Zithini Izithombe Zokungezwani Komzimba? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

Izithombe zokungezwani komzimba ziyindlela yokwelapha efakazelwe esiza amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi kancane kancane angazizwa ebucayi kuma-allergen athile. Ezinye zibizwa ngokuthi i-allergen immunotherapy, lezi zibhamu ziqukethe amanani amancane ezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kwakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho ufunda ukubekezelela lezi zinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kangcono, okunganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu zakho zokungezwani komzimba futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo yakho.

Zithini izithombe zokungezwani komzimba?

Izithombe zokungezwani komzimba zisebenza ngokufundisa kabusha amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angasabela ngendlela enobudlova kuma-allergen. Cabanga ngakho njengokufundisa uhlelo lokuzivikela emzimbeni wakho ukuthi luqaphele izinto ezingalimazi njengempova noma izinwele zezilwane ezifuywayo njengabangane kunokuba izitha. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuthola imijovo ejwayelekile equkethe amanani amancane, alinganiselwe ngokucophelela ama-allergen akho athile.

Isithombe ngasinye siqukethe inguqulo encishisiwe yalokho okukwenza uthimbe, ulume, noma uzizwe ukhungetheke. Udokotela wakho udala ingxube yomuntu siqu esekelwe emiphumeleni yakho yokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izithombe zakho zenzelwe ngokuqondile ukubhekana nama-allergen akuphazamisa kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu futhi kwenzeka ezigabeni ezimbili. Isigaba sokwakha sihlanganisa ukuthola izithombe kanye noma kabili ngesonto ngemithamo eyanda kancane kancane. Isigaba sokulungisa silandelayo, lapho uthola khona izithombe kaningi kodwa uqhubeka nokwelashwa ukuze ugcine ukubekezelela kwakho okuthuthukisiwe.

Kungani kwenziwa izithombe zokungezwani komzimba?

Izithombe zokungezwani komzimba zinconywa lapho izimpawu zakho zithinta kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azizange zinikeze ukukhululeka okwanele. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele le nketho uma uhlangabezana nokungezwani komzimba okukhulu kwesizini, izimpawu zonyaka wonke, noma ukusabela kuma-allergen okungenakugwenywa njengothuli noma izinwele zezilwane ezifuywayo.

Le nyango lisebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu abane-allergic rhinitis, i-asthma ye-allergic, noma izifo ezibangelwa ukulunywa izinambuzane. Iziguli eziningi zithola ukuthi imijovo ye-allergy inciphisa isidingo sabo semithi yansuku zonke futhi zibenze bakwazi ukujabulela imisebenzi ababevame ukuyigwema ngesikhathi sonyaka we-allergy.

Imijovo ingavimbela nokuthuthukiswa kwe-allergies ezintsha futhi inciphise ingozi ye-asthma ye-allergic kubantu abane-hay fever kuphela. Lokhu kubenza babe yindleko ebalulekile yesikhathi eside empilweni yakho yokuphefumula.

Yini inqubo yomjovo we-allergy?

Uhambo lwakho lomjovo we-allergy luqala ngokuhlolwa okubanzi ukukhomba izinto ezikubangelayo. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo zesikhumba noma izivivinyo zegazi ukuthola kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukusabela kwakho. Lolu lwazi lusiza ukudala uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha olwenzelwe wena.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelapha:

• Ukubonisana kokuqala nokuhlolwa kwe-allergy ukuthola izinto ezikubangelayo
• Isigaba sokwakha ngemijovo yamasonto onke noma kabili ngesonto izinyanga ezi-3-6
• Ukwanda kancane kwemithamo njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba
• Isigaba sokulungisa ngemijovo yanyanga zonke iminyaka engu-3-5
• Ukuqapha njalo ukusabela nokusebenza kokwelashwa

Ukuqokwa ngakunye kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-30, okuhlanganisa nesikhathi sokubuka imizuzu engu-20 ngemva komjovo wakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokuqapha nganoma yikuphi ukusabela okusheshayo futhi alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Ungalungela kanjani imijovo yakho ye-allergy?

Ukulungiselela imijovo ye-allergy kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilula ezisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho nempumelelo yokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile, kodwa ukulungiselela okuningi kugxila esikhathini nasesimweni sempilo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqokwe, qiniseka ukuthi uzizwa kahle futhi awuguli muva nje. Uma unesifuba, kufanele silawulwe kahle ngaphambi kokuthola imijovo. Udokotela wakho angase alibazise ukwelashwa uma uhlangabezana nokuqubuka kwesifuba noma ugule muva nje.

Cabangela lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulungiselela:

• Gwema ukuthatha ama-antihistamines izinsuku eziyi-3-7 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba
• Tshela udokotela wakho ngemithi oyithathayo
• Hlela ama-aphoyintimenti uma uzizwa unempilo
• Hlela ukuhlala isikhathi esigcwele sokubuka ngemuva komjovo ngamunye
• Letha uhlu lwanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma ukusabela kwamuva

Kuyasiza futhi ukugqoka izingubo ezivumela ukufinyelela kalula engalweni yakho engenhla, lapho imijovo ivamise ukunikezwa khona. Ukuba nesidlo esilula ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yomjovo wokungezwani komzimba?

Ukuqonda inqubekela phambili yakho ngemijovo yokungezwani komzimba kuhilela ukulandelela kokubili ukusabela okusheshayo nokuthuthuka kwezimpawu zesikhathi eside. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqapha impendulo yakho ekuvakasheni ngakunye futhi alungise ukwelashwa kwakho ngokufanele.

Ukusabela okusheshayo endaweni yokujova kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela ekwelashweni. Ukuvuvukala okuncane, okwendawo noma ububomvu kungakapheli amahora ambalwa kuvamile futhi kulindelekile. Udokotela wakho uzokala futhi abhale phansi lezi zindlela zokuphendula ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi zihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile.

Impumelelo yesikhathi eside ilinganiswa ngokuthuthuka ezimpawini zakho zansuku zonke kanye nekhwalithi yempilo. Iziguli eziningi zibona izinguquko ezibalulekile ngonyaka wokuqala, nakuba izinzuzo eziphezulu zivame ukuthatha iminyaka engu-2-3 ukuze zifezekiswe. Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise amasistimu okushaya izimpawu noma imibuzo yekhwalithi yempilo ukuze alandelele inqubekela phambili yakho ngendlela enengqondo.

Ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho komjovo wokungezwani komzimba?

Ukuze uthole okuningi emithini yakho yokungezwani komzimba kudingeka ukuya njalo nokuxhumana okuvulekile nethimba lakho lezempilo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuya emithini kunganciphisa inqubekela phambili yakho futhi kungadinga ukulungiswa kwemithamo ukuze kugcinwe ukuphepha nokusebenza.

Ukugcina idayari yezimpawu kukusiza kanye nodokotela wakho ukuthi nilandelele ukuthuthuka futhi nihlonze amaphethini. Qaphela ukuthi izimpawu zenzeka nini, ukuthi zinjani, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto ezikuthintayo. Lolu lwazi lusiza ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa futhi lubonisa inqubekela phambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukusekela ukwelashwa kwakho ngokulawula imvelo kungathuthukisa imiphumela. Ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya, ukugcina amazinga aphansi omswakama, nokunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni eziqashelwayo ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba kungasiza ukunciphisa umthwalo wakho wokungezwani komzimba ngenkathi imithi isebenza ukwakha ukubekezelelana kwakho.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuphendula emithini yokungezwani komzimba?

Ngenkathi imithi yokungezwani komzimba ivikelekile ngokujwayelekile, izici ezithile zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuba nezimpawu. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza kanye nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Abantu abane-asthma engalawulwa kahle babhekana nezingozi eziphakeme zokuphendula okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuthi i-asthma yakho ilawulwe kahle ngaphambi kokuqala imithi futhi angalungisa ukwelashwa kwakho uma izimpawu zakho ze-asthma ziba zimbi. Imithi ye-beta-blocker nayo ingakhuphula izingozi zokuphendula ngokuphazamisa ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuphendula:

• I-asthma engalawulwa noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma kwakamuva
• Ukuthatha imithi ye-beta-blocker yezimo zenhliziyo
• Ukuba nomlando wokuphendula okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba
• Ukuthola imithi ngesikhathi sonyaka wokungezwani komzimba
• Ukukhulelwa noma ukuba nezimo ze-autoimmune

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzohlola ngokucophelela lezi zici ngaphambi kokuncoma imithi yokungezwani komzimba. Bangase baphakamise ukwelashwa okuhlukile noma bathathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe uma unezici eziyingozi eziphakeme.

Ingabe imithi yokungezwani komzimba ingcono kunezithako?

Imijovo yokungezwani komzimba nemithi kusebenza ngezinhloso ezihlukene ekuphatheni ukungezwani komzimba, futhi ukukhetha okungcono kuncike esimweni sakho esithile. Imijovo inikeza izinzuzo zesikhathi eside ezingahlala iminyaka ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa, kanti imithi inikeza ukukhululeka ngokushesha kodwa idinga ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi imijovo yokungezwani komzimba inciphisa isidingo sabo semithi yansuku zonke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi evela kuma-antihistamines noma ama-nasal sprays, noma uma ukhetha ukungathathi imithi isikhathi eside.

Isinqumo sivame ukwehla endleleni yakho yokuphila, ubukhulu bezimpawu, kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa. Ezinye iziguli zisebenzisa zombili izindlela, zithatha imithi ukuze zithole ukukhululeka ngokushesha ngenkathi zakha ukubekezelelana kwesikhathi eside ngemijovo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ulinganise izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwenketho ngayinye.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zemijovo yokungezwani komzimba?

Abantu abaningi bayakubekezelela kahle imijovo yokungezwani komzimba, kodwa njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Ukuqonda izinkinga ezingaba khona kukusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi nini okufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi kukwenza umhlanganyeli onolwazi olwengeziwe ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Ukusabela kwendawo kuyimiphumela emibi evame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka kungakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemuva komjovo. Lokhu kungabandakanya ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuluma endaweni yokujova. Ukusabela okuningi kwendawo kulula futhi kulungiswa ngokwako ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína kodwa ezingavamile zingabandakanya:

• Ukusabela kwesistimu okuthinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba
• Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuhlaselwa yisifuba
• Izinduna ezisabalele noma ukusabela kwesikhumba
• Ngokuvamile, i-anaphylaxis esongela impilo

Ukusabela kwesistimu kuvamile ukwenzeka kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva komjovo, yingakho uzoqashwa ngemuva komjovo ngamunye. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uqeqeshwe ukubona nokwelapha lezi zindlela ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zokujovwa komzimba?

Ukukwazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa ngokushesha uma kuvela izinkinga. Izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngocingo olulula, kodwa ezinye izimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uba nezimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokushiya umtholampilo, njengokuluma okusabalalele, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuzizwa udidekile. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukusabela okubambezelekile okudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma isiyezi
• Izinduna ezisabalalele noma ukuvuvukala
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma amajaqamba esiswini esibi
• Umuzwa wokufa okuzayo noma ukukhathazeka okukhulu

Ngezinkinga ezingaphuthumi kangako njengokuphendula okukhulu kunokujwayelekile noma imibuzo mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, ucingo oluya ehhovisi likadokotela wakho ngesikhathi samahora ebhizinisi luyafaneleka. Bangakunikeza isiqondiso futhi banqume ukuthi udinga ukubonwa yini.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokujovwa komzimba

Q.1 Ingabe ukujovwa komzimba kulungele isifuba somoya?

Yebo, ukujovwa komzimba kungasebenza kahle kakhulu ngesifuba somoya esibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba lapho isifuba sakho somoya sibangelwa izinto ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba njengempova, uthuli, noma izinwele zezilwane. Lezi zibhamu zisiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni wakho, okunganciphisa izimpawu zesifuba somoya kanye nesidingo sakho semithi yokutakulwa.

Kodwa-ke, isifuba sakho somoya kumele silawulwe kahle ngaphambi kokuqala ukujova. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphefumula kwakho kuzinzile futhi awuhlangabezani nokuhlaselwa njalo. Lesi silinganiso sokuphepha sikuvikela ekuphenduleni okungase kube kubi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Q.2 Ingabe ukujovwa komzimba kubangela ukukhuluphala?

Cha, imijovo ye-allergy ngokwayo ayibangeli ukukhuluphala. Inani elincane le-allergens emijovweni alithinti imetabolism yakho noma isifiso sokudla. Uma uqaphela izinguquko zesilinganiso somzimba ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kungenzeka ukuthi zibangelwa ezinye izinto ezifana nemithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, noma izimo zempilo ezingaphansi.

Abanye abantu empeleni bakuthola kulula ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngemva kokuqala imijovo ye-allergy ngoba bangasebenza ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuhlushwa yizimpawu ezinzima ze-allergy. Ikhwalithi yokulala ethuthukisiwe evela ekunciphiseni ukuminyana ebusuku kungase futhi kube nomthelela empilweni engcono iyonke.

Umbuzo 3. Ngingayithola imijovo ye-allergy ngesikhathi ngikhulelwe?

Uma usuvele uthola imijovo ye-allergy lapho ukhulelwa, ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka nazo ngokuphepha. Udokotela wakho cishe uzogcina umthamo wakho wamanje kunokuthi awunyuse, njengoba ukukhulelwa akuyona isikhathi esifanele sokubeka isimiso sakho somzimba ekucindezelweni ngamazinga aphezulu e-allergen.

Ukuqala imijovo emisha ye-allergy ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa. Ingozi yokusabela ingase ithinte wena nomntwana wakho, ngakho odokotela abaningi bakhetha ukulinda kuze kube ngemva kokubeletha ukuze baqale ukwelashwa. Njalo xoxa ngesimo sakho esithile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Umbuzo 4. Ingabe imijovo ye-allergy ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa?

Izinzuzo zemijovo ye-allergy zingahlala iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Abantu abaningi bagcina ukuthuthuka okukhulu iminyaka engu-5-10 noma ngaphezulu, kanti abanye bathola izinzuzo zokuphila konke. Isikhathi esiqondile siyahluka kumuntu ngamunye ngokuya ngezinto ezifana ne-allergies yakho ethile nokuthi usabele kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni.

Abanye abantu bangase badinge inkambo yokuthuthukisa imijovo eminyakeni eminingi kamuva uma izimpawu zibuyela, kodwa abaningi bathola ukuthi ukubekezelelana kwabo okuthuthukisiwe kuhlala kuzinzile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungaba yinzuzo nini.

Umbuzo 5. Ingabe imijovo ye-allergy ihlanganiswa ngumshuwalense?

Iningi lezinhlelo zomshwalense wezempilo limboza imijovo yokungezwani komzimba uma kudingeka ngokwezokwelapha, kodwa imininingwane yokumbozwa iyahlukahluka ngohlelo. Le mijovo ngokuvamile imbozwe ngaphansi kwezinzuzo zakho zezokwelapha kunokumbozwa kwemithi kadokotela, njengoba inikezwa endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Umshwalense wakho ungase udinge imvume ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma imibhalo yokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azisebenzi. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho womshwalense kanye nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuze uqonde ukumbozwa kwakho okuthile kanye nanoma yiziphi izindleko eziphuma ephaketheni ongazilindela phakathi nenkambo yokwelashwa.