Yini iphrotheni emchameni? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Nokwelashwa Ekhaya

Iphrotheni emchameni, ebizwa nangokuthi i-proteinuria, yenzeka lapho izinso zakho zivumela iphrotheni ukuthi ivuze emchameni wakho esikhundleni sokuyigcina egazini lakho lapho okufanele ibe khona. Lesi simo sivamile kakhulu futhi singahluka sisuka esimweni sesikhashana, esingenangozi siye esibonisweni esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe uqiniseka kakhulu ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Yini iphrotheni emchameni?

Iphrotheni emchameni yenzeka lapho izinso zakho zihlunga iphrotheni kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile, esikhundleni sokubamba iphrotheni umzimba wakho oyidingayo. Ngokuvamile, izinso zakho zenza njengesihlungi esiyinkimbinkimbi, zigcina amaprotheni abalulekile egazini lakho ngenkathi zisusa ubuthi namanzi amaningi.

Lapho lolu hlelo lokuhlunga lungasebenzi kahle, amanani amancane amaprotheni angashelela emchameni wakho. Cabanga ngakho njengesihlungi sekhofi esithuthukise izimbobo ezincane - ezinye izindawo zekhofi zingase zidlule ngisho noma kufanele zihlale ngemuva.

Amanani amancane amaprotheni emchameni angaba ngavamile ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuzivivinya noma ngesikhathi sokugula. Kodwa-ke, amanani amakhulu noma iphrotheni eqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingase ibonise ukuthi izinso zakho zidinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.

Iphrotheni emchameni izizwa kanjani?

Abantu abaningi abanephrotheni emchameni abazizwa nezimpawu nhlobo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile noma lapho kuhlolwa umchamo ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

Lapho izimpawu zivela, zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane njengoba amazinga amaprotheni anda. Nakhu ongase ukuqaphele uma amazinga amaprotheni ekhuphuka:

• Umchamo onamagwebu noma onamabhamuza obukeka njengamathambo ensipho
• Ukuvuvukala ebusweni bakho, ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma emaqakaleni
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ushintsho ekutheni uvame kangakanani ukuchama
• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Isicanucanu noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla

Ukubukeka okunamagwebu kwenzeka ngoba amaprotheni akha amabhamuza emchamweni, okufana nendlela amaqanda amhlophe enza ngayo amagwebu uma eshaywa. Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa amaprotheni owadingayo ukuze ugcine ibhalansi efanele yamanzi.

Yini ebangela amaprotheni emchamweni?

Amaprotheni emchamweni angavela ngezizathu eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela ezimweni zesikhashana kuya ezimweni zempilo eziqhubekayo. Izinso zakho zingase zivuze amaprotheni uma zisebenza kanzima kunokujwayelekile noma uma kukhona okuthinta ikhono lazo elijwayelekile lokuhlunga.

Nazi izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani amaprotheni avela emchamweni:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu obeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezihlungini zezinso
• Isifo sikashukela esithinta imithambo emincane yegazi ezinso
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okukhulu noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• Umkhuhlane noma ukugula okubangela izinguquko zesikhashana ezinso
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okugxilisa umchamo wakho
• Izifo zomgudu womchamo ezicasula izinso
• Amathambo ezinso avimba ukugeleza komchamo okujwayelekile
• Imithi ethile ethinta ukusebenza kwezinso

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zihlanganisa izifo ezizimele, izifo zezinso ezizuzwe ngofuzo, noma umdlavuza othinta izinso. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekutholeni ukuthi yisiphi isigaba isimo sakho esiwela kuso ngokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Amaprotheni emchamweni ayisibonakaliso noma isibonakaliso sani?

Amaprotheni emchamweni angabonisa izimo ezihlukahlukene eziyisisekelo, nakuba kungasho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unesifo esibi. Okubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umzimba wakho ungase ukutsheleni ngale nguquko.

Ngokuvamile, amaprotheni emchamweni abonisa lezi zimo:

• Isifo sezinso sokuqala noma isifo sezinso esingapheli
• I-diabetic nephropathy (ukulimala kwezinso okuvela esifweni sikashukela)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu othinta ukusebenza kwezinso
• I-Glomerulonephritis (ukuqubuka kwezihlungi zezinso)
• Isifo sezinso se-Polycystic
• I-Preeclampsia ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ngesinye isikhathi amaprotheni emchamweni avela kanye nezinye izimo zempilo ezibeka ingcindezi ezinso zakho. Isifo senhliziyo, ngokwesibonelo, singathinta ukugeleza kwegazi ezinso, kuyilapho isifo sesibindi singashintsha indlela umzimba wakho oqhubula ngayo amaprotheni.

Izimo ezingavamile ezingabangela amaprotheni emchamweni zihlanganisa i-multiple myeloma, i-amyloidosis, kanye nezifo ezithile zofuzo. Lezi zimo ngokuvamile zihilela ezinye izimpawu futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze zitholwe.

Ingabe amaprotheni emchamweni anganyamalala ngokwawo?

Yebo, amaprotheni emchamweni anganyamalala ngokwawo, ikakhulukazi uma kubangelwa izinto zesikhashana ezinjengokuzivocavoca, ukucindezeleka, noma ukugula okuncane. Izinso zakho zikwazi kahle ukululama ezinseleleni zesikhashana uma zinikezwa ukwesekwa okufanele.

Amaprotheni esikhashana emchamweni avame ukuxazululwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini uma i-trigger eyisisekelo isusiwe. Isibonelo, uma ukoma kwabangela ukuchitheka kwamaprotheni, ukuphuza uketshezi olwanele ngokuvamile kubuyisela amazinga esimweni esijwayelekile ngokushesha.

Nokho, amaprotheni emchamweni aqhubeka amasonto amaningana noma aqhubeka ekhula ngokuvamile abonisa isimo esiqhubekayo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Izinso zakho zingase zidinge usizo ekubhekaneni nanoma yini ebangela ukuvuza kwamaprotheni.

Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuhlolwa kabusha umchamo wakho ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa uma amaprotheni atholakele. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo zesikhashana nezimo ezidinga ukwelashwa.

Amaprotheni emchamweni angelashwa kanjani ekhaya?

Ngenkathi ungeke ukwazi ukwelapha isifo sezinso esiyisisekelo ekhaya, izindlela eziningana zokuphila zingasekela impilo yakho yezinso futhi zikwazi ukunciphisa amazinga amaprotheni. Lawa maqhinga asebenza kahle uma ehlanganiswe nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kunokuthi awathathele indawo.

Nawa amasu amancane okusekela izinso zakho ekhaya:

• Hlala uhlanzekile ngokupheka amanzi usuku lonke
• Nciphisa ukuthatha i-sodium ukuze unciphise ingcindezi ezinso zakho
• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo ngamanani amaphrotheni aphakathi nendawo
• Zivocavo njalo kodwa gwema ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba okwedlulele
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula
• Thola ukulala okwanele ukuze usize umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame
• Gwema imithi ebuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi engalimaza izinso

Lezi zinguquko zokuphila zingagcwalisa ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha futhi zisize izinso zakho ukuthi zisebenze ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, zisebenza kahle kakhulu njengengxenye yohlelo olubanzi oluthuthukiswe nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Yini ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwamaprotheni emchameni?

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kwamaprotheni emchameni kugxila ekubhekaneni nesizathu esiyisisekelo ngenkathi kuvikela izinso zakho ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzolungisa ukwelashwa ngokuya ngokuthi yini ebangela ukuvuza kwamaprotheni nokuthi mangaki amaprotheni akhona.

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARBs ukunciphisa ingcindezi ezihlungini zezinso
• Imithi yokucindezela igazi ukuvikela ukusebenza kwezinso
• Imithi yesifo sikashukela ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini
• Ama-diuretics ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuvuvukala
• Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol ukuvikela imithambo yegazi
• Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ezimweni ze-autoimmune

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungafaka nokubhekwa njalo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa komchamo ukulandela ukuthi izinso zakho zisabela kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi alungise imithi futhi abambe noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuqaleni.

Ezimweni ezingavamile njenge-multiple myeloma noma i-amyloidosis, ukwelashwa kuba okukhethekile futhi kungabandakanya odokotela be-oncologists noma ezinye izazi ezisebenzisana nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngamaprotheni emchameni?

Kufanele ubone udokotela uma amaprotheni avela emchameni wakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile, ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile ngokuphelele. Ukutholwa nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekuvikeleni izinkinga zezinso ukuthi zingabi zimbi.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uqaphela lezi zimpawu:

• Umchamo onamagwebu noma onamabhubhubhu njalo
• Ukuvuvukala ebusweni bakho, ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma emaqakaleni
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obungachazeki
• Ushintsho emikhubeni yokuchama
• Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso

Funani ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuvuvukala okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma izinguquko ezinkulu ekukhipheni umchamo. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa isimo esibi esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Noma ngabe izimpawu zakho zibonakala zithambile, kufanelekile ukuthi amaprotheni emchameni ahlolwe. Udokotela wakho angathola ukuthi ngabe kuyisimo sesikhashana noma okuthile okudinga ukuqapha nokuqhubeka nokwelashwa.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa amaprotheni emchameni?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa amaprotheni emchameni, yize ukuba nezici eziyingozi akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzothuthukisa lesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi bahlale beqaphile ngezimpawu zakuqala.

Izici eziyingozi ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uma ushukela wegazi ungalawulwa kahle
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongaphathwanga noma olawulwa kabi
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso
• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• Ama-African American, Hispanic, noma ama-Native American ethnicity
• Isifo senhliziyo noma izinkinga zemithambo yegazi
• Ukukhuluphala okubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinso
• Ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ngengozi ye-preeclampsia

Ezinye izici zokuphila nazo zingakhuphula ingozi, kufaka phakathi ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala, nokuthatha imithi ethile njalo. Abanye abantu bazalwa nezimo zofuzo ezenza izinkinga zezinso zenzeke.

Ukuba nezinto eziningi eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoba namaprotheni emchameni, kodwa kusho ukuthi ukuqapha njalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni impilo yakho yezinso.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zamaprotheni emchameni?

Lapho amaprotheni emchameni engelashwa, kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezithinta impilo yakho yonke nekhwalithi yempilo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela iningi lalezi zinkinga ukuthi zingenzeki.

Izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona esiba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okubangela ukuvuvukala okungakhululeki
• Ukwanda kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo nesitroko
• Izinkinga zamathambo ngenxa yokungalingani kwamaminerali
• I-Anemia ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ezinso
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu okunzima ukuwulawula
• Ukwehluleka okuphelele kwezinso okudinga i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa

Lezi zinkinga zenzeka kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni, yingakho ukuqapha njalo nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kubaluleke kangaka. Abantu abaningi abathola ukunakekelwa okufanele bangavimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína ukuthi zenzeke.

Okubalulekile ukusebenza nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuze ubhekane nesizathu esiyinhloko ngenkathi uvikela izinso zakho ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo. Ngokuphathwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abanamaprotheni emchameni baphila impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo.

Yini amaprotheni emchameni angase aphuthelwe ngayo?

Amaprotheni emchameni ngezinye izikhathi angadidaniswa nezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu ezifanayo noma izinguquko zomchamo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingafani kungakusiza ukuthi uxhumane ngempumelelo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Izimo ezingase zibonakale zifana zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka emgudwini womchamo okubangela umchamo onamafu
• Amathambo ezinso akhiqiza igazi noma amakristalu emchamweni
• Ukomisa umzimba okwenza umchamo ugxile kakhulu
• Ukuphuma emithanjeni okuxubana nomchamo kwabesifazane
• Ukudla okuthile noma imithi eguqula ukubukeka komchamo
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha ngenxa yokuzivocavoca okukhulu

Ngezinye izikhathi okubonakala njengomchamo onamagwebu ovela emaprothenini empeleni kungamabhamuza avela ekuchameni ngamandla noma emanzini ashisayo. Igwebu leqiniso le-protein lithambekele ekuhlaliseni isikhathi eside futhi livela njalo.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri yiyona ndlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuhlukanisa amaprotheni emchamweni kwezinye izimo. Ukuhlolwa komchamo okulula kungathola amazinga e-protein angabonakali ngeso lenyama futhi kuqede ezinye izimbangela zokuguquka komchamo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana namaprotheni emchamweni

Umbuzo: Ingabe inani elincane lama-protein emchamweni lijwayelekile?

Yebo, amanani amancane ama-protein emchamweni angaba ajwayelekile ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuzivocavoca, ngesikhathi sokugula, noma uma womile. Izinso zakho ngokwemvelo zivumela amanani amancane ama-protein ukuthi adlule. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-protein ephakeme ngokuqhubekayo noma ekhuphuka, kufanelekile ukuthi uhlole ngokwengeziwe nodokotela wakho.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kunganciphisa amaprotheni emchamweni?

Ukuphuza amanzi anele kungasiza uma ukoma komzimba kugxilisa umchamo wakho futhi kwenza amazinga e-protein abonakale ephakeme kunalokho okuyiqiniso. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sezinso esingaphansi noma esinye isimo esibangela ukuvuza kwama-protein, ukumanzisa kahle ngamanzi kuphela ngeke kulungise inkinga. Noma kunjalo, kusazuzisa empilweni yezinso iyonke.

Umbuzo: Ingabe amaprotheni emchamweni ahlala esho ukuthi unesifo sezinso?

Cha, amaprotheni emchamweni akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unesifo sezinso. Izimo eziningi zesikhashana njengomkhuhlane, ukuzivocavoca okukhulu, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, noma ukutheleleka emgudwini womchamo kungabangela ukuthi amaprotheni avele emchamweni. Okubalulekile ukuthi ngabe amaprotheni aqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi mangaki amaprotheni akhona.

Umbuzo: Ingabe amaprotheni emchameni angalungiswa?

Amaprotheni emchameni ngokuvamile angancishiswa noma aqedwe, ikakhulu uma etholakala ngokushesha futhi imbangela ekhona ingelapheka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulawulwa okungcono ushukela wegazi ku-diabetes noma ukuphathwa komfutho wegazi kunganciphisa kakhulu amazinga amaprotheni. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukulimala kwezinso kungase kube unomphela, yingakho ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubaluleke kangako.

Umbuzo: Kufanele ngikugweme yini ukudla amaprotheni uma nginamaprotheni emchameni?

Akudingeki ukuthi ugweme amaprotheni ekudleni ngokuphelele, kodwa udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulinganisela ukudla kwakho amaprotheni kuye ngokusebenza kwezinso zakho. Amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu angabeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinso ezilimele, kuyilapho amancane kakhulu angaholela ekungondlekeni. Uchwepheshe wokudla obhalisiwe angakusiza ukuthi uthole ukulinganisela okulungile esimweni sakho.