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I-Amniocentesis iyisivivinyo sangaphambi kokuzalwa lapho udokotela wakho ethatha isampula elincane lamanzi e-amniotic aseduze nengane yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lolu ketshezi olucacile luzungeza futhi luvikele ingane yakho esibelethweni, futhi luqukethe amaseli athwala ulwazi lwemvelo lwengane yakho. Lolu vivinyo lusiza ukuthola izimo ezithile zemvelo kanye nokungajwayelekile kwama-chromosome, okunikeza wena nethimba lakho lezempilo ulwazi olubalulekile ngempilo yengane yakho.
I-Amniocentesis iyinqubo yokuxilonga ehlaziya uketshezi lwe-amniotic ukuhlola izifo zemvelo engane yakho esakhula. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, inaliti encane ifakwa ngokucophelela ngesisu sakho ingene esikhwameni se-amniotic ukuze kuqoqwe inani elincane loketshezi. Lolu ketshezi luqukethe amaseli engane yakho, angahlolwa ngezimo ezinjenge-Down syndrome, i-spina bifida, nokunye ukungajwayeleki kwemvelo.
Le nqubo ivamise ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 nama-20 okukhulelwa lapho kunamanzi e-amniotic anele ukuze aqoqwe ngokuphepha. Ngokungafani nezivivinyo zokuhlola ezilinganisa ubungozi, i-amniocentesis inikeza izimpendulo eziqinisekile mayelana nezimo ezithile zemvelo. Ithathwa njengenye yezivivinyo zokuxilonga zangaphambi kokuzalwa ezinembile kakhulu ezitholakalayo, ezinemiphumela engaphezu kuka-99% enembile ezimweni ezihlolwayo.
Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-amniocentesis uma unengozi eyengeziwe yokuba nengane enezimo zemvelo. Lolu vivinyo lunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile olungakusiza wena nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuthi nithathe izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhulelwa kwakho futhi nilungiselele ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho uma kudingeka.
Izinto eziningi zingase ziholele udokotela wakho ukuthi akuphakamisele lolu vivinyo. Ungase ube ngumuntu okufanele avivinywe uma uneminyaka engama-35 noma ngaphezulu, njengoba ingozi yokungahambi kahle kwama-chromosome ikhuphuka ngobudala bomama. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambilini okukhombisa ingozi ephezulu, umlando womndeni wezifo zofuzo, noma ukuba nokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini okuthintekile yizimo zofuzo nazo ziyizizathu ezivamile zokunconywa.
Lolu vivinyo lungathola izimo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukukhula kwengane yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifo zama-chromosome njenge-Down syndrome, i-Edwards syndrome, ne-Patau syndrome, kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube njenge-spina bifida. Kungase futhi kutholakale izifo ezithile zofuzo njenge-cystic fibrosis, isifo se-sickle cell, nesifo se-Tay-Sachs uma kukhona ingozi yomndeni eyaziwayo.
Inqubo ye-amniocentesis ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 futhi yenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma emtholampilo okhethekile. Uzoqala ngokulala etafuleni lokuhlolwa ngenkathi udokotela wakho esebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuqondisa yonke inqubo, eqinisekisa ukuphepha kwengane yakho kuyo yonke inqubo.
Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlanza isisu sakho ngesisombululo se-antiseptic futhi angase asebenzise i-anesthetic yendawo ukuze aqede indawo. Ngokuqondiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-ultrasound, bazofaka inaliti encane, engenalutho ngodonga lwakho lwesisu nangaphakathi esikhwameni se-amniotic. I-ultrasound isiza udokotela wakho ukuthi agweme ingane yakho kanye ne-placenta ngenkathi ethola iphakethe elingcono kakhulu le-amniotic fluid.
Lapho inaliti isibekwe kahle, udokotela wakho uzokhipha kancane cishe amathisipuni angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 we-amniotic fluid. Ungase uzwe ingcindezi ethile noma ukuqaqamba okuncane ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa ukungakhululeki kuvamile ukuthi kube mfushane. Ngemva kokukhipha inaliti, udokotela wakho uzohlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo yengane yakho futhi akuqaphe isikhashana ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi konke kubukeka kukuhle.
Uketshezi oluqoqweyo luthunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe behlola khona amaseli omntwana ukuze bathole ukungahambi kahle kwezakhi zofuzo. Imiphumela ngokuvamile iba khona phakathi kwamasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-2, nakuba ezinye izivivinyo zingathatha isikhathi eside kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izimo ezihlaziywayo.
Ukulungiselela i-amniocentesis kuhilela ukulungela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa ngokuvamile, ngeke kudingeke ukuthi uzile noma wenze izinguquko ezinkulu emsebenzini wakho ngaphambi kwenqubo. Nokho, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilula kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
Uzofuna ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile ezivumela ukufinyelela kalula esiswini sakho. Cabangela ukuletha umlingani osekelayo noma ilungu lomndeni nawe ukuze uthole ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nokusiza ngezokuthutha ngemva kwalokho. Abanye odokotela batusa ukuba nesinye esigcwele ukuze kubonakale kangcono i-ultrasound, kanti abanye bakhetha ukuthi singabi nalutho, ngakho landela imiyalelo yakho ethile.
Kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngale nqubo, futhi ukuxoxa ngezinkathazo zakho nethimba lakho lezempilo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungasiza ekudambiseni ukukhathazeka kwakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi kungani ukuhlolwa kunconywa nokuthi imiphumela ingasho ukuthini ngokuqala kwakho ukukhulelwa. Ukuba nale ngxoxo ngaphambi kosuku lwenqubo kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke futhi uqiniseka.
Hlela ukuthatha izinto kalula ngosuku olusele ngemva kwe-amniocentesis yakho. Ngenkathi ngokuvamile ungabuyela emisebenzini evamile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, ukugwema ukuphakamisa okunzima nokuzivocavoca okukhulu amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 kuvamile ukuthi kunconywe.
Imiphumela ye-Amniocentesis ngokuvamile iqondile - noma ijwayelekile noma ikhombisa ubufakazi besimo esithile sezakhi zofuzo. Udokotela wakho uzokushayela ucingo ngemiphumela futhi ahlele i-aphoyintimenti yokulandela ukuze nixoxe ngalokho okusho kuwe nomntwana wakho. Ukuqonda le miphumela kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhulelwa kwakho.
Imiphumela ejwayelekile isho ukuthi izimo zezakhi zofuzo ezihlolwe azitholakalanga emaseleni omntwana wakho. Lezi yizindaba eziqinisekisayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-amniocentesis ihlola kuphela izimo ezithile - ayiqinisekisi ukuthi umntwana wakho ngeke abe nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingahloliwe.
Uma kutholakala imiphumela engajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela kahle ukuthi yisiphi isimo esitholiwe nokuthi kusho ukuthini empilweni nasekukhuleni komntwana wakho. Ezinye izimo zingaba mnene ezinethonya elincane ezingeni lempilo, kanti ezinye zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlinzeka ngemininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nesimo esithile futhi likuxhumanise nabeluleki bezakhi zofuzo kanye nochwepheshe abangakusiza ukuthi uqonde izinketho zakho.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, imiphumela ingase ingaqinisekisi noma ikhombise okutholakele okungajwayelekile okudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini futhi ancome izinyathelo ezilandelayo, ezingase zihlanganise ukuphinda ukuhlolwa noma ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo.
Ngenkathi i-amniocentesis ivikelekile ngokuvamile, izici ezithile zingakhuphula kancane ingozi yakho yezinkinga. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuthi ngabe lolu vivinyo lulungile yini esimweni sakho.
Abesifazane abaningi abenza i-amniocentesis ababi nazinkinga, kodwa ezinye izinto zingase zikhuphule kancane ingozi yakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nokutheleleka okusebenzayo, izifo zokuphuma igazi, noma izinkinga ezithile zokukhulelwa njenge-placenta previa. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho ngasinye ngaphambi kokuncoma le nqubo.
Ukukhulelwa okuningi (amawele, amathathu) kungenza le nqubo ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ikhuphule kancane izingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezinkinga ezithile zesibeletho noma izicubu ezinamanxeba ezivela ekuhlinzweni kwangaphambilini, udokotela wakho angase adinge ukuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe noma acabange ukuthi ngabe lolu vivinyo luyalulekwa yini.
Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezici zakho eziyingozi futhi achaze ukuthi zingayithinta kanjani inqubo yakho. Ezimweni eziningi, izinzuzo zokuthola ulwazi olubalulekile lofuzo zidlula izingozi ezincane, kodwa lesi sinqumo sihlala siqondaniswa ngokuya ngezimo zakho eziyingqayizivele.
Izinkinga ezingathi sína ezivela ku-amniocentesis azivamile, zenzeka ngaphansi kwe-1 kwezinqubo ezingama-300 kuya kuma-500. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingenzeka ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi futhi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke ngemva kwalokho.
Imiphumela esheshayo evame kakhulu yizinhlungu ezincane nokuchitheka, okuvame ukuxazululwa ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Abanye besifazane bazwa ukungakhululeki okwesikhashana endaweni yokufaka inaliti, okufana nangemva kokuthola umjovo. Le miphumela emincane ijwayelekile futhi ayibonisi noma yiziphi izinkinga ngomntwana wakho noma ukukhulelwa.
Izinkinga ezingathi sína kodwa ezingavamile zingabandakanya ukutheleleka, ukuphuma igazi, noma ukuvuza kwamanzi e-amniotic. Izimpawu okufanele ziqashelwe zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, izinhlungu ezinzima, ukuphuma igazi okuningi, noma ukuvuza koketshezi esithweni sakho sangasese. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo ingase ibangele ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukulahlekelwa ukukhulelwa, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwe-1 kwezinqubo ezingama-400.
Kukhona futhi ithuba elincane lokuthi inaliti ingase ithinte okwesikhashana ingane yakho ngesikhathi senqubo. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhathaza, ukulimala okukhulu enganeni akuvamile kakhulu ngoba inqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-ultrasound, futhi izingane ngokuvamile zihamba zisuke enalitini ngokwemvelo.
Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kwe-amniocentesis. Nakuba abesifazane abaningi belulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma kudingeka.
Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uba nomkhuhlane, ama-chills, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka. Ukuphuma kwegazi okuningi okumanzisa ngaphezu kwephedi ngehora, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukuqaqamba, noma uketshezi oluphuma esithweni sakho sangasese nakho kuyizizathu zokufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uqaphela ukwehla kokunyakaza kwengane noma unanoma yiziphi izinkathazo mayelana nenhlalakahle yengane yakho ngemva kwenqubo, unganqikazi ukuthinta ithimba lakho lezempilo. Bangathanda ukukuhlola futhi bathole ukuthi konke kulungile kunokuthi baphuthelwe okuthile okubalulekile.
Odokotela abaningi bazohlela i-aphoyintimenti yokulandela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini ngemva kwenqubo ukuze bahlole ukululama kwakho futhi baxoxe ngemiphumela yokuqala uma itholakala. Gcina le aphoyintimenti ngisho noma uzizwa ulungile, njengoba kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwakho.
Yebo, i-amniocentesis ilungile ekutholeni i-Down syndrome, enezinga lokunemba elingaphezu kuka-99%. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kokuhlola okulinganisa kuphela ingozi, i-amniocentesis inikeza ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile ngokuhlola ama-chromosome engane yakho angempela emanzini e-amniotic.
Lolu vivinyo lungathola i-Down syndrome (trisomy 21) kanye nezinye izimo ze-chromosomal ezifana ne-Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) kanye ne-Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). Uma uke waba nokuhlolwa okubonisa ingozi eyengeziwe ye-Down syndrome, i-amniocentesis ingakunika impendulo ecacile mayelana nokuthi ingabe ingane yakho iyathinteka.
Ubudala obuthuthukile bomama (35 nangaphezulu) buyakhuphula amathuba okuthi udokotela wakho azoncoma i-amniocentesis, kodwa iminyaka yodwa ayinqumi ukuthi uyaludinga yini lolu vivinyo. Ingozi yokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal iyanda ngeminyaka yomama, ikhuphuka cishe ku-1 kwabangu-1,250 eneminyaka engama-25 kuya ku-1 kwabangu-100 eneminyaka engama-40.
Nokho, isinqumo sokwenza i-amniocentesis kufanele sisekelwe ezimweni zakho ngazinye, okuhlanganisa imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa, umlando womndeni, nezintandokazi zakho. Abesifazane abaningi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-35 bakhetha ukuba nokuhlolwa kwesikhashana sokuqala noma kwesibili, bese benquma nge-amniocentesis ngokuya ngaleyo miphumela.
Cha, i-amniocentesis ayikwazi ukuthola zonke izifo zofuzo, kodwa ingathola eziningi ezibalulekile. Lolu vivinyo lusebenza kahle ikakhulukazi ekutholeni ukungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal kanye nezimo ezithile zofuzo udokotela wakho azihlolayo ngokusekelwe emlandweni wakho womndeni noma imvelaphi yobuhlanga.
I-amniocentesis ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ihlola izimo ezivamile ze-chromosomal njenge-Down syndrome, i-Edwards syndrome, ne-Patau syndrome, kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube okufana ne-spina bifida. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kofuzo kungenziwa esampulini efanayo uma unezici eziyingozi zezifo ezithile ezizuzwe njenge-cystic fibrosis noma isifo se-sickle cell.
Abesifazane abaningi bachaza i-amniocentesis njengento engakhululeki kunokuba ibe buhlungu. Ungase uzwe ukucindezela lapho kufakwa inaliti kanye nokugcwala lapho kukhishwa uketshezi, okufana nokugcwala kwesikhathi. Ukungakhululeki kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela ngesikhathi senqubo yangempela.
Udokotela wakho angase anikeze i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze numba isikhumba endaweni yokufaka, okunganciphisa ukungakhululeki. Abesifazane abaningi bathola ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubi kakhulu kunenqubo yangempela. Ukuphefumula kancane, okujulile nokuba nomuntu okusekelayo nawe kungakusiza ukuba uzizwe ukhululekile.
Imiphumela eminingi ye-amniocentesis itholakala phakathi kwamasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngemva kwenqubo. Isikhathi sincike ekutheni yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo kanye nelabhorethri ethile ecubungula isampula lakho. Ezinye izifundo eziyisisekelo ze-chromosomal zingase zilungiswe ngokushesha, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi kungathatha isikhathi eside.
Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzokushayela ucingo ngemiphumela kunokulinda ukuqokwa okuhleliwe, ikakhulukazi uma kutholakala noma yiziphi izinto ezingavamile. Bese bezohlela ukuvakashelwa okulandelayo ukuze baxoxe ngemiphumela ngokuningiliziwe futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nokuthi asho ukuthini ngokuqala kwakho ukukhulelwa.