukwazi ukuthatha imithi yomlomo, cishe uzobuyela emaphilisi uma uzizwa ungcono. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka isikhathi esifanele ngokusekelwe ekululameni kwakho nasekhonweni lakho lokugcina imithi yomlomo phansi.

Ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya enganeni, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqhubeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokuzalwa. Ukuvikelwa ngemva kokuchayeka kuvame ukubandakanya izinsuku ezingama-28 zokwelashwa, nakuba lokhu kungase kuqale ngemithamo ye-IV ngaphambi kokushintshela emithini yomlomo.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Ze-Zidovudine?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-zidovudine ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Ifomu le-IV lingase libangele ezinye izimo ezahlukene uma liqhathaniswa ne-zidovudine yomlomo njengoba lingena ngqo emgudwini wakho wegazi.

Nawa amanye amiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyibone ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokufakwa kwe-IV yakho:

• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza
• Ikhanda
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokungavamile
• Isiyezi
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuqubuka noma ubuhlungu endaweni ye-IV

Le miphumela emibi evamile ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela imithi. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lingasiza ekuphatheni noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuhlangenwe nakho.

Abanye abantu bathola imiphumela emibi engathi sína edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukukwazi:

• I-anemia enkulu (ukwehla kwesibalo samangqamuzana abomvu egazi) okubangela ukukhathala okukhulu nesikhumba esiphaphathekile
• Ukwehla kwesibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okukwenza uthambekele ekuvuvukaleni
• I-lactic acidosis (isimo esingavamile kodwa esibi esibangela ubuhlungu bemisipha nobunzima bokuphefumula)
• Izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi ezinemiphumela efana nokuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo
• Ukuphendula okukhulu komzimba ngokuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizogada izibalo zakho zegazi nomsebenzi wesibindi njalo ukuze libambe noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Abantu abaningi bayamukela i-zidovudine kahle, ikakhulukazi uma iyingxenye yohlelo lokwelapha oluqashwe ngokucophelela.

Ubani Ongafanele Athathwe I-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine ayiphephile kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuyinika. Abantu abanezimo ezithile badinga ukuqapha okwengeziwe noma bangase badinge ukugwema lo muthi ngokuphelele.

Kufanele utshele umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma unanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo ngaphambi kokuqala i-zidovudine IV:

• I-anemia enkulu noma ezinye izifo zegazi
• Isifo sezinso noma ukuncipha komsebenzi wezinso
• Isifo sesibindi noma i-hepatitis
• Umlando we-pancreatitis (ukuqubuka kwamanyikwe)
• Izifo zemisipha noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungachazeki
• Ukuphendula komzimba ngaphambilini ku-zidovudine noma imithi efanayo

Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangathola i-zidovudine IV ngokuphepha ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha, njengoba empeleni kunconywa ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV enganeni. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha wena nomntwana wakho eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Uma uthatha eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta amaseli akho egazi noma isibindi, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa imithamo noma akhethe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Nqamula uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izidakamizwa nezithasiselo ozithathayo.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Zidovudine

I-Zidovudine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningi emikhiqizo, i-Retrovir iyona evame ukwaziwa. Ungase futhi uyibone ibhalwe njenge-AZT, okuyisifinyezo segama layo elingokwamakhemikhali elithi azidothymidine.

Abakhiqizi abahlukene benza izinguqulo ezivamile ze-zidovudine, ngakho ukupakisha nokubukeka kungahluka ngokuya ngenguqulo esetshenziswa yisibhedlela sakho noma umtholampilo. Umuthi ngaphakathi uhlala unjalo kungakhathaliseki igama lomkhiqizo noma umkhiqizi.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenzisa noma iyiphi inguqulo etholakala endaweni yakho yokwelapha. Zonke izinguqulo ze-zidovudine ezivunyelwe yi-FDA zihlangabezana namazinga afanayo ekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle, ngakho ungethemba ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Zidovudine

Eminye imithi ye-HIV ingasebenza njengezinye izindlela ze-zidovudine, kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile nesimo sezempilo. Udokotela wakho angase acabangele lezi zinketho uma i-zidovudine ingakulungele noma uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo.

Ezinye izithiyo ze-nucleoside reverse transcriptase zihlanganisa i-emtricitabine, i-tenofovir, ne-lamivudine. Lezi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-zidovudine kodwa zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zemiphumela emibi namaphethini okumelana.

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV yesimanje ngokuvamile kusebenzisa amakilasi ahlukene emithi ngokuphelele, njengezithiyo ze-integrase noma izithiyo ze-protease. Lezi zinketho ezintsha zingase zibe lula ukuzithatha futhi zibe nemiphumela emibi embalwa, nakuba ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezimweni zakho.

Ingabe i-Zidovudine ingcono kunezinye izidakamizwa ze-HIV?

I-Zidovudine akudingeki ukuthi ingcono noma imbi kunezinye izidakamizwa ze-HIV - imane nje iyithuluzi elilodwa endleleni yokwelapha ebanzi. Umuthi omuhle kakhulu we-HIV uncike egciwaneni lakho elithile, impilo yonke, eminye imithi oyithathayo, nezintandokazi zomuntu siqu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nemithi emisha ye-HIV, i-zidovudine isinesikhathi eside ikhona, ngakho odokotela banolwazi oluningi ngemiphumela yayo nokusebenzisana kwayo. Kodwa-ke, imithi emisha ivame ukuba nemiphumela emincane engemihle kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezilula.

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizocabangela izinto ezinjengokusebenza kwezinso zakho, ezinye izimo zempilo, ukusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwe-HIV onalo lapho ukhetha imithi. Umgomo uhlala ukuthola inhlanganisela esebenza kahle kakhulu kuwe ngemiphumela emincane engemihle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Zidovudine

Ingabe i-Zidovudine iphephile kubantu abanezifo zezinso?

I-Zidovudine ingasetshenziswa kubantu abanezifo zezinso, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi mhlawumbe ukulungiswa komthamo. Izinso zakho zisiza ukususa i-zidovudine emzimbeni wakho, ngakho ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso kungabangela ukuthi umuthi wakheke emazingeni aphezulu.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho ngemivivinyo yegazi ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi aqaphe njalo ngenkathi uthola i-zidovudine IV. Bangase balungise umthamo wakho noma banwebe isikhathi phakathi kwemithamo ukuvimbela ukwakheka komuthi.

Ngingenzani uma ngithola i-Zidovudine eningi ngengozi?

Njengoba i-zidovudine IV inikezwa ochwepheshe bezempilo endaweni elawulwayo, ukweqisa ngengozi akuvamile kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha libala ngokucophelela futhi liqaphe wonke umthamo ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi uthola inani elilungile.

Uma ukhathazekile ngomthamo wakho noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwakho, tshela umhlengikazi wakho noma udokotela ngokushesha. Bangahlola ama-oda akho emithi futhi balungise ukwelashwa kwakho uma kudingeka. Izimpawu ze-zidovudine eningi zingabandakanya isicanucanu esibi, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma ubuthakathaka obungavamile.

Ngingenzani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo we-Zidovudine?

Ukushoda komthamo we-zidovudine IV akunakwenzeka njengoba ochwepheshe bezempilo beyinika ngokuya ngohlelo oluthile. Kodwa-ke, uma ukufakwa kwakho kuhlehliswa noma kuphazanyiswa ngezizathu zezokwelapha, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizothola indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqhubeka.

Bangase bakunikeze umthamo owaphuthelwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, balungise uhlelo lwakho lokulinganisa, noma benze ezinye izinguquko ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okwanele. Ungalokothi uzame "ukubamba" ngokucela imithi eyengeziwe - ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosingatha noma yiziphi izinguquko zohlelo ngokuphepha.

Ngingayeka nini Ukuthatha i-Zidovudine?

Akufanele uyeke i-zidovudine IV ngokwakho - lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ithimba lakho lezempilo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuyeka imithi ye-HIV ngokuzumayo kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha futhi likwazi ukumelana nokwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi uyeka nini i-zidovudine IV ngokusekelwe emigomweni yakho yokwelashwa kanye nesimo sakho samanje sempilo. Uma usuka kuma-IV uya emithini yomlomo, bazoxhumanisa isikhathi ukuze baqinisekise ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwegebe.

Ngingashayela ngemva kokuthola i-Zidovudine IV?

I-Zidovudine ingabangela isiyezi nokukhathala, ikakhulukazi uma uqala ukwelashwa. Akufanele ushayele noma usebenzise imishini uma uzizwa unesiyezi, ukhathele, noma ukhubazekile ngemva kokufakwa kwakho.

Abantu abaningi abathola i-zidovudine IV basezibhedlela noma emitholampilo, ngakho ukushayela ngokuvamile akuyona into ekhathazayo ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kokuthi ushiye isikhungo sokwelashwa, qiniseka ukuthi uzizwa uqaphile futhi uzinzile ezinyaweni zakho. Uma ungaqiniseki ngekhono lakho lokushayela ngokuphepha, cela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya.