Yini i-Zidovudine: Ukusetshenziswa, Umthamo, Imiphumela Eceleni nokuningi

I-Zidovudine iyikhambi elilwa namagciwane elisiza ukulwa ne-HIV, igciwane elibangela i-AIDS. Ingaphansi kweqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, asebenza ngokuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingaphindaphindi emzimbeni wakho.

Lo muthi ukhona kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980 futhi empeleni wawuyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha i-HIV. Ngenkathi imithi emisha ye-HIV ivame ukukhethwa namuhla, i-zidovudine isanendima ebalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-HIV, ikakhulukazi ekuvikeleni ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka kunina kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yini i-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine iyikhambi le-HIV elinciphisa ikhono legciwane lokuzala ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Ungase futhi uzwe libizwa ngesifinyezo salo esithi AZT noma igama lalo lomkhiqizo elithi Retrovir.

Cabanga nge-HIV njengokuzama ukwenza amakhophi awo ngokusebenzisa imishini yamaselula yomzimba wakho. I-Zidovudine isebenza njengokwakha okungaphelele okufakwa kula makhophi, okubangela ukuthi angaphelele futhi angasebenzi. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa inani legciwane egazini lakho, okubizwa ngokuthi umthwalo wakho wegciwane.

Umuthi uza ngesimo samaphilisi kanye nesixazululo somlomo, okwenza ukuthi kufinyeleleke kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezidinga ukwelashwa kwe-HIV.

Isetshenziselwani i-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine iphatha ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu abadala nezingane ezinobunzima obungamakhilogremu angu-4 (cishe amaphawundi angu-9). Ihlala isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neminye imithi ye-HIV, hhayi yodwa.

Umuthi usebenza ngezinhloso eziningana ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwe-HIV. Okokuqala, isiza ukunciphisa umthwalo wegciwane kubantu abanokutheleleka kwe-HIV okusunguliwe uma ihlanganiswe neminye imithi elwa namagciwane. Okwesibili, ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kusuka konina abakhulelwe kuya ezinganeni zabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umsebenzi, nokubeletha.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo nabo ngezinye izikhathi banikeza i-zidovudine ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinomama abane-HIV, ngokuvamile emasontweni ayisithupha okuqala empilo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izingane ezingase zibe sengozini yegciwane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine isebenza ngokungenelela ikhono le-HIV lokuzala ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho omzimba. Ithathwa njengomuthi we-HIV olungile oqondiswe esinyathelweni esithile emjikelezweni wempilo wegciwane.

Lapho i-HIV ingena emaseleni akho, isebenzisa i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse transcriptase ukuguqula izinto zayo zofuzo zibe yifomu elingahlanganiswa ne-DNA yakho yeseli. I-Zidovudine ilingisa elinye lamabhulokhi okwakha emvelo le-enzyme eliwadingayo, kodwa empeleni yinguqulo eyimbumbulu.

Uma i-enzyme ihlanganisa i-zidovudine ochungechungeni lwe-DNA yegciwane elikhulayo, uchungechunge luqeda ngokushesha futhi alusebenzi. Lokhu kuvimbela igciwane ekupheleni komjikelezo walo wokuzala nokwenza amakhophi amasha awo.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Kanjani I-Zidovudine?

Thatha i-zidovudine ngendlela eqondile udokotela wakho ayikunikeza ngayo, ngokuvamile njalo emahoreni ayi-12 noma njengoba uqondisiwe. Ungayithatha ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, nakuba abanye abantu bekuthola kulula esiswini sabo uma bethathwa nokudla okulula.

Gwinya amaphilisi wonke ngengilazi yamanzi egcwele. Uma usebenzisa isixazululo somlomo, linganisa umthamo wakho ngokucophelela ngedivayisi yokulinganisa enikeziwe, hhayi isipuni sasekhaya. Uketshezi lungaxutshwa nenani elincane lokudla uma kudingeka ukwenza kube mnandi.

Zama ukuthatha imithamo yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze ugcine amazinga aqhubekayo omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Ukusetha ama-alamu ocingweni noma ukusebenzisa umhleli wamaphilisi kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale emgqeni ngeshejuli yakho yokulinganisa.

Kufanele Ngiyithathe Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Zidovudine?

Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukuthatha i-zidovudine isikhathi eside njengoba udokotela wakho encoma, okuyinto evame ukuba yisikhathi eside sokwelashwa kwe-HIV. Imithi ye-HIV isebenza kahle uma ithathwa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezinokutheleleka nge-HIV, i-zidovudine ngokuvamile iyingxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa oluhlala impilo yonke. Ukuyeka umuthi kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphinde lizale futhi likwazi ukumelana nemithi.

Uma uthatha i-zidovudine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka kumama kuya enganeni, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqondiso esiqondile sokuthi uqhubeke isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ngokuvamile ziyayithola cishe amasonto ayisithupha ngemva kokuzalwa.

Yiziphi Izimo Ezingezinhle Ze-Zidovudine?

Njengayo yonke imithi, i-zidovudine ingabangela imiphumela emibi, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Imiphumela eminingi emibi iyalawuleka futhi ivame ukuthuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi.

Nansi imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu nokukhathala
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuthakathaka
• Ubunzima bokulala
• Ukuqunjelwa noma ukuphatheka kabi kwesisu

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba buthaka kuya phakathi nendawo futhi zivame ukungabonakali ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ingenzeka, nakuba ingavamile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-anemia eqinile (ukwehla kwesibalo samangqamuzana abomvu egazi), okungenza uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu futhi ubuthakathaka. Abanye abantu bangase futhi babe nokwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, okungathinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo.

Ngokuvamile kakhulu, i-zidovudine ingabangela isimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-lactic acidosis, lapho i-asidi yakheka egazini lakho. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhathala okungavamile, ubuhlungu besisu, ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Enye imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa engathi sína yizinkinga ezinzima zesibindi, ezingase zibangele ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uthola noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engathi sína noma eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ukukhathala okungavamile, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi.

Ubani Ongafanele Athole I-Zidovudine?

I-Zidovudine ayifanele wonke umuntu, futhi udokotela wakho uzocabangela ngokucophelela ukuthi ikufanele yini. Akufanele usebenzise lo muthi uma unenkinga yokungezwani komzimba ne-zidovudine noma yiziphi izithako zayo.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha badinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuqala i-zidovudine. Uma une-anemia enkulu noma inani eliphansi lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, udokotela wakho kungadingeka ukuthi aqale alathe lezi zimo noma akhethe omunye umuthi we-HIV.

Labo abanezifo zesibindi, izinkinga zezinso, noma umlando we-pancreatitis badinga ukuqashwa ngokucophelela ngenkathi bethatha i-zidovudine. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo cishe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile ukuze ahlolisise ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho, ukusebenza kwezinso, kanye nenani lamangqamuzana egazi.

Yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo. Eminye imithi ingase ihlangane ne-zidovudine, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi engathinta amangqamuzana akho egazi noma ukusebenza kwesibindi.

Amagama Omkhiqizo we-Zidovudine

I-Zidovudine itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama amaningana omkhiqizo, i-Retrovir iyona eyaziwa kakhulu. Le nguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo yenziwa yi-ViiV Healthcare futhi iza ngesimo sama-capsule kanye nesixazululo somlomo.

Izinhlobo ze-generic ze-zidovudine nazo ziyatholakala kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlobo ze-generic ziqukethe isithako esifanayo esisebenzayo futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo njengenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo, ngokuvamile ngentengo ephansi.

Ikhemisi lakho lingase lithathele indawo i-zidovudine ye-generic ngenguqulo yegama lomkhiqizo ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ecela ngokuqondile igama lomkhiqizo. Zombili izinhlobo zihlangabezana namazinga afanayo ekhwalithi nokuphepha.

Ezinye izindlela ze-Zidovudine

Eminye imithi eminingana ye-HIV ingase isebenze njengezinye izindlela ze-zidovudine, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile nezidingo zokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici ezinjengomthwalo wakho wegciwane, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi lapho ekhetha inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ezinye izithiyo ze-nucleoside reverse transcriptase zihlanganisa i-emtricitabine, i-tenofovir, kanye ne-abacavir. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela efana ne-zidovudine kodwa ingase ibe nemiphumela ehlukile noma amashejuli okulinganisa.

Ukwelashwa kwesimanje kwe-HIV kuvame ukusebenzisa amaphilisi ahlanganisiwe aqukethe imithi eminingi kuthebhulethi eyodwa. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Biktarvy, i-Descovy, kanye ne-Truvada, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ye-HIV ukuze kube lula ukulinganisa.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuthola uhlelo olufanele kakhulu lokwelashwa kwe-HIV olususelwe ezimweni zakho ngazinye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Ingabe i-Zidovudine Ingcono Kune-Tenofovir?

Kokubili i-zidovudine ne-tenofovir ziyimithi ye-HIV esebenzayo, kodwa ngamunye unamathuba ahlukene kanye nezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ukukhetha

Ucwaningo lweshumi leminyaka lubonise ukuthi i-zidovudine inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV enganeni yakho uma isetshenziswa njengengxenye yeqhinga elibanzi lokuvimbela. Izinzuzo zokwelashwa zidlula kakhulu noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona.

Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha wena nengane yakho ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi angase alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Abesifazane abaningi baqhubeka nokuthatha i-zidovudine ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemisebenzi.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngithatha Ngengozi I-Zidovudine Eningi Kakhulu?

Uma ngengozi uthatha i-zidovudine eningi kakhulu kunaleyo ebekiwe, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma isikhungo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Ukuthatha okuningi kakhulu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi engathi sína, ikakhulukazi ethinta amaseli akho egazi.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi uzizwa ulungile yini. Noma ngabe awuziboni izimpawu ngokushesha, ukweqisa kungase kubangele izinkinga ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Uma ushayela, yiba nebhodlela lemithi nawe ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza imininingwane ethile mayelana nokuthi uthathe malini nokuthi nini. Lokhu kusiza abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi banqume inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwenza.

Kufanele Ngenzeni Uma Ngedlula Umthamo We-Zidovudine?

Uma udlula umthamo we-zidovudine, yithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngaphandle uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo ohleliwe. Kulokho, weqa umthamo odlulisiwe bese uqhubeka nohlelo lwakho lokulinganisa olujwayelekile.

Ungalokothi uthathe imithamo emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ulungise umthamo odlulisiwe, ngoba lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yemiphumela emibi. Esikhundleni salokho, buyela emuva ohlelweni lwakho olujwayelekile.

Zama ukunciphisa imithamo edlulisiwe ngokumisa izikhumbuzi ocingweni lwakho noma usebenzise umhleli wamaphilisi. Ukulinganisa kwansuku zonke okuqhubekayo kusiza ukugcina amazinga asebenzayo omuthi emzimbeni wakho.

Ngingayeka Nini Ukuthatha I-Zidovudine?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-zidovudine ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukuyeka imithi ye-HIV ngokuzumayo kungavumela igciwane ukuthi liphindaphindeke ngokushesha futhi mhlawumbe lithuthukise ukumelana nemithi.

Udkt wakho uzohlola njalo izinga lakho le-viral kanye nempilo yakho yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa ezidingekayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, bangase bakushintshele ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ehlukile ye-HIV, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha.

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi okwenza kube nzima ukuqhubeka nokuthatha i-zidovudine, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bavame ukukwazi ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa noma banikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukusiza ukuphatha imiphumela emibi.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi ngithatha i-Zidovudine?

Ngenkathi kungekho ukuvinjelwa okuphelele ekuphuzeni utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-zidovudine, kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Kokubili utshwala ne-zidovudine kungathinta isibindi sakho, ngakho ukuzihlanganisa kungase kwandise ingozi yezinkinga zesibindi.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza utshwala, kwenze ngokulinganisela futhi uxoxe ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakusiza ukuthi uqonde noma yiziphi izingozi ezengeziwe ngokuya ngempilo yakho yonke neminye imithi oyithathayo.

Khumbula ukuthi utshwala bungaphazamisa nekhono lakho lokuthatha imithi ngokuqhubekayo futhi bungase buthakathise amasosha akho omzimba, okubaluleke kakhulu ukukucabangela uma uphatha i-HIV.