Liyini i-A1C Test? Injongo, Amazinga, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-A1C test ilinganisa amazinga akho kashukela egazini esewonke ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule. Kufana nokuthatha isithombe sokuthi umzimba wakho ubulawula kahle kangakanani i-glucose ngaleso sikhathi. Le test yegazi elula ikunikeza wena nodokotela wakho ukuqonda okubalulekile ngokuphatha kwakho isifo sikashukela noma ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela.

Liyini i-A1C Test?

I-A1C test ilinganisa iphesenti lama-red blood cells akho anoshukela oxhunywe kuwo. Lapho i-glucose ihlala egazini lakho isikhathi eside, ngokwemvelo inamathela kuphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwama-red blood cells akho.

Njengoba ama-red blood cells ehlala cishe izinyanga ezi-2-3, le test yembula amazinga akho kashukela egazini esewonke ngesikhathi sonke leso sikhathi. Cabanga ngayo njengekhadi lombiko lokuphatha kwakho ushukela egazini ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, kunokuba nje umzuzwana owodwa ngesikhathi.

Le test yaziwa nangokuthi i-hemoglobin A1C, HbA1c, noma i-glycated hemoglobin. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bayisebenzisa njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga isifo sikashukela nokuqapha ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Kungani kwenziwa i-A1C Test?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-A1C test ukuze ahlolisise ukuthi unesifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes. Ngokungafani nezivivinyo zansuku zonke zikashukela egazini ezingashintshashintsha ngokusekelwe kulokho okudlayo noma amazinga akho okucindezeleka, i-A1C inikeza isithombe esizinzile, sesikhathi eside sokulawula kwakho i-glucose.

Uma usuvele unesifo sikashukela, le test isiza ithimba lakho lezempilo ukuthi liqonde ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lokwelashwa lusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ikhombisa ukuthi imithi yakho, ukudla, kanye nezinguquko zokuphila zikwazi yini ukulawula amazinga akho kashukela egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Le test ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ayikwazi ukuthonywa izinto zesikhashana njengokudla kwakamuva noma ukugula okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuyenza ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho isifo sikashukela nokulungiswa kokwelashwa.

Yini inqubo ye-A1C Test?

Uvivinyo lwe-A1C lulula ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ludinga isampula elincane legazi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzodonsa igazi emthanjeni engalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti encane, efana nezinye izivivinyo zegazi ezivamile ongase ube nazo.

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu. Isampula legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe belinganisela khona iphesenti le-hemoglobin elinamathiselwe kulo i-glucose.

Ezinye izindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo manje zinikeza ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C endaweni yokunakekelwa, okusho ukuthi ungathola imiphumela yakho ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuvakasha. Lezi zivivinyo ezisheshayo zisebenzisa ithonsi elincane legazi elivela ethiphu yomunwe wakho futhi zinikeze imiphumela ngemizuzu embalwa nje.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-A1C?

Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-A1C ukuthi akudingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile ngakho. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, futhi akudingeki ukuthi uzile noma ugweme noma yikuphi ukudla noma iziphuzo.

Ungathatha imithi yakho ejwayelekile njengoba kunqunywe, futhi isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho asibalulekile. Noma ngabe uya ekuseni noma ntambama ngeke kuthinte imiphumela yakho ngoba ukuhlolwa kulinganisa amaphethini kashukela wegazi wesikhathi eside.

Nokho, kufanelekile ukusho kudokotela wakho uma ube nezinguquko ezinkulu zempilo yakho, njengokugula okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa igazi, noma ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lezi zimo ezingavamile zingase zithinte imiphumela yakho okwesikhashana.

Ungayifunda kanjani i-A1C Test yakho?

Imiphumela ye-A1C ibikwa njengephersenti, futhi ukuqonda lezi zinombolo kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule impilo yakho. Amazinga e-A1C ajwayelekile angaphansi kuka-5.7%, okukhombisa ukuthi ushukela wakho wegazi ubulokhu usendaweni enempilo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.

Uma i-A1C yakho iwa phakathi kuka-5.7% no-6.4%, lokhu kubonisa i-prediabetes. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazinga kashukela wegazi lakho abelokhu ephakeme kunokujwayelekile kodwa engakabi phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi ahlukaniswe njengesifo sikashukela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-prediabetes ivame ukuguqulwa ngezinguquko zokuphila.

I-A1C engu-6.5% noma ngaphezulu ezivivinyweni ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuvamile iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela. Kubantu asebenaso isifo sikashukela, i-American Diabetes Association ngokuvamile incoma ukugcina amazinga e-A1C ngaphansi kuka-7% kubantu abadala abaningi, nakuba umgomo wakho ngamunye ungase uhluke ngokuya ngesimo sakho sempilo.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola umgomo wakho siqu we-A1C. Abanye abantu bangase bahlose imigomo ephansi, kanti abanye abanezimo ezithile zempilo bangase babe nemigomo ephakeme kancane ephephe kakhulu kubo.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amazinga akho e-A1C?

Uma amazinga akho e-A1C ephakeme kunohlu lwakho oluqondiwe, kunezinqubo eziningana eziphumelelayo ezingasiza ukuwahlisa. Indlela enamandla kakhulu ihlanganisa ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, nokuthatha imithi njengoba kuyalelwe.

Ukushintsha kancane kancane imikhuba yakho yokudla kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ku-A1C yakho. Gxila ekukhetheni ukudla okungabangeli ukunyuka okusheshayo kushukela wegazi, njengemifino, amaprotheni anciphile, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Ukusebenza nodokotela wezokudla obhalisiwe kungakusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo lokudla oluhambisana nendlela yakho yokuphila nezintandokazi zakho.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi usebenzise i-insulin ngempumelelo futhi kunganciphisa i-A1C yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngisho nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe njengokuhamba ngokushesha imizuzu engama-30 ezinsukwini eziningi zeviki kungenza umehluko obalulekile. Hlala uhlola nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala umkhuba omusha wokuzivocavoca.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, ukuthatha imithi yakho ngendlela enembile njengoba kuyalelwe kubalulekile ekuphatheni amazinga akho e-A1C. Ungalokothi weqe imithamo noma uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqala, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekunyukeni okuyingozi kukashukela wegazi.

Liyini izinga elingcono kakhulu le-A1C?

Izinga eliphelele le-A1C lincike esimweni sakho sempilo ngamunye nokuthi ngabe unesifo sikashukela yini. Kubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela, i-A1C ejwayelekile ingaphansi kuka-5.7%, okukhombisa ukulawulwa okuhle koshukela wegazi wesikhathi eside.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenza nawe ukuthola umgomo wakho siqu. Kubantu abadala abaningi abanesifo sikashukela, i-A1C engaphansi kuka-7% ngumgomo, kodwa lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, ezinye izimo zempilo, kanye nengozi yezigameko zikashukela ophansi.

Abantu abadala noma abantu abanezimo zempilo ezinzima bangase babe nemigomo ye-A1C ephakeme kancane ukunciphisa ingozi kashukela ophansi ngendlela eyingozi. Udokotela wakho ucabangela isithombe sakho esiphelele sempilo lapho esetha umgomo wakho ngamunye.

Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nokuthuthuka okuncane ku-A1C yakho kungaba nemiphumela emikhulu yezempilo. Ukwehlisa i-A1C yakho ngo-1% nje kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yezinkinga zesifo sikashukela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi ze-A1C ephezulu?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba namazinga e-A1C aphakeme, futhi ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo sokuvimbela. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungenye yezici eziyingozi ezinkulu, njengoba isisindo esiningi singenza kube nzima ukuthi umzimba wakho usebenzise i-insulin ngempumelelo.

Umlando womndeni udlala indima ebalulekile engozini yakho. Uma abazali bakho, izingane zakini, noma ezinye izihlobo eziseduze benesifo sikashukela, maningi amathuba okuthi uzothuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazi aphakeme nawe. Ngenkathi ungeke ukwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo zakho, ukwazi umlando wakho womndeni kukusiza ukuthi uhlale uqaphile mayelana nokuqapha impilo yakho.

Ubudala buyinye enye into okufanele icatshangelwe. Ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela namazinga aphezulu e-A1C iyanda njengoba ukhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-45. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ikhono lomzimba wakho lokucubungula i-glucose lingancipha ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

Ezinye izizinda zobuhlanga zithwala izingozi eziphakeme futhi. Abantu base-African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American, kanye nenzalo yasePacific Islander banezinga eliphezulu lesifo sikashukela futhi bangase bakwazi ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-A1C.

Ukuba nomlando wesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa uhlobo 2 lukashukela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abazale izingane ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwamaphawundi angu-9 babhekana nezingozi eziphakeme zamazinga kashukela egazini.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba ne-A1C ephezulu noma ephansi?

Uma kuziwa emazingeni e-A1C, umgomo ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elinempilo kunokuthi ukhuphuke kakhulu noma wehle kakhulu. Ukuba namazinga e-A1C aphezulu ngokuqhubekayo kukubeka engozini yezinkinga ezinkulu zikashukela, okuhlanganisa isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, kanye nomonakalo wemizwa.

Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela i-A1C yakho ukuthi yehle kakhulu kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sikashukela futhi usebenzisa imithi engabangela ushukela ophansi. Amazinga e-A1C aphansi kakhulu angase abonise ukuthi uhlangabezana neziqephu ezivamile ze-hypoglycemia, ezingaba yingozi empilweni.

Indawo emnandi ukugcina i-A1C yakho ngaphakathi kwebanga lakho eliqondiwe njengoba linqunywe umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Le ndlela elinganiselayo isiza ekuvikeleni kokubili izinkinga zikashukela ophezulu kanye nezingozi zeziqephu zikashukela ophansi ezinzima.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-A1C ephezulu?

Amazinga e-A1C aphezulu ngokuqhubekayo angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakukhuthaza ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo. Ushukela ophezulu ulimala imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke, okungathinta izinhlelo eziningi zezitho.

Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ziphakathi kwezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu. Amazinga e-A1C aphezulu andisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi. I-glucose eyeqile egazini lakho ingalimaza umugqa wemithambo yakho yegazi futhi ibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamahlule egazi ayingozi.

Izinso zakho zibhekene kakhulu nomonakalo ovela emazingeni kashukela aphezulu egazini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-A1C ephakeme ingaholela esifweni sezinso esibangelwa isifo sikashukela, esingase siqhubekele ekwehlulekeni kwezinso okudinga i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa. Ukuqapha njalo kungasiza ekubambeni izinkinga zezinso ekuqaleni lapho ziphathwa kalula.

Umonakalo wemizwa, obizwa ngokuthi i-diabetic neuropathy, kungenye inkinga engenzeka. Lokhu kuvame ukuqala ezinyaweni nasezandleni zakho, kubangele ukuba ndikindiki, ukuluma, noma ubuhlungu. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukulimala kwemizwa kungaholela ezifweni ezinzima noma kudingeke nokunqunywa.

Izinkinga zamehlo nazo zingase zivele, okuhlanganisa i-diabetic retinopathy, engaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono noma ubumpumputhe uma ingelashwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungathola lezi zinkinga ekuqaleni, futhi imithi iyatholakala ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-A1C ephansi?

Ngenkathi ukuba ne-A1C ephansi kungase kubonakale kukuhle, amazinga aphansi kakhulu angabonisa inkinga enkulu ezinqeni ezivame ukuba ne-hypoglycemia noma ushukela ophansi wegazi. Lezi ziqephu zingaba yingozi futhi zibeke ukuphila engozini uma zenzeka njalo.

I-hypoglycemia enzima ingabangela ukudideka, ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Uma uhlangabezana neziqephu ezivame ukuba noshukela ophansi wegazi, i-A1C yakho ingase ibonakale ilungile ngokuqamba amanga ngenkathi empeleni usengozini yezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.

Abanye abantu bangase bafinyelele amazinga aphansi kakhulu e-A1C ngokusebenzisa imikhawulo yokudla engavamile noma ukwelashwa ngokweqile, okungaholela ekungondlekeni noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ufinyelele imigomo yakho ye-A1C ngokuphepha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingabangela ukufundwa kwe-A1C okuphansi ngamanga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-anemia enzima, ukulahlekelwa kwegazi kwamuva, noma izimo ezithile zofuzo ezithinta impilo yamaseli abomvu egazi. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-A1C yakho ibonisa ngokuqondile ukulawulwa kukashukela wakho wegazi.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela nge-A1C?

Kufanele ubone udokotela ukuze uhlolwe i-A1C uma unezinto eziyingozi zesifo sikashukela noma uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingase zibonise izinkinga zikashukela wegazi. I-American Diabetes Association incoma ukuthi bonke abantu abadala baqale ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela eneminyaka engama-45, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma unezinto eziyingozi.

Uma uqaphela izimpawu ezinjengokwanda komzwelo wokoma, ukuvama ukuchama, ukwehla kwesisindo esingachazeki, noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, lezi kungaba yizimpawu zamazinga kashukela wegazi aphakeme. Ungalindi ukuhlolwa uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, njengoba ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele bahlolwe i-A1C okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze baqaphe intuthuko yabo futhi babambe noma yikuphi ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela kusenesikhathi. Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzoncoma ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C njalo emavikini ama-3-6, kuye ngokuthi ushukela wakho wegazi ulawulwa kahle kangakanani.

Kufanele futhi ubone udokotela wakho uma unesifo sikashukela futhi imiphumela yakho ye-A1C ihlala ngaphezu kwebanga lakho eliqondiwe. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lokwelapha ludinga ukulungiswa, futhi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angakusiza ukuthi ubuyele emgwaqeni.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-A1C

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kulungile ekutholeni isifo sikashukela?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kuyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuthola isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kunikeza isithombe esiphelele sokulawulwa kukashukela wakho wegazi ezinyangeni ezi-2-3, kunokuba nje umzuzu owodwa ngesikhathi njengokuhlolwa kwe-glucose okuzila ukudla.

Ukuhlolwa kulula ngoba akudingeki uzile ukudla ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe, futhi akuthintwa ukudla kwakamuva noma ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase akusebenzise kanye nezinye izivivinyo ukuze athole isithombe esiphelele se-glucose metabolism yakho futhi aqinisekise ukuxilongwa.

Q.2 Ingabe i-A1C ephezulu ibangela ukukhathala?

Amazingi amazinga e-A1C angahle aholele ekukhathaleni, nakuba ubuhlobo bungaqondile. Uma amazinga kashukela egazi lakho ephakeme ngokuqhubekayo, umzimba wakho uba nobunzima ekusebenziseni i-glucose ngempumelelo ukuze uthole amandla, okungakushiya uzizwa ukhathele futhi unamandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela ophezulu wegazi ungaholela ekuphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni njengoba izinso zakho zisebenza kanzima ukuze zihluze i-glucose eyeqile, futhi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuvamile ukubangela ukukhathala. Uma uhlangabezana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo kanye nezinye izimpawu ezinjengokoma okukhulu noma ukuchama njalo, kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngokuhlolwa kwe-A1C nodokotela wakho.

Q.3 Ingabe imiphumela ye-A1C ingaba yiphutha?

Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C kuvamile ukuba kunembe kakhulu, izimo ezithile zingathinta imiphumela. Abantu abanezinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia, ukulahlekelwa yigazi kwamuva, noma izinguquko zofuzo ezithinta i-hemoglobin bangase babe nemiphumela engabonisi ngokuqondile amazinga abo kashukela egazi.

Uma imiphumela yakho ye-A1C ingahambisani nokufundwa kwakho usuku ngalunye kashukela egazini noma uma unezimo ezingase zithinte ukuhlolwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokuhlola. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose okuzila ukudla noma ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele.

Q.4 Amazinga e-A1C angashintsha ngokushesha kangakanani?

Amazinga e-A1C ashintsha kancane kancane ngoba abonisa ushukela wakho wegazi omaphakathi ezinyangeni ezi-2-3. Ngokuvamile ngeke ubone izinguquko ezinkulu ku-A1C yakho okungenani amasonto angu-6-8 ngemva kokwenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila noma ukulungisa imithi.

Yingakho odokotela bevame ukulinda okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-A1C lapho beqapha ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela. Nokho, imvelo encane yezinguquko ze-A1C futhi isho ukuthi ukuthuthuka okwenzayo ngemikhuba enempilo kuzoba nemiphumela ehlala njalo emiphumeleni yakho.

Q.5 Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-A1C nokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kashukela egazini?

Ukuvivinywa ushukela wegazi nsuku zonke kukunikeza isithombe sezinga lakho le-glucose ngomzuzu othile, kanti i-A1C inikeza isithombe esikhulu ezinyangeni eziningana. Cabanga ngokuhlola kwansuku zonke njengokuthatha izithombe ngazinye, kanti i-A1C ifana nokubuka imuvi yamaphethini akho kashukela wegazi.

Zombili izinhlobo zokuhlola zibalulekile ngezizathu ezihlukene. Ukuhlola kwansuku zonke kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ngokushesha mayelana nokudla, imithi, nomsebenzi, kanti i-A1C ikusiza nodokotela wakho ukuthi bahlole ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela olujwayelekile lusebenza kahle kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.