Yini i-3D Mammogram? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-3D mammogram, ebizwa nangokuthi i-digital breast tomosynthesis, iyisivivinyo esithuthukisiwe sokuthwebula isithombe sebele esidala izithombe ezinemininingwane, ezinamathuba ezingqimba zethishu yakho yebhele. Cabanga ngayo njengokuthatha izingcezu eziningi ezincane zebele lakho bese uzibeka ndawonye ukuze ubone ngethishu ehlanganayo engase ifihle izinkinga kuma-mammogram endabuko.

Le teknoloji entsha isiza odokotela ukuthi babone umdlavuza webele ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi inciphisa isidingo sokuhlolwa okulandelayo. Abesifazane abaningi bathola ukuthi ama-3D mammogram abanika ukuzethemba okwengeziwe emiphumeleni yabo yokuhlola ngoba ahlinzeka ngezithombe ezicacile, ezinemininingwane.

Yini i-3D mammogram?

I-3D mammogram isebenzisa ama-X-ray anezilinganiso eziphansi ukuze ithwebule izithombe eziningi zebele lakho ezivela kuma-engeli ahlukene. Umshini uhamba ngendlela encane ngaphezu kwebele lakho, uthatha izithombe njalo ngamamilimitha ambalwa ukuze udale ukubukwa okunezinhlangothi ezintathu.

Ngokungafani nama-2D mammogram endabuko aqeda ithishu yakho yebhele ibe isithombe esisodwa, ama-3D mammogram avumela odokotela abaqeqeshwe emisebeni ukuthi bahlole ithishu yakho yebhele ngongqimba ngongqimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangabona ngethishu yebhele eliqinile ngokusobala futhi babone ukungajwayelekile okuncane okungase kufihlwe ngemuva kwethishu.

Le teknoloji ilusizo ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanethishu yebhele eliqinile, lapho ithishu ejwayelekile ingahlangana khona futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuthola umdlavuza. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-3D mammogram athola cishe ama-40% eminye imidlavuza yebhele ehlaselayo uma iqhathaniswa nama-2D mammogram kuphela.

Kungani kwenziwa i-3D mammogram?

Ama-3D mammogram enziwa ikakhulukazi ukuze kuhlolwe umdlavuza webele futhi kuphenywe izinkinga zebele ngokujulile. Zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zingathola imidlavuza ama-mammogram endabuko angase ayiphuthe, ikakhulukazi ethishwini yebhele eliqinile.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-3D mammogram uma unethishu yebhele eliqinile, elithinta cishe ama-40% abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40. Ithishu eqinile ivela imhlophe kuma-mammogram, njengoba kwenza izimila, okwenza kube yinselele ukubona izinkinga ngesithombe esivamile se-2D.

Ungase futhi uthole i-mammogram ye-3D uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele noma we-ovari, uphethe izinguquko zofuzo ezinjenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, noma wake waba nama-biopsies ebele angaphambili. Abanye besifazane bakhetha ama-mammogram e-3D ngenxa nje yokuthula kwengqondo okuhambisana nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe.

Le teknoloji isetshenziselwa nezinjongo zokuxilonga uma unezimpawu ezinjengamahlule ebeleni, ubuhlungu, noma ukukhishwa kwenciphisa. Kulezi zimo, izithombe ezinemininingwane zisiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo.

Yini inqubo ye-mammogram ye-3D?

Inqubo ye-mammogram ye-3D ifana kakhulu ne-mammogram yendabuko, ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-10-15 isiyonke. Uzokhulula izingubo zakho kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu futhi ugqoke ingubo yesibhedlela evuleka ngaphambili, njengama-mammogram ajwayelekile.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi se-mammogram yakho ye-3D:

1. Uchwepheshe uzokubeka emi phambi komshini we-mammography
2. Ibele lakho libekwa epuletini lepulastiki elisobala futhi licindezelwe ngobumnene nge-paddle evela phezulu
3. I-X-ray tube ihamba ngendlela encane ngaphezu kwebele lakho, ithatha izithombe eziningi ngemizuzwana engaba ngu-4
4. Kuzodingeka ubambe umoya wakho ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokulandelana kwesithombe ngasinye
5. Le nqubo iphindwa ngama-engeli ahlukene, ngokuvamile ukubukwa okubili ebeleni ngalinye
6. Omabili amabele athathwa izithombe ngendlela efanayo ukuze kuqhathaniswe

Ukucindezela kungase kuzizwe kungakhululekile, kodwa kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa izicubu ngokulinganayo futhi uthole izithombe ezicacile. Abesifazane abaningi bachaza ukungakhululeki njengengcindezi emfushane kunobuhlungu. Inqubo yonke yokuthwebula izithombe ivame ukuthatha ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-10.

Ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi ejwayelekile ngokushesha ngemva kwe-mammogram yakho. Imiphumela ivame ukutholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi udokotela wakho uzokuthinta ngemiphumela.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-mammogram yakho ye-3D?

Ukulungiselela i-mammogram ye-3D kulula futhi kufana nokulungiselela noma iyiphi i-mammogram. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti yakho ngesikhathi esifanele emjikelezweni wakho wokuya esikhathini uma usaba nokuya esikhathini.

Nawa amanye amanyathelo okuzilungiselela ukusiza ekuqinisekiseni ulwazi olungcono kakhulu:

• Hlela i-aphoyintimenti yakho ngesonto ngemuva kokuya esikhathini lapho amabele engathambile kakhulu
• Gwema ukusebenzisa i-deodorant, amakha, noma impushana endaweni yesifuba ngosuku lokuhlolwa
• Gqoka izingubo eziqhekezwe zibe izingxenye ezimbili ukuze udinga kuphela ukukhumula kusuka okhalweni kuya phezulu
• Letha uhlu lwayo yonke imithi oyithathayo
• Tshela uchwepheshe uma unezithako zamabele noma wake wahlinzwa amabele ngaphambili
• Bavumele bazi uma kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe

Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngale nqubo, cabangela ukuthatha umuthi wokudambisa izinhlungu ongathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela cishe ihora ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho. Abesifazane abaningi bathola ukuthi lokhu kuyasiza ekunciphiseni noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okuvela ekucindezelweni.

Letha izithombe zakho ze-mammogram zangaphambilini uma uya endaweni entsha. Lokhu kusiza odokotela abaqeqeshwe ngemisebe ukuthi baqhathanise izithombe zakho zamanje nalezo zesikhathi esedlule ukuze babone noma yiziphi izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-mammogram ye-3D?

Imiphumela yakho ye-mammogram ye-3D izofika ngesimo sombiko ovela kudokotela oqeqeshwe ngemisebe owabukeza izithombe zakho. Umbiko usebenzisa uhlelo olujwayelekile olubizwa nge-BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) ukuhlukanisa okutholakele.

Nakhu okushiwo yizigaba ezihlukene ze-BI-RADS kuwe:

• I-BI-RADS 0: Ukuhlolwa okungaphelele - kudingeka ezinye izithombe
• I-BI-RADS 1: Okungalungile - akukho okungavamile okutholiwe
• I-BI-RADS 2: Ukutholakele okungenabungozi - akuyona umdlavuza, ukuhlolwa okuvamile ngonyaka owodwa
• I-BI-RADS 3: Cishe akuyona ingozi - ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana kunconywa ezinyangeni eziyisi-6
• I-BI-RADS 4: Okungavamile okusolisayo - i-biopsy kufanele icatshangelwe
• I-BI-RADS 5: Ikhomba kakhulu ububi - i-biopsy inconywa ngokuqinile
• I-BI-RADS 6: Ububi obaziwayo - ezimweni lapho umdlavuza usuvele utholakele

Iningi lemiphumela ye-mammogram liwela ezigabeni 1 noma 2, okusho ukuthi konke kubukeka kujwayelekile noma kubonisa izinguquko ezingezona ezinomdlavuza. Uma uthola i-BI-RADS 0, ungakhathazeki - lokhu kumane nje kusho ukuthi i-radiologist idinga ukubukwa okwengeziwe noma ezinye izithombe ukuze ithole isithombe esiphelele.

Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi imiphumela yakho ethile isho ukuthini futhi axoxe nganoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezinconyiwe. Khumbula ukuthi ngisho noma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, iningi lokungajwayelekile kwamabele liphenduka libe yingozi.

Ziyini izinzuzo ze-3D mammogram ngaphezu kwe-mammogram ejwayelekile?

Ama-mammogram e-3D anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwama-mammogram e-2D endabuko, okwenza abe yindlela enhle yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamabele. Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ukutholwa komdlavuza okuthuthukisiwe, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile.

Nazi izinzuzo ezibalulekile ongazilindela ku-3D mammography:

• Ithola amaphesenti angama-40% ezinye izifo zomdlavuza wamabele eziyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mammogram e-2D kuphela
• Yehlisa ama-positives amanga ngama-40%, okusho ukuthi ukubuyiselwa emuva okuncane okungadingekile
• Inikeza izithombe ezicacile ngokusebenzisa izicubu zamabele eziqinile
• Inikeza ukubonakala okungcono kwemiphetho kanye nobunjwa bezinto ezingavamile
• Isiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezicubu ezijwayelekile ezigqagqene kanye nezinto ezingavamile zangempela
• Ivumela odokotela be-radiologists ukuthi baqonde indawo eqondile yokutholakele ngokunembile okwengeziwe

Ukuncishiswa kwama-positives amanga kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kusho izinsuku ezimbalwa zokukhathazeka zokulinda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okugcina kubonisa ukuthi konke kulungile. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa ekunembeni kunenzuzo kokubili ukuthula kwakho kwengqondo kanye nohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lonke.

Kwabesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile, ama-mammogram e-3D angashintsha impilo. Izicubu eziqinile zingafihla izimila kuma-mammogram endabuko, kodwa ukucabanga okungqongqoqile kobuchwepheshe be-3D kusiza odokotela be-radiologists ukuthi babone ngalezi zicubu ngokusobala okukhulu.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi noma imikhawulo ye-mammogram ye-3D?

Ama-mammogram e-3D ngokuvamile aphephile kakhulu, anezingozi ezincane kwabesifazane abaningi. Ukuvezwa kwemisebe kuphezulu kancane kune-mammogram yendabuko, kodwa kusathathwa njengokuncane kakhulu futhi kuphephile ekuhlolweni okuvamile.

Umthamo wemisebe ovela ku-mammogram ye-3D cishe ulingana nalowo ongawuthola emisebeni engemuva yemvelo emasontweni ayisikhombisa. Lokhu kwanda okuncane emisebeni kuthathwa njengokwamukelekayo uma kubhekwa izinzuzo ezinkulu ekutholakaleni komdlavuza.

Nawa amakhawulo amakhulu kanye nokucatshangelwa okufanele ukukhumbule:

• Isikhathi sokuhlolwa eside kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mammogram e-2D
• Ngeke kumbozwe yizo zonke izinhlelo zomshuwalense
• Ayitholakali kuzo zonke izindawo zokucabanga
• Ngingase ngiphuthelwe yimithilela ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo engabonakali kahle kuma-X-ray
• Ngingase ngithole izinto ezingavamile ezincane kakhulu ezingase zingaze zibange izinkinga
• Kusadingeka ukucindezela, okungase kungakhululeki

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akukho ukuhlolwa okuhle ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi ama-mammogram e-3D ekahle ekutholeni umdlavuza webele, angeke akwazi ukuthola wonke umdlavuza. Eminye imidlavuza ingase ingabonakali kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-mammogram, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwebele komtholampilo nokwazi izinguquko emabeleni akho kusabalulekile.

Uma unezinkathazo mayelana nokuchayeka emisebeni, xoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho. Kwabesifazane abaningi, izinzuzo zokutholwa komdlavuza ngokushesha zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezincane zemisebe.

Obani okufanele bathole ama-mammogram e-3D?

Ama-mammogram e-3D anconywa kwabesifazane abaningi abafanelekela ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-mammography. Zizuzisa ikakhulukazi kumaqembu athile abesifazane abangase babe nezici eziyingozi eziphakeme noma izicubu zamabele ezinzima ukuzithwebula.

Ungumuntu omuhle kakhulu wama-mammogram e-3D uma unanoma yiziphi zalezi zici:

• Izicubu zamabele ezinzima (zithinta cishe u-40% wabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40)
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele noma we-ovari
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza webele
• Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okufana ne-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2
• Ukuhlolwa kwebele kwangaphambilini noma izilonda eziyingozi
• Umlando wokwelashwa ngemisebe yesifuba
• Ukubizelwa emuva kwangaphambilini ukuze kutholwe izithombe ezengeziwe ezivela kuma-mammogram e-2D

Noma kunjalo, ngisho noma ungafakiwe kulezi zigaba eziyingozi kakhulu, ama-mammogram e-3D angakuzuza. Abesifazane abaningi bawakhetha nje ngenxa yokunemba okuthuthukisiwe nokuthula kwengqondo abakunikezayo.

Izincomo zeminyaka yobudala yama-mammogram e-3D zilandela imihlahlandlela efanayo nama-mammogram endabuko. Izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha zincoma ukuqala ama-mammogram anyaka ngamanye noma njalo eminyakeni emibili phakathi kweminyaka engu-40-50, kuye ngezici zakho eziyingozi nezintandokazi zakho.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ngabe ama-mammogram e-3D akulungele yini. Bangakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo ngokumelene nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo engaba khona ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye nomlando wezokwelapha.

Kwenziwani uma i-mammogram yami ye-3D ikhombisa okungajwayelekile?

Uma i-mammogram yakho ye-3D ikhombisa okungajwayelekile, zama ukukhumbula ukuthi iningi lezinto ezitholakele liphuma libe lihle. Cishe ama-80% ama-biopsies ebele abuya engakhombisi umdlavuza, ngakho-ke umphumela ongajwayelekile akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wamabele.

Izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo zizoqondiswa yilokho okutholwe yi-mammogram nokuthi kubukeka kukusolisisa kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzochaza isimo sakho esithile futhi ancome ukulandela okufanele.

Nakhu okwenzeka ngokujwayelekile ngemuva komphumela we-mammogram ye-3D ongajwayelekile:

1. Udokotela wakho uzoshayela ucingo ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
2. Ungase udinge izithombe ezengeziwe njenge-ultrasound noma i-MRI
3. Ngezinye izikhathi kunconywa i-mammogram yokulandela ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6
4. Uma okungajwayelekile kubukeka kusolisisa, i-biopsy ingase inconywe
5. Uchwepheshe wamabele angase abuzwe ukuze athole ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo
6. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxhumanisa ukunakekelwa futhi likugcine unolwazi kuyo yonke le ndlela

Uma i-biopsy inconywa, izindlela zanamuhla zenza le nqubo ikhululeke kakhulu kunakuqala. Ama-biopsies amaningi ebele enziwa njengezinqubo zokugula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-anesthesia yendawo, futhi ngokuvamile ungabuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuthola okungajwayelekile kusenesikhathi, ngisho noma kuvela ukuthi kungumdlavuza, ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezengeziwe. Ithimba lakho lezempilo likhona ukukusekela ngokusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa okungase kudingeke.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nemiphumela ye-mammogram ye-3D?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ungazizwanga ngemiphumela yakho ye-mammogram ye-3D kungakapheli amasonto amabili kusukela ekuhlolweni kwakho. Ngenkathi imiphumela eminingi itholakala phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi ukubambezeleka kungenzeka enqubweni yokubika.

Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho kufanele likuthinte ngemiphumela yakho, kodwa kuhlale kufanele ukulandela uma ungazizwanga lutho. Ungacabangi ukuthi azikho izindaba ezinhle uma kuziwa emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Kufanele futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha zamabele phakathi kwama-mammograms, ngisho noma i-3D mammogram yakho yakamuva ibilokhu ijwayelekile. Lezi zinguquko zingabandakanya:

• Amaqhubu amasha noma ukujiya ebeleni lakho noma emakhwapheni
• Ushintsho ngosayizi webhele noma ukuma
• Ushintsho esikhumbeni njengokugoba, ukushwabana, noma ububomvu
• Ukuphuma kwencane noma izinguquko ekubukekeni kwencane
• Ubuhlungu obungajwayelekile bebele obungapheli
• Izindawo ezintsha zokuba nobumnene eziqhubekayo

Uma uthola imiphumela engajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzokuxhumana ukuze axoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi izitholakalo zisho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ukuqhubeka.

Khumbula ukuthi ama-mammograms ayingxenye eyodwa nje yokunakekelwa kwempilo yamabele. Ukuzazi njalo, ukuhlolwa kwemabele komtholampilo, nokuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngokuhlolwa okunconyiwe konke kusebenza ndawonye ukusiza ukubamba izinkinga ekuqaleni lapho ziphathwa kakhulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-3D mammogram

Ingabe i-3D mammogram ingcono kune-mammogram ejwayelekile yamabele aqinile?

Yebo, ama-3D mammograms angcono kakhulu kwabesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile. Izicubu eziqinile zibonakala zimhlophe kuma-mammograms, njengoba kwenza namathumba, okwenza kube nzima ukubona umdlavuza ngemifanekiso yendabuko ye-2D.

Ukuthwebula izithombe ezinamathanga zama-3D mammograms kuvumela odokotela abaqeqeshwe ngemisebe ukuthi babone ngokucacile ezicutshini eziqinile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-3D mammograms athola cishe ama-40% eminye imidlavuza ehlaselayo kwabesifazane abanamabele aqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nama-2D mammograms kuphela.

Ingabe i-3D mammogram ilimaza ngaphezu kwe-mammogram ejwayelekile?

Cha, ama-3D mammograms awalimazi ngaphezu kwama-mammograms ajwayelekile. Ukucindezela nokubeka cishe kufana nama-mammograms endabuko. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-X-ray tube ihamba ngendlela encane ngaphezu kwebele lakho, kodwa ngeke ukuzwe lokhu kunyakaza.

Isikhathi sokucindezela singase sibe side kancane, kodwa abesifazane abaningi abaqapheli umehluko omkhulu wokungakhululeki. Uma uke waba nama-mammogram avamile ngaphambili, ungalindela okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo nge-3D mammography.

Kufanele ngithole ama-3D mammogram kaningi kangakanani?

Ama-3D mammogram alandela izincomo ezifanayo zokuhlela njengama-mammogram endabuko. Izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha zincoma ama-mammogram anyaka ngamanye aqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-50, kuye ngobungozi bakho nezintandokazi zakho.

Uma usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele ngenxa yomlando womndeni, izinguquko zofuzo, noma ezinye izinto, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuba nokuhlolwa okuvamile. Okubalulekile ukugcina ukuvumelana nanoma yisiphi isheduli wena nodokotela wakho eninquma ukuthi isebenza kahle esimweni sakho.

Ingabe ama-3D mammogram ahlanganiswa ngumshwalense?

Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-3D mammogram kuyahluka ngohlelo lomshwalense nendawo. Izinhlelo eziningi zomshwalense manje zihlanganisa ama-3D mammogram, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zebele eziqinile noma ezinye izici eziyingozi.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho womshwalense ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuze uqonde ukuthi uhlanganiswe kanjani kanye nanoma yiziphi izindleko ezingase ziphume ephaketheni. Ezinye izikhungo zinikeza izinhlelo zokukhokha noma amanani ancishisiwe uma ukhokha ephaketheni.

Ingabe ama-3D mammogram angathola zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele?

Ama-3D mammogram amahle kakhulu ekutholeni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza webele, kodwa akukho ukuhlolwa okuyikho ngokuphelele. Zilungile ikakhulukazi ekutholeni imidlavuza ehlaselayo nezinhlobo eziningi zemidlavuza yesigaba sokuqala.

Eminye imidlavuza ingase ingabonakali kahle kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-mammogram, okuhlanganisa imidlavuza emincane kakhulu noma leyo engenzi izinguquko ezibonakalayo ezicutshini zebele. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwebele komtholampilo nokuhlala uqaphela izinguquko emabeleni akho kuseyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa kwezempilo yebhele.