Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba Sokungezwani? Inhloso, Amazinga/Inqubo & Umphumela

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba kuyindlela elula, ephephile yokuthola ukuthi yini ebangela ukusabela kwakho okungajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho ubeka amanani amancane ezinto ezivamile ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba esikhumbeni sakho futhi ubuka ukusabela okubonakala njengamabhampa amancane noma ububomvu.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukukhomba ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibonwa uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela ezifana nezinsongo. Cabanga ngakho njengokudala imephu yomuntu siqu yokungezwani kwakho komzimba ukuze ukwazi ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba?

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba kuhilela ukubeka isikhumba sakho enanini elincane lezinto ezingase zibe yizimbangela zokungezwani komzimba ukuze kubonakale ukuthi yiziphi ezibangela ukusabela. Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-scratch test, lapho izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba zibekwa emihuzukweni emincane eyenziwe engalweni yakho noma emhlane wakho.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lusabela ezintweni ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ngokukhipha i-histamine namanye amakhemikhali. Lokhu kudala ukusabela okubonakalayo njengamabhampa aphakanyisiwe, ububomvu, noma ukuluma ezindaweni zokuhlolwa phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20.

Udokotela wakho angahlola izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ezingamashumi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuhlanganisa impova, uthuli, izinwele zezilwane, ukudla, kanye nesikhunta. Usayizi nokubukeka kokusabela ngakunye kusiza ukunquma ukuthi uzwela kangakanani ezintweni ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba?

Odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba uma unezimpawu ezisikisela ukusabela okungajwayelekile kodwa imbangela ayicacile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthimula okuqhubekayo, ikhala eligobayo, amehlo aluma, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma izinkinga zokuphefumula ezibonakala ziza futhi zihambe.

Ukwenziwa kwalesi sihlahlo kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokungezwani komzimba nezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Isibonelo, ikhala lakho eligobayo lingase libangelwe ukungezwani komzimba, umkhuhlane, noma izinto ezicasulayo njengentuthu kunokuba kube ukusabela okungajwayelekile kwangempela.

Ukwenza izivivinyo kubaluleke kakhulu uma ucabangela ukuthatha imijovo yokungezwani komzimba noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba okufanele ziqondiswe ukuze kutholakale uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenzayo kakhulu.

Abanye abantu nabo bayahlolwa ngemva kokuzwa ukusabela okukhulu ezintweni ezingaziwa. Ukuthola lezi zinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba kungasindisa impilo uma unezinto ezingezwani nazo ezingaba yingozi ezingabangela i-anaphylaxis.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba?

Uvivinyo oluvamile kakhulu lwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba yi-scratch test, ebizwa nangokuthi i-prick test. Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzohlanza ingalo yakho noma emhlane ngotshwala bese emaka izindawo ezincane lapho kuzobekwa khona into ngayinye ebangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho kokuhlolwa:

1. Amathonsi amancane ezixazululo ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba abekwa esikhumbeni sakho cishe ngamasentimitha amabili ukusuka komunye
2. I-lancet enezinto ezingcolile yenza imihuzuko emincane ngamunye wamathonsi ukuze uvumele into ebangela ukungezwani komzimba ukuthi ingene esikhumbeni sakho
3. Uzothola futhi nokulawula okuhle (i-histamine) okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kusabele kanye nokulawula okungalungile (i-saline) okungafanele
4. Ulinda imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20 ngenkathi isikhumba sakho siphendula ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba
5. Udokotela wakho ulinganisa futhi aqophe noma yikuphi ukusabela okwenzekayo

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-30 kuya kwengu-45 kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi imihuzuko izizwa njengokugwazwa okuncane futhi akubuhlungu ngempela.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-intradermal ngezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezingazange zisabele ekuhlolweni kwe-scratch. Lokhu kuhilela ukujova amanani amancane kakhulu ento ebangela ukungezwani komzimba ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho ngenaliti encane.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba?

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokulungiselela ukuyeka imithi ethile engaphazamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ama-antihistamines afana ne-Benadryl, Claritin, noma i-Zyrtec angavimbela ukusabela ekubonakaleni ngisho noma unezinto ezingezwani nazo.

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imithi okufanele uyeke nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukugwema ama-antihistamines izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-7 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho, kuye ngohlobo.

Kufanele uqhubeke nokuthatha eminye imithi yakho ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngenye indlela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-inhaler e-asthma, ama-spray emakhaleni, kanye nemithi kadokotela yezinye izimo.

Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele kalula ezingalweni zakho nasemhlane wakho. Ihembe elinemikhono emifushane noma okuthile ongakugoqa kalula kusebenza kahle ngoba izindawo zokuhlola zidinga ukuthi zihlale ziveziwe.

Yazisa udokotela wakho uma wake waba nokusabela okukhulu komzimba ngaphambili noma uma ukhulelwe. Lezi zinto zingase zithinte ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakho kwenziwa nini futhi kanjani.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba?

Imiphumela yakho isekelwe ngosayizi nokubukeka kokusabela endaweni ngayinye yokuhlola. Ukusabela okuhle ngokuvamile kuvela njengamaqhubu aphakanyisiwe, abomvu abizwa ngokuthi ama-wheals azungezwe izindawo ezibomvu.

Odokotela balinganisa ububanzi be-wheal ngayinye bese bebuqhathanisa nezilawuli ezinhle nezingezinhle. Ukusabela kuvame ukuthathwa njengokuhle uma i-wheal okungenani ingama-millimeter angu-3 ngaphezulu kwesilawuli esingesihle.

Usayizi wokuphendula kwakho uvame ukuhambisana nokuthi uzwela kangakanani kulowo allergen. Ukusabela okukhulu ngokuvamile kusho ukungezwani komzimba okuqinile, kodwa lokhu akulona njalo umhlahli ophelele wokuthi uzosabela kanjani empilweni yangempela.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukusabela ngakunye esimweni sakho esithile. Abanye abantu banokuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuhle kodwa abanazo izimpawu lapho bevezwa kulowo allergen empilweni yansuku zonke.

Ama-positives amanga angenzeka uma unesikhumba esizwelayo kakhulu noma uthatha imithi ethile. Ama-negatives amanga kungenzeka uma usebenzisa ama-antihistamines noma unezimo ezithile zesikhumba.

Ungazilawula kanjani izifo zakho zokungezwani komzimba ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Uma usuzazi ama-allergen akho athile, isinyathelo sokuqala ukufunda ukuthi ungawagwema kanjani empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi udale uhlelo olusebenzayo olusekelwe emiphumeleni yakho yokuhlolwa nendlela yakho yokuphila.

Ngezinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ezivela emvelweni njenge-pollen noma izinduna zothuli, kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze izinguquko ekhaya lakho. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya, ukuwasha imibhede ngamanzi ashisayo, noma ukuvala amafasitela ngezikhathi lapho i-pollen iningi.

Uma unokungezwani komzimba nokudla, kuzodingeka ukuthi ufunde amalebula ngokucophelela futhi ufunde ngemithombo efihliwe yezinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Udokotela wakho angase akuthumele kuso isazi sokudla esikhethekile ekungezwaneni komzimba nokudla.

Imithi ingasiza ukulawula izimpawu uma ungenakukwazi ukugwema ngokuphelele izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Izinketho zifaka ama-antihistamine, ama-corticosteroids emakhaleni, nama-bronchodilators ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho ezithile.

Abanye abantu bayazuza emithini yokungezwani komzimba, ebizwa nangokuthi i-immunotherapy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthola imijovo ejwayelekile yezinto ezincane ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba zakho ukuze kancane kancane wakhe ukubekezelelana kwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa ukungezwani komzimba?

Umlando wakho womndeni udlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ingozi yakho yokungezwani komzimba. Uma bobabili abazali benokungezwani komzimba, unamathuba angaba ngu-75% okuthi uzokuthuthukisa nabo.

Izici zemvelo ngesikhathi sobuntwana bokuqala nazo zingathonya ukuthuthukiswa kokungezwani komzimba. Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuchayeka kumagciwane athile nezinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ekuqaleni kwempilo kungase kuvikele ekungezwaneni komzimba kamuva.

Ukuphila ezindaweni ezihlanzekile kakhulu kungase kwandise ingozi yokungezwani komzimba ngokusho kwe-

Ziziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokungezwani komzimba okungelashwa?

Ukuvuvukala okungapheli okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba kungaholela ezimweni ezingathi sína ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma kungelashwa. Ukungezwani komzimba okungapheli emakhaleni kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwamathambo ekhala, ekuthelelekeni kwezindlebe, nasezinkingeni zokulala.

Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba singakhula kubantu abanezinto ezingezwani nazo emvelweni, ikakhulukazi uma ukuvezwa kulokho okubangela ukungezwani kuqhubeka. Lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa okujulile.

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinkinga ngezindlela ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína. Ukuthontsa okungapheli ngemuva kwekhala okuvela ekungezweni komzimba kungaholela ekukhwehleleni okuqhubekayo noma ekucasukeni komphimbo okuthinta impilo yansuku zonke.

Ukungezwani komzimba nokudla kungase kube kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabanye abantu. Okuthatha njengezimpawu ezithambile kungase kuqhubekele ekuqhubekeni kwezimpawu ezingathi sína ezihlanganisa i-anaphylaxis, eyingozi ekuphileni.

Ikhwalithi yempilo ivame ukuhlupheka lapho ukungezwani komzimba kungalawulwa kahle. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukukhathala, nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo kungathinta umsebenzi, isikole, nobudlelwano.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ukuze ngihlolwe ukungezwani komzimba?

Kufanele ucabangele ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo eziphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma ukulala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthimula okuqhubekayo, amakhala agobhozayo, amehlo aluma, noma izinkinga zesikhumba ezingathuthuki ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela.

Funani ukuhlolwa uma ngabe unenkinga yokudla, imithi, noma ukulunywa izinambuzane kodwa ungaqiniseki ukuthi yini eyayibangele. Ukuhlonza lezi zinto eziqalisayo kungavimbela ukusabela okungathi sína esikhathini esizayo.

Hlolisiswa ngokushesha uma ngabe uhlangabezane nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho noma umphimbo, noma ama-hives asabalale. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise i-anaphylaxis, edinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Cabangela ukuhlolwa uma imithi yakho yamanje yokungezwani komzimba ingasebenzi kahle noma ibangela imiphumela emibi. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze ancome ukwelashwa okuqondiwe.

Abantu abanomoya ophezulu kufanele bahlolwe ukungezwani komzimba ngoba ukuhlonza nokugwema izinto ezibangela ukuthi kungcono ukulawula umoya ophezulu. Ukuqubuka okuningi komoya ophezulu kubangelwa izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ezingatholakala ngokuhlolwa.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba kunembile ekungezweni kokudla?

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba ngokuvamile kunembile ekuhlonzeni ukungezwani kokudla, kodwa imiphumela idinga ukuhunyushwa ngokucophelela kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuhle kubonisa ukuthi uzwela ukudla, kodwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi uzoba nezimpawu uma ukudla.

Abanye abantu banokuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuhle kodwa bangakwazi ukudla ukudla ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Abanye bangase babe nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba okungalungile kodwa basazwa izimpawu zokungezwani kokudla ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphendula komzimba.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwegazi noma izinselelo zokudla ukuqinisekisa ukungezwani kokudla. Inhlanganisela yemiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nomlando wakho wezimpawu inikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile kakhulu.

Q.2 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba okungalungile kusho ukuthi anginawo ama-allergies?

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba okungalungile kusho ukuthi awungezwani nezinto ezithile ezahlolwayo, kodwa akukhiphi konke ukungezwani komzimba okungenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kufaka kuphela izinto ezivamile ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba endaweni yakho, hhayi zonke izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Ezinye izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba azibonakali ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba ngoba zihilela izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho wokuzivikela. Ukungezwani kokudla okungahambisani ne-IgE, isibonelo, kungase kungabangeli ukusabela okuhle kokuhlolwa kwesikhumba.

Uma uqhubeka nezimpawu naphezu kokuhlolwa kwesikhumba okungalungile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma acabangele ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho njengezinto ezicasulayo noma izifo.

Q.3 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba kungabangela ukusabela okukhulu?

Ukusabela okukhulu okuvela ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba akuvamile kakhulu ngoba inani lezinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ezisetshenziswayo zincane kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuqina okuncane noma ukungakhululeki ezindaweni zokuhlolwa.

Umphumela ovamile kakhulu ukuluma okwesikhashana nobubomvu obuvame ukunyamalala emahoreni ambalwa. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izinduna ezincane ezizungeze izindawo zokuhlola ezixazululwa zodwa.

Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa futhi unezidakamizwa ezitholakalayo zokwelapha noma yiziphi izindlela ezingalindelekile. Abantu abanomlando wokungezwani komzimba okukhulu baqashwa eduze ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Q.4 Ingabe imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba ingahlala isebenza iminyaka eminingi kubantu abadala abaningi, kodwa ukungezwani komzimba kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa ukungezwani komzimba okusha kanti abanye bangase bakukhule.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kabusha uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha kakhulu noma uma ukwelashwa kungasebenzi njengoba kulindelekile. Izingane zivame ukudinga ukuhlolwa kabusha kaningi njengoba amasistimu abo omzimba esathuthuka.

Ushintsho lwemvelo njengokuthuthela endaweni entsha enezinto ezihlukene ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba nazo zingase zidinge ukuhlolwa okuphindwayo. Ukuvezwa okusha kungaholela ekuzweleni okusha okwakungatholakali ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala.

Q.5 Ngingathola yini ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba uma ngine-eczema?

Ngokuvamile ungaqhubeka nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba sokungezwani komzimba uma une-eczema, kodwa isikhathi nendawo yokuhlolwa kungase kudingeke kulungiswe. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha izindawo zesikhumba ezingathinteki njengamanje yi-eczema flares.

I-eczema esebenzayo ingaphazamisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngokwenza isikhumba sakho sibe nokusabela okwengeziwe noma ngokwenza kube nzima ukubona ukusabela okucacile. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulinda kuze kube yilapho i-eczema yakho isilawulwa kangcono.

Abanye abantu abane-eczema enkulu bangase badinge ukuhlolwa kwegazi esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwesikhumba ukuze bakhombe izinto zabo ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunembile njengoba futhi akudingi ukubeka izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba ngqo esikhumbeni sakho.