Liyini i-ANA Test? Inhloso, Amazinga, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-ANA test ihlola ama-antibody e-antinuclear egazini lakho. Lawa amaprotheni uhlelo lwakho lomzimba oluwakhiqizayo lapho ngokungaqondile luhlasela amaseli akho omzimba anempilo. Lolu vivinyo lwegazi lusiza odokotela ukuthi bathole izimo ze-autoimmune lapho uhlelo lwakho lokuzivikela lomzimba ludideka bese luqala ukuzilwela kunokuba nje amagciwane nezifo.

Liyini i-ANA Test?

I-ANA imele ama-antibody e-antinuclear, okuyiwona amaprotheni athile atholakala egazini lakho. Uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lukhiqiza lawa ma-antibody lapho luqondisa inhloso ku-nucleus (isikhungo sokulawula) samaseli akho ngokwenza iphutha. Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho oluthola izintambo zalo eziqondiswe ngendlela engafanele futhi luphathe amaseli akho njengabahlaseli.

Lolu vivinyo lulinganisa ukuthi mangaki kula ma-antibody azulazulayo emgudwini wakho wegazi. Lapho odokotela bethola amazinga aphezulu, ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi isimo se-autoimmune singase sithuthuke noma sesivele sikhona. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu abanempilo bangaba namazinga aphansi ala ma-antibody ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo.

Leli thuluzi lokuhlola linenzuzo enkulu ngoba lingathola umsebenzi we-autoimmune ngaphambi kokuthi uhlangabezane nezimpawu ezinzima. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kukunika wena nodokotela wakho isikhathi esiningi sokuphatha noma yiziphi izimo ezingaphansi ngempumelelo.

Kungani kwenziwa i-ANA Test?

Udokotela wakho u-oda lolu vivinyo uma ubonisa izimpawu ezingase zikhombe esifweni se-autoimmune. Izizathu ezivamile zihlanganisa ubuhlungu obungachazeki emalungeni, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungenayo imbangela ecacile.

Lolu vivinyo lusiza ukuxilonga izimo eziningana ze-autoimmune, i-lupus iyona evame kakhulu. Ingathola futhi ezinye izimo ezinjenge-Sjögren's syndrome, i-scleroderma, nezinhlobo ezithile ze-arthritis. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bayayisebenzisa ukuqapha izimo ze-autoimmune ezikhona noma ukuhlola ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angase futhi ancome lolu vivinyo uma unamalungu omndeni anezifo ezizimele. Nakuba lezi zimo zingadluliselwa ngokuqondile, ukuba nezihlobo ezinemithetho yokuzivikela emzimbeni kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuzithuthukisa nazo.

Yini inqubo ye-ANA Test?

I-ANA test iyindlela elula yokudonsa igazi ethatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Uchwepheshe wezempilo uzohlanza indawo encane engalweni yakho bese efaka inaliti encane emthanjeni, ngokuvamile endaweni yesikhuphu sakho. Ungase uzwe ukuchofoza okusheshayo, kodwa abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukukubekezelela.

Isampula legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe belihlola ngaphansi kwemicroscopes ekhethekile. Bafuna amaphethini athile ama-antibody futhi balinganise ukuthi agxile kangakanani egazini lakho. Inqubo yonke kusukela ekudonseni igazi kuya emiphumeleni ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini.

Akukho okokusebenza okukhethekile noma izinqubo ezinde ezidingekayo ngakho. Ungakwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile ngokushesha ngemva kokudonswa kwegazi, nakuba ungase ube nomvubo omncane endaweni yenaliti ekhanya ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-ANA Test yakho?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kudinga ukulungiselela okuncane kakhulu kuwe. Awudingi ukuzila ukudla noma ukugwema ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngakho ungagcina isimiso sakho sokudla esivamile. Imithi eminingi ngeke iphazamise imiphumela futhi, ngakho qhubeka nokuthatha imithi yakho njengenjwayelo.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo. Ezinye izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotics athile, imithi yokulwa nokuthuthumela, kanye nemithi yegazi, ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta amazinga e-ANA. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukulungiswa okudingekayo.

Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezinemikhono engagqitshwa kalula ezingalweni zakho. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokukhipha igazi ibe bushelelezi futhi ikhululeke kuwo wonke umuntu ohilelekile. Zama ukuhlala unamanzi ngokuphuza amanzi njengenjwayelo, ngoba lokhu kungenza imithambo yakho ibonakale kalula.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA iza ngezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-titer (izinga lokugxilisa) kanye nephethini. I-titer ikutshela ukuthi igazi lakho lingancishiswa kangakanani ngenkathi lisabonisa imiphumela emihle. Amazinga ajwayelekile e-titer afaka phakathi 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, nezinombolo eziphakeme njengo-1:320 noma 1:640.

I-titer engu-1:80 noma ngaphansi ngokuvamile ithathwa njengokujwayelekile kubantu abaningi. Amazinga angu-1:160 noma ngaphezulu avame ukusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka kukhona okwenzeka emzimbeni wakho okuhlobene nokuzivikela komzimba. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanempilo bangaba nama-titer aphezulu ngaphandle kwesifo, ikakhulukazi abadala.

Iphethini ichaza ukuthi ama-antibody abonakala kanjani ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Amaphethini ahlukene angakhomba ezimweni ezihlukene. Isibonelo, iphethini ye-homogeneous ivame ukuhlobana ne-lupus, ngenkathi iphethini ye-centromere ingase isikisele i-scleroderma. Udokotela wakho uzoqonda kokubili i-titer nephathini ndawonye nezimpawu zakho.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA okuhle akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amazinga akho e-ANA?

Awukwazi ngokuqondile "ukulungisa" noma ukwehlisa amazinga e-ANA ngokudla noma izinguquko zokuphila kuphela. Lawa ma-antibody abonisa umsebenzi wesistimu yakho yokuzivikela, olawulwa kakhulu yi-genetics yakho nezimo zempilo ezingaphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha noma yisiphi isimo sokuzivikela komzimba onaso kungasiza ukuzinzisa lawa mazinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokucophelela yindlela esebenza kahle kakhulu. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthatha imithi enqunyiwe, ukuya emihlanganweni yokuhlolwa njalo, nokuqapha izimpawu zakho. Ukwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ukuthulisa amasosha akho omzimba futhi kungenzeka kunciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-ANA.

Ukuphila impilo enempilo kungasekela ukusebenza kwakho konke kwamasosha omzimba, yize ngeke kushintshe ngokuqondile amazinga akho e-ANA. Ukuthola ukulala okwanele, ukuphatha ingcindezi, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, nokuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba konke kunomthelela ekulinganiseni okungcono kwamasosha omzimba.

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukugwema izinto ezaziwayo ezibangela izimpawu zabo zokuzivikela komzimba kuyasiza. Izinto ezivamile ezibangela lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ingcindezi engapheli, izifo ezithile, ukuchayeka elangeni ngokweqile, nokudla okuthile okubonakala kubhebhethekisa isimo sabo.

Liyini izinga elingcono kakhulu le-ANA?

Izinga elingcono kakhulu le-ANA ngokuvamile alikho noma liphansi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba awenzi ama-antibody amaningi ngokumelene namaseli akho. Kubantu abaningi abanempilo, i-ANA titer engu-1:40 noma 1:80 ithathwa njengokujwayelekile futhi ayibangeli ukukhathazeka ngesifo sokuzivikela komzimba.

Nokho, okujwayelekile kungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalebhu ahlukene nezindlela zokuhlola. Ezinye izindawo zithatha ama-titer afika ku-1:160 njengajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abangase bazithuthukise ngokwemvelo amazinga aphansi ala ma-antibody ngaphandle kokuba nesifo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nokuhlolwa kwe-ANA okungenamiphumela akukuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke uze ube nesimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Abanye abantu abanezifo zokuzivikela komzimba bangaba namazinga e-ANA angalungile noma aphansi, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zesimo sabo.

Udokotela wakho uzohlala ehumusha imiphumela yakho ye-ANA kanye nezimpawu zakho neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Umphumela

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba namazinga e-ANA aphakeme. Ukuba ngowesifazane kungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, njengoba abesifazane bethuthukisa izimo ze-autoimmune cishe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye ngaphezu kwamadoda. Lomehluko kungenzeka uhlobene nethonya lama-hormone ohlelweni lomzimba lokuzivikela.

Ubudala nabo bunendima, nezimo eziningi ze-autoimmune ezivela phakathi neminyaka yokuzala (iminyaka yama-20 kuya kuma-40). Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bathuthukisa amazinga aphezulu e-ANA njengoba bekhula, ngisho nangaphandle kwesifo esisobala se-autoimmune. Umlando womndeni nawo ubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba izici zofuzo zingakwenza ukuthi ube nezimo ze-autoimmune.

Ezinye izinto zemvelo zingase zibangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-ANA kubantu abasengozini. Lezi zimbangela zingabandakanya izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukuchayeka elangeni, nemithi ethile. Ukubhema nako kuye kwaxhunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu ezinye izimo ze-autoimmune.

Ezinye izinhlanga zinezilinganiso eziphakeme zezifo ezithile ze-autoimmune. Isibonelo, i-lupus ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika-American, Hispanic, nase-Asia uma kuqhathaniswa nama-Caucasian. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imvelaphi yofuzo ithonya ingozi ye-autoimmune.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba namazinga aphezulu noma aphansi e-ANA?

Kungcono ngokuqinisekile ukuba namazinga aphansi noma anegative e-ANA. Amazinga aphansi asikisela ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lusebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi aluhlaseli izicubu zomzimba wakho ezinempilo. Lokhu kubonisa ingozi ephansi yokuthuthukisa izinkinga ze-autoimmune.

Amazinga aphezulu e-ANA avame ukubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela lusebenza ngokweqile futhi lungase lubangele ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho. Noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu okwamanje, amazinga aphakeme angabonisa ukuthi inqubo ye-autoimmune iyaqala noma isivele iqhubeka.

Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-ANA awasho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unayo noma uzoba nesifo esibucayi sokuzivikela komzimba. Abanye abantu bagcina amazinga aphakeme iminyaka ngaphandle kokuthola izinkinga zempilo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho nezimpawu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uqonde ukuthi amazinga akho athile e-ANA asho ukuthini ngesimo sakho somuntu ngamunye. Bangakusiza ukuthi uhumushe imiphumela ngokuya ngempilo yakho yonke nomlando womndeni.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zamazinga aphansi e-ANA?

Ukuba namazinga aphansi noma angalungile e-ANA ngokuvamile kuyizindaba ezinhle kakhulu futhi akubangeli izinkinga. Eqinisweni, amazinga aphansi abonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba asebenza kahle futhi awuhlaseli umzimba wakho. Abantu abaningi abanempilo banamazinga aphansi e-ANA phakathi nempilo yabo yonke ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ngamazinga aphansi e-ANA kwenzeka lapho othile enezimpawu ezisikisela isifo sokuzivikela komzimba kodwa ehlolwa engalungile. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi

Amazinga aphezulu e-ANA angabonisa izimo eziningi ze-autoimmune ezingase zithinte izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho. I-Lupus iyisimo esivamile esihlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu e-ANA, futhi ingathinta isikhumba sakho, amalunga, izinso, inhliziyo, kanye nobuchopho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma ingalawulwa kahle.

Ezinye izimo ze-autoimmune ezixhunywe ku-ANA ephakeme zihlanganisa i-Sjögren's syndrome, ethinta ikakhulukazi izindlala zakho zokukhiqiza izinyembezi kanye namathe, okubangela amehlo omile nomlomo. I-Scleroderma ingabangela ukujiya kwesikhumba futhi ingathinta izitho zangaphakathi njengamaphaphu akho nezinso.

Abanye abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-ANA bathuthukisa isifo esixubile sezicubu ezixhumene, esihlanganisa izici zezimo eziningi ze-autoimmune. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu emalungeni, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, nezinkinga ngokujikeleza kwegazi emunweni wakho nasezinzwaneni.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-ANA akuqinisekisi ukuthi uzothuthukisa lezi zinkinga. Abantu abaningi abanamazinga aphakeme abanazo izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ukuqapha njalo kanye nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela noma kunciphise izinkinga eziningi uma zenzeka.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ukuze ngihlolwe i-ANA?

Kufanele ubone udokotela ukuze uhlolwe i-ANA uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingachazeki ezingase zikhombe isimo se-autoimmune. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emalungeni noma ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emalungeni amaningi, ukukhathala okungavamile okungathuthuki ngokuphumula, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okuvela ngaphandle kwembangela ecacile.

Ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha, umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutheleleka, ukulahlekelwa izinwele ezinamabala, noma izilonda zomlomo eziqhubeka zibuya. Uma unomlando womndeni wezifo ze-autoimmune futhi uthuthukisa noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanelekile ukuxoxa ngokuhlolwa kwe-ANA nodokotela wakho.

Ungalindi ukufuna ukwelashwa uma uba nezimpawu ezinzima njengokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala okukhulu emilenzeni yakho noma ebusweni, noma izinguquko ezingazelelwe embonweni wakho. Lokhu kungabonisa izinkinga ezinkulu ze-autoimmune ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Uma usuvele unomphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa kwe-ANA, qhubeka nokuqokwa okuvamile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakwazi ukuqapha isimo sakho futhi balungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka ukuze uzizwe ungcono.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-ANA

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kulungile ekuxilongweni kwe-lupus?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga i-lupus, kodwa akuyona yona kuphela ukuhlolwa okudingekayo. Cishe ama-95% abantu abane-lupus banemiphumela emihle ye-ANA, okwenza kube yithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanokuhlolwa kwe-ANA okuhle abanayo i-lupus.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa okuthile, izimpawu zakho, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa komzimba ukuxilonga i-lupus. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nama-anti-dsDNA noma ama-anti-Smith antibodies kunembile kakhulu ku-lupus futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe izinga eliphezulu le-ANA libangela ukukhathala?

Amazinga aphezulu e-ANA ngokwawo awabangeli ngqo ukukhathala. Kodwa-ke, izimo ze-autoimmune eziyisisekelo ezibangela amazinga aphezulu e-ANA ngokuvamile zibangela ukukhathala okuqhubekayo nokukhathala. Lokhu kukhathala ngokuvamile kuzizwa kuhluke ekukhathaleni okuvamile futhi akuthuthuki kakhulu ngokuphumula.

Uma unamazinga aphezulu e-ANA futhi uhlangabezana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukukhomba nokwelapha noma yisiphi isimo se-autoimmune esingaphansi. Ukwelashwa okufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga akho wamandla kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yakho yonke.

Umbuzo 3. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Ukucindezeleka ngokwako ngokuvamile akubangeli imiphumela engamanga ye-ANA, kodwa kungase kuqale umsebenzi we-autoimmune kubantu asebevele bethambekele kulezi zimo. Ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo kungase kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ze-autoimmune ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nokho, ukucindezeleka okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuthinte kakhulu imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kuthinta ukuhlolwa kwakho, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, kodwa ungalibazisi ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ngenxa yokukhathazeka okuhlobene nokucindezeleka.

Q.4 Ingabe amazinga e-ANA aphakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Ukukhulelwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta amazinga e-ANA, futhi abanye besifazane bangase bathuthukise imiphumela emihle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ebuyela kokujwayelekile ngemva kwalokho. Nokho, lokhu akujwayelekile, futhi abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe bagcina amazinga e-ANA ajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo.

Uma unesimo se-autoimmune esaziwayo, ukukhulelwa kudinga ukuqapha okukhethekile ngoba ezinye izimo zingase zivuthe ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza eduze nawe ukuze alawule isimo sakho se-autoimmune nokukhulelwa kwakho ngokuphepha.

Q.5 Ingabe imithi ingabangela imiphumela emihle ye-ANA?

Yebo, imithi ethile ingabangela imiphumela emihle ye-ANA kwabanye abantu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics athile, imithi elwa nokuthuthumela, imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, kanye nemithi yokulawula isigqi senhliziyo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-drug-induced lupus futhi ngokuvamile siyaxazululwa lapho imithi iyekiswa.

Njalo tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-ANA. Uma imithi isoliswa njengembangela, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuyeka umuthi (uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo) futhi aphinde ahlolisise amazinga akho e-ANA ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.