Yini i-Hyperkalemia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa Kwasekhaya

I-Hyperkalemia yenzeka lapho unothola i-potassium eningi egazini lakho. Umzimba wakho udinga i-potassium ukusiza inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ishaye kahle futhi imisipha yakho isebenze, kodwa lapho amazinga ekhula kakhulu, kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngesigqi senhliziyo yakho nomsebenzi wemisipha.

Lesi simo sivamile kakhulu kunalokho ongase ukucabange, ikakhulukazi uma unezinkinga zezinso noma usebenzisa imithi ethile. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, i-hyperkalemia ingalawulwa ngempumelelo.

Yini i-Hyperkalemia?

I-Hyperkalemia yisimo sezokwelapha lapho amazinga e-potassium egazini lakho enyuka ngaphezu kwama-5.0 milliequivalents ngelitha (mEq/L). Amazinga e-potassium avamile ngokuvamile asukela ku-3.5 kuya ku-5.0 mEq/L.

Izinsini zakho ngokuvamile zenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokugcina amazinga e-potassium elinganiselwe ngokususa i-potassium eyengeziwe ngomchamo. Lapho lolu hlelo lungasebenzi kahle, i-potassium yakha egazini lakho.

Cabanga nge-potassium njengohlelo lukagesi emzimbeni wakho. Okuningi kakhulu kungadala ukuthi izintambo zingasebenzi kahle, ikakhulukazi zithinte inhliziyo yakho nemisipha.

I-Hyperkalemia Izizwa Kanjani?

Abantu abaningi abane-hyperkalemia encane abazizwa noma yiziphi izimpawu. Lapho izimpawu zivela, zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane futhi kungaba lula ukuziphuthela.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokukhathala okuzizwa kuhluke ekukhathaleni okuvamile. Ungase uqaphele ukuthi imisipha yakho izizwa isindayo noma ukuthi imisebenzi elula ibonakala inzima kunokujwayelekile.

Nazi izimpawu ongase uzithole, uqala ngezivamile kakhulu:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ikakhulukazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho
• Ukukhathala okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Isicanucanu noma ukuzizwa ugula esiswini sakho
• Ukuzwa ukuluma noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni naseminyaweni yakho
• Ukuminyana kwemisipha noma ukuthuthumela
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ubuhlungu besifuba

I-hyperkalemia ebucayi ingabangela izimpawu ezingathi sína ezinjengokukhubazeka noma izinguquko eziyingozi zesigqi senhliziyo. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini Ebangela I-Hyperkalemia?

I-Hyperkalemia ithuthuka lapho umzimba wakho uthatha i-potassium eningi kakhulu, awukhiphi okwanele ngezinso zakho, noma ushintsha i-potassium ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho ingene emithanjeni yegazi lakho.

Izinkinga zezinso ziyimbangela evame kakhulu ngoba izinso ezinempilo zikhipha cishe u-90% we-potassium oyidlayo. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, i-potassium iqongelela egazini lakho.

Izici eziningana zingaholela ku-hyperkalemia, futhi ukuqonda lezi kungakusiza ukuthi usebenze nodokotela wakho ukuze uyivimbele:

• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Imithi ethile efana ne-ACE inhibitors, ARBs, noma i-potassium-sparing diuretics
• Isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uma ushukela wegazi ungalawulwa kahle
• Isifo sika-Addison (ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal)
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu
• Ukudla ukudla okunothile nge-potassium noma ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-potassium
• Izifo ezinzima noma ukubola kwezicubu
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi (ezimweni ezingavamile)

Eminye imithi ingakhuphula ingozi yakho ngisho noma izinso zakho ziphilile. Hlala utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo.

Iyini i-Hyperkalemia Isibonakaliso Noma Isimpawu Sani?

I-Hyperkalemia ivame ukuba yisibonakaliso sokuthi kukhona okunye okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi ngezinso zakho noma amasistimu ama-hormone. Akuvamile ukuba yisimo esizimele.

Izimo ezivame kakhulu ezibangela lezi zimo zihlanganisa isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, esithinta ukuthi izinso zakho zikwazi kangakanani ukuhlunga imfucuza kanye ne-potassium engaphezulu egazini lakho.

Nawa amanye amazwi angase abonise i-hyperkalemia:

• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (izigaba 3-5)
• Ukulimala kwezinso okungazelelwe
• Isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki kahle ushukela wegazi
• Isifo sika-Addison (izinkinga ze-adrenal gland)
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo (lapho kuthathwa imithi ethile)
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu
• I-Rhabdomyolysis (ukuwohloka kwemisipha)
• I-Hemolysis (ukuwohloka kwamaseli abomvu egazi)

Kwezinye izimo, i-hyperkalemia ingase ibe yisibonakaliso sokuqala esixwayisa udokotela wakho ngenkinga yezinso ongayazi.

Ingabe i-Hyperkalemia inganyamalala yodwa?

I-hyperkalemia encane ngezinye izikhathi iyathuthuka yodwa uma imbangela eyisisekelo ingeyesikhashana, njengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukugula kwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ulinde ukubona ukuthi iyaxazululwa yini ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha.

Ezimweni eziningi ze-hyperkalemia zidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha ngoba izimbangela eziyisisekelo zivame ukudinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Noma ngabe amazinga athuthuka okwesikhashana, lesi simo sivame ukubuyela ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.

Udokotela wakho udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela amazinga akho aphezulu e-potassium futhi abhekane naleyo mbangela eyisisekelo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulungisa imithi, ukwelapha izinkinga zezinso, noma ukuphatha isifo sikashukela ngempumelelo.

Ingelashwa kanjani i-Hyperkalemia ekhaya?

Ngenkathi i-hyperkalemia idinga ukugadwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinye izinguquko ekudleni ezingasiza ukusekela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukadokotela wakho.

Isu eliyinhloko lokuphatha ekhaya lihilela ukukhawulela ukudla okunama-potassium amaningi ekudleni kwakho. Lokhu akusho ukuqeda yonke i-potassium, kodwa kunalokho ukukhetha izinketho ezinama-potassium aphansi uma kungenzeka.

Nawa amasu okudla angase asize:

• Nciphisa ubhanana, amawolintshi, nezinye izithelo ezinothile nge-potassium
• Khetha isinkwa esimhlophe ne-pasta ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezinama-grain aphelele
• Gwema imifino enothile nge-potassium njengesipinashi, amazambane, notamatisi
• Funda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela ukuze uthole i-potassium eyengeziwe
• Gwema izithako zosawoti eziqulathe i-potassium chloride
• Hlala unamanzi ngamanzi (ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka ukuthi unciphise uketshezi)
• Thatha imithi ngqo njengoba kunqunyiwe

Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi enqunyiwe ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Eminye imithi engakhuphula i-potassium ibalulekile ekuphatheni ezinye izimo ezinzima.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha Kwe-Hyperkalemia?

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwe-hyperkalemia kuncike ekutheni amazinga akho e-potassium aphakeme kangakanani nokuthi kudingeka ancishiswe ngokushesha kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu yesimo sakho esithile.

Nge-hyperkalemia emnene, ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukulungisa ukudla kwakho nemithi. Izimo ezinzima zidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga zenhliziyo eziyingozi.

Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukunqatshelwa kwe-potassium ekudleni ngesiqondiso somqeqeshi wokudla okunomsoco
• Ukulungiswa noma izinguquko zemithi
• Imithi ehlanganisa i-potassium esiza ukususa i-potassium eningi
• Ama-diuretics ukukhulisa ukususwa kwe-potassium ngomchamo
• I-calcium gluconate yokuvikela inhliziyo (ezimweni ezinzima)
• I-Insulin ne-glucose ukushintsha i-potassium ngaphakathi kwamaseli
• I-Dialysis yezimo ezinzima noma ukwehluleka kwezinso

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho e-potassium njalo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza ngempumelelo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kulandelwe inqubekela phambili yakho.

Kufanele Ngibone Nini Udokotela Nge-Hyperkalemia?

Kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha uma uba nezimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubuthakathaka bemisipha obukhulu, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. Lezi zingaba yizimpawu ze-hyperkalemia eyingozi.

Uma unezici eziyingozi ze-hyperkalemia, ukuqapha njalo nodokotela wakho kubalulekile noma ngabe uzizwa kahle. Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu kuze kube yilapho amazinga eba phezulu kakhulu.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obukhulu noma ukukhubazeka
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukuqaqamba noma ukuluma okuba kubi kakhulu

Uma usebenzisa imithi engakhuphula amazinga e-potassium, udokotela wakho kufanele aqaphe amazinga egazi lakho njalo. Ungageqi lezi zikhathi zokuhlolwa ngisho noma uzizwa kahle.

Ziyini Izici Eziyingozi Zokuthuthukisa I-Hyperkalemia?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-hyperkalemia. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinkinga.

Ubudala bunendima ngoba ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla ngokwemvelo njengoba sikhula. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 basengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma benezinye izimo zempilo.

Izici eziyingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona noma ukusebenza kwezinso okuncishisiwe
• Isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ngokulawula ushukela wegazi elingalungile
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okudinga imithi ethile
• Ukuthatha ama-ACE inhibitors, ama-ARB, noma ama-diuretics agcina i-potassium
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukuncipha kwevolumu
• Isifo sika-Addison noma ezinye izinkinga ze-adrenal gland
• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-NSAID (ibuprofen, naproxen)

Ukuba nezici eziyingozi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothuthukisa i-hyperkalemia, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele uqashwe eduze ngumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingaba Khona Ze-Hyperkalemia?

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu ye-hyperkalemia ihilela ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Amazinga aphezulu e-potassium angabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okuyingozi okungaba yingozi empilweni uma kungelashwa ngokushesha.

Inhliziyo yakho incike ezimpawini zikagesi eziqondile ukuze ishaye kahle. Uma amazinga e-potassium ekhuphuka kakhulu, lezi zimpawu ziphazamiseka, okungenzeka kubangele inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ishaye kancane kakhulu, ngokushesha kakhulu, noma ngokungajwayelekile.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• I-Cardiac arrhythmias (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile)
• Ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kwenhliziyo
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• Ukuqina kwemisipha
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula (ezimweni ezinzima)
• Ukusebenza kwezinso okubi kakhulu

Lezi zinkinga zenzeka kakhulu lapho amazinga e-potassium enyuka ngokushesha noma afinyelela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokuqapha, abantu abaningi abane-hyperkalemia bangakwazi ukugwema lezi zinkinga ezinkulu.

Yini i-Hyperkalemia engase iphuthelwe yona?

Izimpawu ze-Hyperkalemia zingaba ngamafuphi futhi zifane nezimo eziningi. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubalulekile ekuxilongweni okufanele.

Ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokukhathala okuvela ku-hyperkalemia kungase kuphuthelwe ukukhathala okulula, ukucindezeleka, noma ezinye izifo zemisipha. Ushintsho lwesigqi senhliziyo lungase lubangelwe ukukhathazeka noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo.

I-Hyperkalemia ngezinye izikhathi ididaniswa nalezi:

• I-Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• Izifo zemisipha ezinjenge-myasthenia gravis
• Izifo zesigqi senhliziyo ezivela kwezinye izimbangela
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi
• I-Fibromyalgia

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze alinganise amazinga akho e-potassium futhi akhiphe ezinye izimo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale imbangela eyisisekelo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Hyperkalemia

Q1: Ngingakwazi yini ukudla ubhanana uma ngine-hyperkalemia?

Ungase udinge ukukhawulela ubhanana nezinye izithelo ezinama-potassium amaningi, kodwa lokhu kuncike emazingeni akho athile e-potassium kanye nohlelo lokwelapha olujwayelekile. Sebenza nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wokudla ukuze udale uhlelo lokudla oluphephile kuwe ngenkathi usahlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo.

Q2: Ingabe i-hyperkalemia iyafana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu?

Cha, i-hyperkalemia iyipotassium ephezulu egazini lakho, kuyilapho umfutho wegazi ophezulu uhilela amandla egazi odongeni lwemithambo yakho. Nokho, eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ingakhuphula amazinga e-potassium, ngakho zombili lezi zimo ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka kanyekanye.

Q3: I-hyperkalemia ingathuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani?

I-Hyperkalemia ingathuthuka phakathi nezinsuku kuya emavikini, kuye ngembangela. Ukulimala okukhulu kwezinso kungase kubangele amazinga ukuthi anyuke ngokushesha, kuyilapho isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona ngokuvamile siholela ekwenyukeni kancane kancane. Yingakho ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile uma unezici eziyingozi.

Q4: Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela i-hyperkalemia?

Ukucindezeleka ngokwako akuqondile ukubangela i-hyperkalemia, kodwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba noma ukugula ngezinye izikhathi kungaba negalelo kuyo. Ukucindezeleka kungase futhi kuthinte ukulawulwa kukashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, okungase kungathinti ngokuqondile amazinga e-potassium.

Q5: Ngizodinga yini ukuba ekudleni okunama-potassium aphansi unomphela?

Lokhu kuncike kulokho okubangela i-hyperkalemia yakho. Uma ihlobene nesifo sezinso, ungase udinge izinguquko zokudla zesikhathi eside. Uma kubangelwa umuthi ongashintshwa noma isimo sesikhashana, imikhawulo yokudla ingase ibe yesikhashana. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.