Ziyini Izigaxa Zegazi? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Ekhaya

Izigaxa zegazi ziyindlela yemvelo yomzimba wakho yokumisa ukopha uma ulimala. Zicabange njengamaqhekeza amancane akheka lapho igazi liqina futhi linamathela ndawonye ukuvala ukusikwa noma amanxeba. Ngenkathi le nqubo yokujiya ibalulekile ekupholiseni, izinkinga zingavela lapho izigaxa zakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho yegazi lapho kungafanele, noma lapho zingancibiliki kahle ngemuva kokwenza umsebenzi wazo.

Ziyini Izigaxa Zegazi?

Izigaxa zegazi ziyizinhlaka ezinjenge-gel ezakheka lapho igazi eliwuketshezi lishintsha libe yisimo esiqinile. Umzimba wakho uzidala ngenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya ama-platelet (amaseli amancane egazi) namaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi izici zokujiya ezisebenza ndawonye njengebhandishi lemvelo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezigaxa zegazi okufanele uzazi. Izigaxa zemithambo yegazi zikheka emithanjeni ethwala igazi elinothile nge-oksijini lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Izigaxa zemithambo zithuthuka emithanjeni ebuyisa igazi emuva enhliziyweni yakho, futhi lezi zivamile kunezinhlobo zemithambo yegazi.

Indawo lapho kwakheka khona igaxa inquma ukuthi ingaba yingozi kangakanani. Izigaxa emilenzeni yakho, emaphashini, noma ebuchosheni zingakhathaza ikakhulukazi ngoba zingavimba ukuhamba kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomzimba.

Zizizwa Kanjani Izigaxa Zegazi?

Izigaxa zegazi zingazizwa ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngokuthi zikheka kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Abantu abaningi bachaza umuzwa njengobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, obujulile obungapheli ngokuphumula noma izinguquko zesikhundla.

Uma uneqhubu emlenzeni wakho, ungase uqaphele ukuvuvukala, ukufudumala, nobuhlungu endaweni ethintekile. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuqala ematholeni akho futhi bungazizwa njengomkhuhlane noma i-charley horse engeke ixazululwe. Isikhumba sakho singase sibonakale sibomvu noma sinombala.

Izigaxa emaphashini akho zingabangela ukuphefumula ngokushesha, ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obuba bukhulu uma uphefumula ngokujulile, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Abanye abantu futhi bahlangabezana nokukhwehlela okungase kukhiqize amafinyila anegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuzona zonke izigaxa zegazi ezibangela izimpawu ezisobala. Abanye abantu banazo izigaxa odokotela abazibiza ngokuthi "ezithule" ezingakhiqizi izimpawu ezibonakalayo kuze kube yilapho seziba zimbi kakhulu.

Zibangelwa yini izigaxa zegazi?

Izigaxa zegazi zenzeka lapho uhlelo lomzimba lwakho lokujiya igazi olungokwemvelo luba ngaphezu kwamandla noma lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kwehla kakhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi ungasengozini enkulu nini.

Nawa amaphuzu avamile kakhulu angabangela ukwakheka kwezigaxa zegazi:

• Ukunganyakazi isikhathi eside ngenxa yezindiza ezinde, ukuphumula embhedeni, noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside
• Ukuhlinzwa noma ukulimala okukhulu okulimaza imithambo yegazi
• Imithi ethile efana namaphilisi okulawula inzalo noma ukwelashwa ngamaphilisi amahomoni
• Ukukhulelwa nesikhathi sangemva kokubeletha ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni
• Ukubhema, okulimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi futhi kuthinte ukujikeleza kwegazi
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okwenza igazi libe mnyinyi futhi lithambekele ekujiyeni
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kwandise ingcindezi emithanjeni

Abanye abantu futhi banezimo ezigulwa ngemvelo ezenza igazi labo lithambekele ekujiyeni. Lezi zinto zemvelo, ezihlanganiswe nendlela yokuphila noma izinto ezibangela imvelo, zingakhuphula kakhulu ingozi yokujiya kwegazi.

Izigaxa zegazi ziyisibonakaliso sani noma isimpawu sani?

Izigaxa zegazi zingaba yizimpawu zezimo ezihlukahlukene zempilo ezingaphansi ezithinta ikhono legazi lakho lokugeleza ngendlela evamile. Ukuqaphela lezi zixhumano kukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani izigaxa zingase zenzeke.

Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha zingakwenza ukuthi uthambekele ekuthuthukiseni izigaxa zegazi:

• I-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), lapho amahlule akheka emithanjeni ejulile, ngokuvamile emilenzeni
• I-pulmonary embolism, lapho ihlule lihamba liye emaphashini akho
• I-Atrial fibrillation, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okungabangela ukuthi igazi liqoqane
• Umdlavuza, ongavula uhlelo lomzimba wakho lokujiya kwegazi
• Izifo ze-Autoimmune ezifana ne-lupus noma i-antiphospholipid syndrome
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho ukujikeleza okubi kwegazi kwandisa ingozi yamahlule
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, esingathinta ukujiya kwegazi

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amahlule egazi angase abonise izifo zokujiya kwegazi ezizuzwe njengefa ezifana nokuntuleka kwe-Factor V Leiden noma ukuntuleka kwe-protein C. Lezi zimo zemvelo zithinta indlela igazi lakho eligiya ngayo futhi lincibilike ngokwemvelo.

Ngezinye izikhathi amahlule egazi angaba yizimpawu zokuqala zokuxwayisa ngezimo ezingathi sína njengokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma akheka emithanjeni enikeza ubuchopho noma inhliziyo.

Ingabe amahlule egazi anganyamalala ngokwawo?

Amahle egazi amancane ngezinye izikhathi angancibilika ngokwemvelo ngohlelo lomzimba wakho olwakhelwe ngaphakathi olubizwa ngokuthi i-fibrinolysis. Le nqubo ichitha amahlule isebenzisa ama-enzyme umzimba wakho owakhiqizayo ngokuqondile ngenjongo yoku.

Nokho, akufanele neze ucabange ukuthi ihlule legazi lizozixazulula ngokwalo, ikakhulukazi uma unezimpawu. Amahlule amakhulu noma lawo asezindaweni eziyingozi ngokuvamile adinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Ikhono lomzimba wakho lokuncibilikisa amahlule lingathintwa yiminyaka, impilo yonke, nosayizi nendawo yehlule. Nakuba amanye amahlule amancane angase axazulule ngaphandle kokungenelela, akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukuthi yimaphi azoba khona nokuthi yimaphi angeke abe khona.

Amahle egazi angelashwa kanjani ekhaya?

Nakuba amahlule egazi ngokuvamile edinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinyathelo zokusekela ongazithatha ekhaya ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho. Lezi zindlela zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi zinciphise ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa amahlule engeziwe.

Nansi eminye imigomo yokunakekela ekhaya engase isize ukusekela ukululama kwakho:

• Hlala unamanzi ngokuphelelisa amanzi amaningi usuku lonke
• Phakamisa imilenze yakho uma uhleli noma ulele ukuze uthuthukise ukuhamba kwegazi
• Gqoka amasokisi okucindezela uma kunconywe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo
• Hamba izinyathelo ezimfushane njalo ukuze ukhuthaze ukujikeleza
• Sebenzisa izindwangu ezifudumele ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki ezindaweni ezithintekile
• Gwema ukuhlala noma ukuma isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le mithi yasekhaya kufanele igcwalise, ingashintshi, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Ungalokothi uzame ukwelapha i-blood clot esolisayo ngemithi yasekhaya kuphela, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezisongela impilo.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha Kwe-Blood Clots?

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwe-blood clots ngokuvamile kuhilela imithi evimbela ama-clots amasha ukuthi akheke futhi isize lawo akhona ukuthi ancibilike. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe endaweni ye-clot, usayizi, nempilo yakho yonke.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi ama-anticoagulants (ama-blood thinners) afana ne-warfarin, heparin, noma imithi emisha efana ne-rivaroxaban. Le mithi ayiwancibilisi ngempela ama-clots akhona kodwa iwavimbela ukuthi angakhuli abe makhulu futhi ayeke ukwakheka kwamasha.

Ezimweni ezingathi sína, odokotela bangasebenzisa i-thrombolytic therapy, ebandakanya imithi encibilikisa ngempela ama-clots. Lokhu kwelashwa ngokuvamile kugcinelwa amacala asongela impilo ngoba linengozi enkulu yezinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke. Izinqubo ezinjenge-thrombectomy zingasusa ngokoqobo ama-clots, kuyilapho izihlungi ze-vena cava zingabekwa ukuze zibambe ama-clots ngaphambi kokuba afinyele emaphashini akho.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela we-Blood Clots?

Kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zikhombe iqhubu legazi. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungavimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína futhi kusindise impilo yakho.

Xhumana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uqaphela lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obuba bukhulu uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu emlenzeni owodwa kanye nobuhlungu nokufudumala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu elinoshintsho embonweni
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho
• Ukukhwehlela igazi noma amafinyila anegazi

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka zodwa. Amaqhubu egazi angahamba ngokushesha ngomgudu wegazi lakho futhi abangele izinkinga ezisongela impilo njenge-pulmonary embolism noma unhlangothi.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zokuthuthukisa Amaqhubu Egaazi?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa amaqhubu egazi. Ezinye izici ongazilawula, kanti ezinye ziyingxenye yezakhi zofuzo zakho noma umlando wezokwelapha.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko zengozi ezingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa amaqhubu egazi:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, njengoba ingozi yokuqina kwegazi ikhuphuka ngokuguga
• Umlando womndeni wamaqhubu egazi noma izifo zokuqina kwegazi
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamuva, ikakhulukazi izinqubo ze-orthopedic noma zesisu
• Ukuphumula embhedeni isikhathi eside noma ukunganyakazi
• Imithi esekelwe kumahomoni noma ukukhulelwa
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza
• Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala
• Ukukhuluphala nge-BMI engaphezu kwama-30

Izici zengozi ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa izimo ezithile ze-autoimmune, isifo sezinso, kanye nezifo zokuqina kwegazi ezizuzwe ngofuzo. Ukuba nezici zengozi eziningi kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba akho okuphelele okuthuthukisa amaqhubu.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingaba Khona Zamaqhubu Egaazi?

Amahlule egazi angaholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína uma evimba ukuhamba kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomzimba noma ephuka futhi ahambe kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Ukuqonda le miphumela engaba khona kugcizelela ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubaluleke kangaka.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína kakhulu zingaba yingozi ekuphileni futhi zidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• I-Pulmonary embolism, lapho i-clot ivimba imithambo emaphapheni akho
• Ukushaywa unhlangothi, lapho ama-clot evimba ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni bakho
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, uma ama-clot akheka emithanjeni ye-coronary
• I-Post-thrombotic syndrome, ebangela ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nesikhathi eside nobuhlungu
• I-Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, eholela ekucindezelekeni kwenhliziyo
• Umonakalo wezinso ovela kuma-clot emithanjeni yegazi ye-renal

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amahlule egazi angabangela ukufa kwezicubu (i-necrosis) uma evimba ngokuphelele ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi endaweni ethile isikhathi eside. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungadinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa noma ngisho nokunqunywa kwezitho emacaleni abucayi.

Abanye abantu baphinde bathuthukise izinkinga ezingapheli njengobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, ukuvuvukala, noma izinguquko zesikhumba ezindaweni lapho ama-clot aye akheka khona ngaphambili. Le miphumela yesikhathi eside ingathinta kakhulu izinga lempilo.

Yini Amahlule Egazi Angadidaniswa Nayo?

Amahlule egazi ngezinye izikhathi angadidaniswa nezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Yingakho ukuhlolwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ekuxilongweni okunembile nokwelashweni okufanele.

Amahlule egazi emilenzeni avame ukudidaniswa nokulimala kwemisipha, imisipha edonsiwe, noma ama-shin splints ngoba angabangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okufanayo. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ubuhlungu be-clot ngokuvamile abuthuthuki ngokuphumula futhi bungase bube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izimpawu ze-Pulmonary embolism zingadidaniswa nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, umkhuhlane wamaphaphu, noma ukuhlaselwa ukukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, ukuqala okungazelelwe kobunzima bokuphefumula okuhlanganiswe nobuhlungu besifuba kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngesinye isikhathi amahlule egazi ebuchosheni angase aphanjaniswe nama-migraines noma ezinye izifo zekhanda, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala. Isici esihlukanisayo ngokuvamile yisimo esibuhlungu, esingazelelwe sekhanda kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-neurological.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nama-Blood Clots

Q1: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-blood clot yakheke?

Ama-blood clots angakheka ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi kungakapheli amahora ngemuva komcimbi obangela njengokuhlinzwa noma ukunganyakazi isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiqondile siyahluka ngokuya ngezici zakho eziyingozi kanye nezimo. Amanye amahlule athuthuka kancane kancane ezinsukwini noma emasontweni, kanti amanye angakheka ngokushesha ngokusabela ekulimaleni okukhulu noma ezinqubweni zezokwelapha.

Q2: Ungazizwa yini i-blood clot ihamba emzimbeni wakho?

Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuzwa i-blood clot ihamba egazini labo. Kodwa-ke, ungase uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezintsha ezingazelelwe lapho i-clot ifinyelela futhi ivimba umthambo wegazi endaweni ehlukile. Isibonelo, uma i-clot yomlenze iphuka futhi iya emaphashini akho, ngokushesha uzoba nobunzima bokuphefumula nobuhlungu besifuba.

Q3: Ingabe ama-blood clots ajwayelekile ezinkathini ezithile?

Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ama-blood clots angase abe njalo kakhulu ngezinyanga zasebusika, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwanda komsebenzi wangaphakathi, ukushoda kwamanzi emzimbeni, kanye nezinguquko emfuthelo wegazi. Kodwa-ke, ama-blood clots angenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, futhi ukwehluka kwesizini kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izici eziyingozi.

Q4: Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela ama-blood clots?

Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-blood clot ngokwandisa ukuvuvukala, ukunyusa umfutho wegazi, nokuthinta indlela igazi lakho eligqama ngayo. Ngenkathi ukucindezeleka kuphela akuvamile ukubangela ama-clots, kungaba yisici esinengqondo, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izici eziyingozi njengokubhema noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside.

Q5: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi uthathe ama-blood thinners ngemuva kwe-blood clot?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa ngemithi yokunciphisa igazi siyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela ukuba kuqine igazi kanye nezinto eziyingozi kuwe. Abanye abantu badinga ukwelashwa izinyanga ezimbalwa nje, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa ngokuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ingozi yakho yamaqhubu esikhathi esizayo uma iqhathaniswa nengozi yakho yezinkinga zokopha ukuze anqume isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sesimo sakho esithile.