Ziyini Izinto Ezinyusiwe Zesibindi? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Ekhaya

Ama-enzyme esibindi anyusiwe angamazinga aphezulu kunawajwayelekile amaprotheni athile egazini lakho abonisa ukuthi amaseli esibindi sakho alimele noma acindezelekile. Lapho isibindi sakho sisebenza kanzima kunokujwayelekile noma sihlangabezana nohlobo oluthile lokulimala, sikhipha lawa ma-enzyme amaningi egazini lakho, okubonakala ezivivinyweni zegazi ezijwayelekile.

Cabanga ngala ma-enzyme njengezithunywa ezitshela udokotela wakho ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani. Ngenkathi ukuthola amazinga anyusiwe kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kuvamile kakhulu futhi kuvame ukukhomba izimo ezingelashwa kunokugula kwesibindi okungathi sína.

Ziyini izinto ezinyusiwe zesibindi?

Ama-enzyme esibindi anyusiwe abhekisela emazingeni egazi andisiwe amaprotheni avame ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwamaseli esibindi sakho. Ama-enzyme avame ukulinganiswa yi-ALT (alanine aminotransferase) kanye ne-AST (aspartate aminotransferase), kanye ne-ALP (alkaline phosphatase) kanye ne-GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase).

Lapho amaseli esibindi elimala noma evuvukala, akhipha lawa ma-enzyme egazini lakho ngamanani aphezulu kunawajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uthola lokhu ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okubizwa ngokuthi i-liver function panel noma i-comprehensive metabolic panel.

Ukuphakama ngokwako akuyona isifo kodwa kunalokho kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi isibindi sakho sidinga ukunakwa. Abantu abaningi abanama-enzyme anyusiwe kancane bazizwa bephile kahle ngokuphelele futhi bafunda ngale ndaba kuphela ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Kuzwakala kanjani ukuba nama-enzyme esibindi anyusiwe?

Abantu abaningi abanama-enzyme esibindi anyusiwe ababi nazimpawu nhlobo. Ukuphakama kuvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi somsebenzi wegazi ojwayelekile lapho uzizwa ujwayelekile ngokuphelele.

Lapho izimpawu zenzeka, zivame ukuba zicashile futhi zingasho lutho. Ungase uqaphele ukukhathala okungathuthuki ngokuphumula, umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungazizwa kahle, noma ukungakhululeki okuncane esiswini sakho esingaphezulu kwesokudla lapho isibindi sakho sihlezi khona.

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nezinguquko ekugayeni ukudla njengokucasuka, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, noma ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha ngemva kokudla ukudla okuncane. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithathwe kalula njengokucindezeleka, ukungalali kahle, noma izinkinga ezivamile zokugaya ukudla.

Ezimweni ezibaluleke kakhulu, ungase uqaphele ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amhlophe wamehlo akho (i-jaundice), umchamo omnyama, noma izitulo ezinombala okhanyayo. Nokho, lezi zimpawu zivame ukwenzeka kuphela lapho umsebenzi wesibindi uthinteka kakhulu.

Yini ebangela ukukhuphuka kwama-enzyme esibindi?

Ama-enzyme esibindi akhuphukile angavela ezintweni eziningi ezihlukene, kusukela ezimweni zesikhashana kuya ezimweni zempilo eziqhubekayo. Ukuqonda izimbangela ezihlukahlukene kungakusiza ukuthi usebenze nodokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi yini engase ithinte isibindi sakho.

Nazi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu, kusukela kulabo odokotela ababona kaningi:

• Imithi: Imithi eminingi kadokotela kanye nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela ingakhuphula okwesikhashana ama-enzyme esibindi, okuhlanganisa i-acetaminophen (Tylenol), ama-statin e-cholesterol, kanye nama-antibiotics athile
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha: Ukuqongelela amafutha engeziwe emangqamuzaneni esibindi, okuvame ukuhlobana nokudla, isisindo, noma izimo ze-metabolic
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza njalo, ngisho namanani alinganiselwe, kungabangela ukukhuphuka kwama-enzyme kwabanye abantu
• I-hepatitis ye-viral: Izifo ezinjenge-hepatitis A, B, noma C eziqondise ngqo amangqamuzana esibindi
• Izimo ze-autoimmune: Uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lungase luhlasela ngokungafanele izicubu zesibindi
• Ukwelashwa kwemisipha: Njengoba i-AST itholakala nasethiswini lemisipha, ukuzivocavoca okukhulu noma ukulimala kwemisipha kungakhuphula amazinga

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa izimo eziqhubekayo njengesifo sikaWilson noma i-hemochromatosis, izithasiselo ezithile zamakhambi, futhi ngokuvamile, amathumba esibindi noma izinkinga ze-bile duct.

Ziyini ama-enzyme esibindi akhuphukile ayisibonakaliso noma uphawu lani?

Ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme angabonisa izimo eziningana ezingaphansi, nakuba iphethini ethile yokuphakama isiza odokotela ukuthi banciphise amathuba. Udokotela wakho uzobheka ukuthi yimaphi ama-enzyme aphakeme nokuthi ngakanani ukuze aqondise uphenyo lwabo.

Izimo ezivame kakhulu ezihambisana nama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha esingahlobene notshwala (NAFLD): Imbangela evame kakhulu emazweni athuthukile, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, noma i-metabolic syndrome
• Isifo sesibindi esibangelwa utshwala: Ukulimala okuvela ekusetshenzisweni njalo kotshwala, ngisho noma kungeqiwe
• I-hepatitis yamagciwane: Ukutheleleka okuqondiswe ngqo emangqamuzaneni esibindi futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala
• Ukwelashwa kwesibindi okubangelwa izidakamizwa: Ukusabela emithini, izithasiselo, noma imikhiqizo yezitshalo
• I-hepatitis ye-Autoimmune: Uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela ekuguleni luhlasela izicubu zesibindi sakho
• I-Hemochromatosis: Insimbi eningi yakheka esibindini sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Izimo ezingavamile ezingabangela ukuphakama zihlanganisa isifo sikaWilson (ukuqongelela ithusi), ukuntuleka kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin, i-primary biliary cholangitis, kanye nezifo ezithile zofuzo. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze anqume ukuthi iyiphi imeko engenzeka kakhulu.

Ingabe ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme anganyamalala ngokwawo?

Yebo, ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme avame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile ngokwawo, ikakhulukazi uma ebangelwa izinto zesikhashana. Uma ukuphakama kubangelwa umuthi, ukugula kwamuva, noma ukucindezeleka kwesikhashana esibindini sakho, amazinga ngokuvamile ajwayeleka phakathi kwamasonto kuya ezinyangeni.

Isibonelo, uma uthathe i-acetaminophen izinsuku ezimbalwa noma unokutheleleka okuncane kwamagciwane, ama-enzyme akho esibindi angase aphakame okwesikhashana kodwa kufanele abuyele kokujwayelekile njengoba isibindi sakho selulama. Ngokufanayo, uma ukuzivocavoca okukhulu kubangele ukuphakama kwe-enzyme okuhlobene nemisipha, amazinga avame ukwehla emuva ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona imbangela eqhubekayo njengesifo sesibindi esinamafutha, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engapheli, noma isimo se-autoimmune, ama-enzyme cishe azohlala ephakeme kuze kube yilapho inkinga ekhona ixazululwa. Yingakho udokotela wakho ezofuna ukuhlola amazinga akho futhi aphenye ngokuqhubekayo uma engathuthuki.

Ungawelapha kanjani ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme ekhaya?

Ngenkathi ungeke ukwazi ukwelapha ngqo ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme ekhaya, ungasekela inqubo yokwelapha yemvelo yesibindi sakho futhi ubhekane nezinye izimbangela ezivamile. Lezi zindlela ezimnene zingasiza isibindi sakho ukuthi sisebenze ngempumelelo.

Nansi imizamo yokusekela engasiza isibindi sakho ukuthi silulame:

• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kotshwala okulinganiselwe kungacindezela isibindi sakho, ngakho ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda utshwala kunika isibindi sakho isikhathi sokuphola
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukuncipha kwesisindo kancane kancane ngokudla okulinganiselayo kunganciphisa amafutha esibindini sakho
• Hlala unamanzi: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kusiza isibindi sakho ukuthi sisebenze ubuthi ngempumelelo
• Dla ukudla okungcono esibindini: Faka imifino eminingi, amaprotheni anciphile, kanye okusanhlamvu okuphelele ngenkathi unqumela ukudla okucutshungulwayo noshukela owengeziwe
• Buyekeza imithi yakho: Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo ezingadingekile noma imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela oyithathayo
• Thola ukulala okwanele: Isibindi sakho senza okuningi komsebenzi waso wokulungisa ngenkathi ulele

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinguquko zokuphila zisebenza kahle kakhulu njengengxenye yohlelo olubanzi olwenzelwe umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, hhayi njengendlela yokushintsha ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nokwelashwa.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme?

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngama-enzyme e-liver aphakeme kugxila ekubhekaneni nembangela eyinhloko kunokunyuka ngokwako. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza kuqala ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela ukucindezeleka kwesibindi sakho, bese ethuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondiwe.

Ukwelashwa okuqondile kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho okubangela ukunyuka. Uma imithi iyimbangela, udokotela wakho angase alungise imithamo, ashintshele emithini ehlukene, noma amise okwesikhashana imithi ethile ngenkathi eqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho.

Ngesifo sesibindi esinamafutha, ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya izinguquko zokuphila njengokuphatha isisindo, izinguquko zokudla, nokuzivocavoca, ngezinye izikhathi okuhlanganiswe nemithi yokulawula isifo sikashukela noma i-cholesterol uma ikhona. Uma i-hepatitis ye-viral iyimbangela, imithi elwa namagciwane ingase inikezwe.

Ezimweni zesifo sesibindi se-autoimmune, imithi yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba isiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwesibindi. Ezimweni zofuzo njenge-hemochromatosis, ukwelashwa kungase kubandakanye ukususwa kwegazi njalo ukunciphisa amazinga ensimbi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho e-enzyme njalo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza futhi alungise indlela njengoba kudingeka. Abantu abaningi babona ngcono ezinyangeni ezimbalwa uma imbangela eyinhloko ibhekwane kahle.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngama-enzyme e-liver aphakeme?

Kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma uba nezimpawu ezisikisela izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi. Lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa zibonisa ukuthi isibindi sakho singase sibe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• I-Jaundice: Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amhlophe wamehlo akho
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu: Ikakhulukazi endaweni engenhla kwesokudla lapho isibindi sakho sitholakala khona
• Umchamo omnyama noma izitulo eziphaphathekayo: Ushintsho lombala oluhlala ngaphezu kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza: Ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukukhathala okungavamile: Ukukhathala okukhulu okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Ukuvuvukala: Ukugcinwa kwamanzi emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, noma esiswini

Noma ngabe awunawo ama-symptom, xhumana nodokotela wakho uma umsebenzi wegazi ojwayelekile ukhombisa ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zesibindi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu kunokulinda ukuthi izimpawu zivele.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme, yize ukuba nezici eziyingozi akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzoba nalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi wazi ukuthi ungaqapha nini impilo yesibindi.

Izici eziyingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isisindo esiningi, ikakhulukazi emzimbeni, sandisa ingozi yesifo sesibindi esinamafutha
• Isifo sikashukela kanye ne-metabolic syndrome: Ushukela wegazi ophezulu kanye nokumelana ne-insulin kungaholela ekunqwabelaneni kwamafutha esibindini
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kotshwala: Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kotshwala okulinganiselwe kungabangela ukukhuphuka kwama-enzyme esibindi kwabanye abantu
• Imithi ethile: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-acetaminophen, ama-statin, noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezinobuthi esibindini
• Ukuvezwa kwe-hepatitis yamagciwane: Ngegazi elingcolile, ubulili obungavikelekile, noma ukudla namanzi angcolile
• Umlando womndeni: Izimo zofuzo ezinjenge-hemochromatosis noma isifo sikaWilson zihamba emindenini

Ezinye izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa iminyaka (ukusebenza kwesibindi kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi), ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali athile noma ubuthi, kanye nokuba nezinye izimo ze-autoimmune. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanalezi zici eziyingozi abasoze babe nezinkinga zesibindi, kanti abanye ngaphandle kwezici eziyingozi ezisobala bayazithola.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme?

Izinkinga zama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme zincike ngokuphelele embangweni obangela kanye nokuthi isimo siqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukuphakama okuncane, kwesikhashana akuvamile ukubangela noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlala njalo, kuyilapho ukuphakama okuqhubekayo kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma kungelashwa, ezinye izimo ezibangela ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme zingaqhubekela ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu:

• I-Liver fibrosis: Izicubu ezilimele kancane kancane zithatha indawo yezicubu zesibindi ezinempilo, okuthinta ukusebenza kwesibindi
• I-Cirrhosis: Ukulimala okuthuthukile okungase kuphazamise kakhulu ukusebenza kwesibindi futhi ngokuvamile akunakulungiseka
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi: Isibindi asisakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yaso ebalulekile
• I-Portal hypertension: Ukwanda kwengcindezi emithanjeni yegazi yesibindi, okungase kubangele ukopha okuyingozi
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka: Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwesibindi kungase kuphazamise amasosha akho omzimba
• Umkhuhlane wesibindi: Ezinye izimo zesibindi ezingapheli zikhuphula ingozi yokuthuthukisa izimila zesibindi

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zinkinga ezingathi sína zivame ukuthuthuka ngemva kweminyaka yokugula kwesibindi okungelashwa. Abantu abaningi abane-enzyme yesibindi ekhuphukile abathola ukunakekelwa okufanele abazitholi bebehlangabezana nalezi zinkinga.

Yini ama-enzyme esibindi akhuphukile angase aphuthelwe ngayo?

Ama-enzyme esibindi akhuphukile ngezinye izikhathi angase adidaniswe nezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zikhona. Uhlobo olungaqondakali lwezimpawu ezihlobene nesibindi lisho ukuthi zivame ukuhambisana nezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Izimo ezivamile ezihlanganyela izimpawu ezifanayo zihlanganisa:

• Isifo se-Gallbladder: Singase sibangele ubuhlungu obufanayo besisu esiphezulu nezimpawu zokugaya ukudla
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha: Njengoba i-AST itholakala nasemisipheni, ukuvuvukala kwemisipha kungase kubangele ukukhuphuka kwe-enzyme
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo: Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungase futhi kukhuphule amazinga e-AST
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Thyroid: Kungase kubangele ukukhathala okufanayo kanye nezinguquko ze-metabolic
• Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla: Izimo ezinjengesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo zingase zibangele izimpawu ezigqagqanayo
• I-Chronic fatigue syndrome: Yabelana ngophawu lokukhathala okuqhubekayo

Yingakho udokotela wakho ezocabangela isithombe sakho esiphelele sezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa komzimba, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe, kunokuthembela kuphela emazingeni e-enzyme yesibindi ukuze enze ukuxilongwa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme

Q1. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme abuyele kokujwayelekile?

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi ama-enzyme esibindi ajwayeleke siyahluka kakhulu kuye ngembangela eyinhloko. Uma ukuphakama kungenxa yesici sesikhashana njengomuthi noma ukugula okuncane, amazinga avame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-6 ngemva kokususa imbangela.

Ezimweni ezinjengesifo sesibindi esinamafutha noma i-hepatitis engamahlalakhona, kungase kuthathe izinyanga eziningana zokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba ama-enzyme ajwayeleke. Abanye abantu babona ngcono phakathi nezinyanga ezi-3-6 zokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, kanti abanye bangase bathathe unyaka noma ngaphezulu.

Q2. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kungabangeli ngokuqondile ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme, ukucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona kungaholela ekuziphatheni nasezifweni ezithinta ukusebenza kwesibindi. Ukucindezeleka kungaholela emikhubeni emibi yokudla, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kotshwala, noma ukwanda kwezifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela.

Nokho, ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba emzimbeni okuvela ekuguleni, ukuhlinzwa, noma imithi kungase kuphakamise okwesikhashana ama-enzyme esibindi. Udokotela wakho uzosiza ukunquma ukuthi ukucindezeleka kungase kudlale indima esimweni sakho esithile.

Q3. Ingabe ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme ahlala eyingozi?

Cha, ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme awahlali eyingozi. Abantu abaningi banokuphakama okuncane okuzixazululayo ngokwabo noma ngezinguquko ezilula zokuphila. Ukubaluleka kuncike ekutheni amazinga aphakeme kangakanani, ukuthi yimaphi ama-enzyme athile aphakeme, nokuthi ngabe zikhona yini izimpawu eziphelezelayo.

Ukuphakama okuncane (ngaphansi kokuphindwe kabili ububanzi obujwayelekile) kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana futhi akuyona ingozi, kanti amazinga aphezulu kakhulu noma ukuphakama okuqhubekayo kufanele kunakekelwe ngokushesha nokuphenya.

Q4. Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kungawathinta amazinga e-enzyme yesibindi?

Yebo, ukuzivocavoca okukhulu kungakhuphula okwesikhashana ama-enzyme athile esibindi, ikakhulu i-AST, ngoba le enzyme itholakala nasenyanyeni yemisipha. Ukuzivocavoca okukhulu, ikakhulu uma ungajwayele lelo zinga lomsebenzi, kungabangela ukuthi imisipha yonakele okukhulula i-AST egazini lakho.

Lolu hlobo lokukhuphuka ngokuvamile lwesikhashana futhi libuyela kokujwayelekile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivocavoca okuvamile okulingene empeleni kusekela impilo yesibindi futhi kungasiza ekunciphiseni amazinga e-enzyme kubantu abanesifo sesibindi esinamafutha.

Q5. Ngingayeka yini ukuthatha yonke imithi uma ama-enzyme ami esibindi ekhuphukile?

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi enconyiwe ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngisho noma usola ukuthi ingase ibangele ukukhuphuka kwama-enzyme esibindi. Eminye imithi ibalulekile empilweni yakho, futhi ukuyeka kungazelelwe kungaba yingozi.

Udokotela wakho angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi ngabe iyiphi imithi yakho engase ibe nomthelela ekukhuphukeni nokuthi kuphephile yini ukuyilungisa noma ukuyeka. Bangase futhi bancomise ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngokucophelela ngenkathi uqhubeka nokwelashwa okudingekayo.