Yini i-Ankle-Brachial Index? Inhloso, Amazinga/Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-ankle-brachial index (ABI) iyisivivinyo esilula, esingezweli ubuhlungu esiqhathanisa umfutho wegazi emlenzeni wakho nomfutho wegazi engalweni yakho. Lokhu kulinganisa okusheshayo kusiza odokotela ukuthola isifo semithambo esingaphandle (PAD), isimo lapho imithambo enciphile inciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho nasezinyaweni.

Kucabange njengokuhlolwa kwempilo kokujikeleza kwegazi lakho. Lapho igazi ligeleza ngokukhululeka emithanjeni enempilo, ukufundwa komfutho phakathi komlenze nengalo yakho kufanele kufane. Uma kunomehluko omkhulu, kungase kubonise ukuthi imithambo yomlenze wakho ayitholi ukugeleza kwegazi abakudingayo.

Yini i-ankle-brachial index?

I-ankle-brachial index isilinganiso esiqhathanisa umfutho wegazi emlenzeni wakho nomfutho wegazi engalweni yakho. Udokotela wakho ukubala lokhu ngokuhlukanisa umfutho womlenze wakho ngomfutho wengalo yakho, ekunikeza inombolo ekhombisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kangakanani ezingxenyeni eziphansi zomzimba wakho.

Ukufundwa okujwayelekile kwe-ABI kuvame ukuwa phakathi kuka-0.9 no-1.3. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umfutho wegazi emlenzeni wakho cishe ungu-90% kuya ku-130% womfutho osemgqeni wakho. Lapho lesi silinganiso sehla ngaphansi kuka-0.9, kuphakamisa ukuthi imithambo yomlenze wakho ingase inciphe noma ivaleke, okungase kubonise isifo semithambo esingaphandle.

Uvivinyo luqondile ngendlela emangalisayo futhi lithatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukuqedela. Ngeke udinge noma yikuphi ukulungiselela okukhethekile, futhi akukho ukungakhululeki okuhilelekile. Ingenye yezindlela zokuhlola ezithembeke kakhulu odokotela abanazo zokubamba izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi ekuqaleni.

Kungani kwenziwa i-ankle-brachial index?

Odokotela basebenzisa i-ankle-brachial index ikakhulukazi ukuhlola isifo semithambo esingaphandle, isimo esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. I-PAD yenzeka lapho amafutha eqongelela emithanjeni yomlenze wakho, enciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezinyaweni zakho nemilenze.

Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ngoba i-PAD ivame ukuthuthuka buthule ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala. Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi banezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi kuze kube yilapho lesi simo sesithuthuke kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ABI kungabamba lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.

Udkt wakho angase ancome lolu vivinyo uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo semithambo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, umlando wokubhema, noma ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala. Lolu vivinyo futhi lusiza uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu emlenzeni lapho uhamba, amanxeba aphola kancane ezinyaweni zakho, noma ukuqina emilenzeni yakho engezansi.

Ngaphandle kokuhlola, i-ABI isiza odokotela ukuqapha isifo semithambo esikhona futhi bahlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Futhi kuyigugu ekuhloleni ingozi yakho yonke yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ngoba i-PAD ivame ukukhombisa izinkinga ezifanayo emithanjeni ehlukene emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Yini inqubo ye-ankle-brachial index?

Inqubo ye-ankle-brachial index ilula ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-10 kuya kwengu-15 ukuqedela. Uzoqamba amanga ngokunethezeka etafuleni lokuhlolwa ngenkathi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo elinganisa umfutho wegazi ezingalweni zakho nasezindaweni zakho zamaqakala esebenzisa i-cuff yomfutho wegazi ejwayelekile kanye nedivayisi ekhethekile ye-ultrasound ebizwa nge-Doppler.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho:

1. Uzokhipha izicathulo zakho namasokisi bese ulala ngomhlane wakho
2. Umhlinzeki wakho ubeka ama-cuffs omfutho wegazi ezingalweni zombili nasezindaweni zombili zamaqakala
3. Bafaka i-gel ye-ultrasound esikhumbeni sakho lapho bezohlola khona ukushaya kwenhliziyo
4. Besebenzisa idivayisi ye-Doppler, bathola ukushaya kwenhliziyo engalweni yakho bese bekhukhumeza i-cuff
5. Banciphisa kancane umfutho ngenkathi belalele ukuthi ukuhamba kwegazi kubuya nini
6. Inqubo efanayo iphindwa eqakaleni ngalinye, ihlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo ezinyaweni zakho
7. Umhlinzeki wakho ubala isilinganiso ngokuhlukanisa umfutho weqakala ngomfutho wengalo

Idivayisi ye-Doppler ikhulisa umsindo wegazi eligeleza ngemithambo yakho, okwenza kube lula ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho athole ngisho nokushaya okubuthakathaka. Ungase uzwe imisindo yokuhhewula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kungumsindo wokugeleza kwegazi lakho okukhuliswayo.

Inqubo ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele. Uzozwa umuzwa ojwayelekile we-cuff yomfutho wegazi ekhukhumeza futhi yehle, kodwa akukho okunye okungakhululeki ngaphezu kokuhlolwa komfutho wegazi okujwayelekile. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuyaphumuza kakhulu.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-ankle-brachial index yakho?

Into emangalisayo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index ukuthi akudingi ukulungiselela okuningi ngakho. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile, uthathe imithi yakho ejwayelekile, futhi uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphambi kokuqokwa.

Kunezinto ezimbalwa nje ezilula okufanele uzikhumbule ukuze ukuhlolwa kwakho kuhambe kahle:

• Gqoka izingubo ezixekile, ezikhululekile ezivumela ukufinyelela kalula ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho
• Gwema amasokisi aqinile noma amasokisi angashiya amamaki emaqakaleni akho
• Zama ukuphumula okungenani imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze uqinisekise ukufundwa okunembile
• Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi ama-blood thinners
• Khuluma uma unezimo zesikhumba noma ukulimala ezingalweni noma emilenzeni yakho

Uma ungumuntu ogwayizayo, zama ukugwema ukubhema okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho, njengoba i-nicotine ingathinta okwesikhashana ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho. Ngokufanayo, uma usanda kuzivocavoca ngamandla, yazisa umhlinzeki wakho ukuze bakwazi ukunika isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi lakho kubuyele esimweni sokuphumula.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungakhathazeki ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa ngaphambili. I-ABI iyithuluzi lokuhlola, futhi uma kutholakala noma yiziphi izinkinga, ithimba lakho lezempilo lizosebenza nawe ukuzixazulula. Khumbula, ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi kukunika ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Ungayifunda kanjani i-ankle-brachial index yakho?

Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho ye-ankle-brachial index kulula uma usazi ukuthi izinombolo zisho ukuthini. Umphumela wakho uzovezwa njengenombolo yedesimali, ngokuvamile esukela ku-0.4 kuya ku-1.4, okumele isilinganiso phakathi kwengcindezi yegazi lakho leqakala nengalo.

Nakhu ukuthi ungawahumusha kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-ABI:

• 1.0 kuya ku-1.3: Ukujikeleza okujwayelekile nokugeleza kwegazi okunempilo emilenzeni yakho
• 0.9 kuya ku-0.99: Emngceleni, okusikisela ukuncipha okuncane okudinga ukuqashwa
• 0.8 kuya ku-0.89: Isifo semithambo esincane esinokuthuthukiswa kokujikeleza
• 0.5 kuya ku-0.79: I-PAD emaphakathi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezinguquko zokuphila
• Ngezansi kuka-0.5: I-PAD ebucayi edinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha
• Ngaphezu kuka-1.3: Kungase kubonise imithambo eqinile, evame ukubonakala esifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso

I-ABI ejwayelekile akusho ngempela ukuthi imithambo yakho iphelele, kodwa ikhombisa ukuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho kwanele. Uma ukufunda kwakho kungokomngcele noma kungajwayelekile, ungesabi. Abantu abaningi abane-PAD emnene baphila impilo ejwayelekile, esebenzayo ngokuphathwa okufanele.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela imiphumela yakho ye-ABI kanye nezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nezici eziyingozi ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhluka okuncane ekufundeni kungenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokushisa kwegumbi noma umsebenzi womzimba wakamuva, ngakho-ke umhlinzeki wakho angase ancome ukuphinda ukuhlolwa ukuze aqinisekise imiphumela.

Ungayilungisa kanjani i-ankle-brachial index yakho?

Ukwenza ngcono i-ankle-brachial index yakho kugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho nokuvimbela ukuncipha kwemithambo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bangathuthukisa kakhulu ukujikeleza kwabo ngezinguquko zokuphila, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Izinguquko zokuphila zakha isisekelo sokuthuthukisa i-ABI yakho kanye nempilo yonke yemithambo:

• Zivocise njalo: Izinhlelo zokuhamba ngokukhethekile zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi okungeziwe emithanjeni evaliwe
• Yeka ukubhema: Ukuyeka ukubhema yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi
• Phatha isifo sikashukela: Gcina amazinga kashukela egazini elawulwa kahle ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okuqhubekayo kwemithambo
• Lawula umfutho wegazi: Gcina ukufundwa ngaphansi kuka-130/80 mmHg ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nemithi uma kudingeka
• Yehlisa i-cholesterol: Nciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL ukuze unciphise ukwakheka kwe-plaque emithanjeni
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Isisindo esiningi sibeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kungase kudingeke ngezinkinga ezinkulu zokujikeleza kwegazi. Udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi yokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi, noma ukuphatha izimo ezingaphansi njengesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kwezinye izimo, izinqubo ezinjenge-angioplasty noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kungase kunconywe ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Okubalulekile ukusebenza eduze nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo olubanzi olwenzelwe isimo sakho esithile. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ku-ABI yabo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokwenza izinguquko eziqhubekayo zokuphila, ikakhulukazi ngokuzivocavoca njalo nokuyeka ukubhema.

Yini i-ankle-brachial index engcono kakhulu?

I-ankle-brachial index ekahle iwa phakathi kuka-1.0 no-1.2, okubonisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi e-ankle yakho cishe ulingana noma uphakeme kancane kunomfutho engalweni yakho. Lolu hlu luphakamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa okukhulu emithanjeni yakho yomlenze.

I-ABI engu-1.0 isho ukuthi umfutho wakho we-ankle ulingana nomfutho wakho wengalo, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kunempilo. Ukufundwa phakathi kuka-1.0 no-1.2 kuthathwa njengokufanele ngoba kubonisa ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle ngaphandle kokusikisela imithambo eqinile ngokweqile.

Ngenkathi ukufunda kufika ku-1.3 kusabhekwa njokujwayelekile, amanani aphezulu njalo ngaphezu kuka-1.3 angase abonise ukuthi imithambo yakho yegazi isiqinile noma iqine. Lesi simo, esibizwa nge-medial sclerosis, sivamile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Imithambo eqinile ingenza ukufundwa kwe-ABI kungathembeki ekutholeni ukuvaleka.

Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-ABI

• Ukubhema: Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho futhi kusheshisa ukuncipha kwemithambo
• Isifo sikashukela: Ushukela ophezulu emzimbeni wonakalisa imithambo yegazi futhi wenyusa ingozi ye-PAD ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-2-4
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Ukucindezeleka kwegazi okungapheli kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezindongeni zemithambo
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: I-cholesterol ye-LDL ephakeme inegalelo ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque enobuthi
• Iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65: Imithambo ngokwemvelo iba ngaphansi kokuguquguquka futhi ithambekele ekuncipheni njengoba umuntu ekhula
• Umlando womndeni: Izici zofuzo zingakwenza uthambekele ezifweni zenhliziyo nemithambo
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isisindo esiningi sandisa ukuvuvukala kanye nokucindezeleka ohlelweni lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi
• Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala: Ukuntula umsebenzi womzimba kunegalelo ekujikelezeni kwegazi okungahambi kahle

Ezinye izici ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zengozi zihlanganisa isifo sezinso esingapheli, izimo zokuvuvukala njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, kanye nomlando wesifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. Ama-African Americans nabantu abanegazi lase-Hispanic nabo babhekene nezingozi eziphakeme zokuthuthukisa isifo semithambo engaphandle.

Uma unezici ezengeziwe zengozi, maningi amathuba okuthi uzothuthukisa izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zalezi zici zingashintshwa ngezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwezokwelapha, okukunika ukulawula okukhulu ngempilo yakho yemithambo.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba ne-ankle-brachial index ephezulu noma ephansi?

Akukho kokubili okufundwa kwe-ankle-brachial index ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi okuyinto ekahle. Umgomo uwukuba ne-ABI ebangeni elijwayelekile lika-0.9 kuya ku-1.3, okukhombisa ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo ngaphandle kokuqina kwemithambo noma ukuvaleka.

I-ABI ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-0.9) iphakamisa ukuthi imithambo yakho yomlenze inciphe noma ivalekile, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezinyaweni zakho nasemilenzeni. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi isifo semithambo esingaphandle, singaholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína uma singelashwa. Ukufundwa okuphansi ngokuqinisekile kuyakhathaza futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ABI ephezulu (ngaphezu kuka-1.3) akudingeki ukuthi ibe ngcono. Ukufundwa okuphakeme ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi imithambo yakho iqine noma yaba ne-calcified, okungenzeka ngesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, noma ubudala obuthuthukile. Imithambo eqinile ayikwazi ukucindezela kahle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okuholela ekufundweni okuphakeme ngamanga okungabonisi ngokuqondile isimo sakho sangempela sokujikeleza.

Lapho i-ABI yakho iphezulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase adinge ezinye izivivinyo ezinjenge-toe-brachial index noma ukuqoshwa kwevolumu ye-pulse ukuze athole isithombe esinembile sokujikeleza kwegazi lakho. Ukufundwa okuphezulu kakhulu kungase futhi kubonise ingozi eyengeziwe yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ngisho noma ukujikeleza kwemilenze yakho kubonakala kwanele.

Indawo emnandi ukugcina i-ABI phakathi kuka-1.0 no-1.2, okusikisela ukujikeleza okuhle ngemithambo enempilo, eguquguqukayo. Lolu hlu lubonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphumpa ngempumelelo igazi emilenzeni yakho ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nokuphikiswa okukhulu okuvela emithanjeni enciphe noma eqinile.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-ankle-brachial index ephansi?

I-ankle-brachial index ephansi ibonisa ukuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho nasezinyaweni, okungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezingathi sína uma zingalawulwa kahle. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kusiza ukukhuthaza izinguquko zokuphila kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha okungavimbela noma kunciphise lezi zinkinga.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zokujikeleza kwemilenze okungahambi kahle zithuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingase zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ubuhlungu emlenzeni ngenkathi uhamba (i-claudication): Imisipha ayitholi umoya-mpilo owanele ngesikhathi somsebenzi, okubangela ukuqaqamba noma ubuhlungu
• Ukuphola kwamanxeba okuhamba kancane: Ukusikeka, izilonda, noma ukulimala ezinyaweni zakho nasemilenzeni kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola
• Ushintsho esikhumbeni: Imilenze yakho ingase ibe mhlophe, ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ithuthukise ukubukeka okucwebezelayo
• Ukuwa kwezinwele: Ukujikeleza kwegazi okuncishisiwe kungabangela ukuthi izinwele ziyeke ukukhula emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho
• Izinkinga zezipikili: Izipikili zozwane zingase zibe nkulu, zibe buthaka, noma zikhule kancane
• Ukuzwela emazingeni okushisa: Izinyawo zakho nemilenze yakho ingase izizwe ibanda njalo

Izinkinga ezingathi sína zingathuthuka ezimweni ezinzima lapho ukujikeleza kwegazi kuhlaselwa kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ngisho nasekuphumuleni, izilonda ezingapholi noma izilonda, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, ukufa kwezicubu (i-gangrene) okungase kudingeke ukunqunywa.

Abantu abane-ABI ephansi futhi babhekene nengozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi ngoba inqubo efanayo yesifo ethinta imithambo yomlenze ivame ukuthinta imithambo ye-coronary neyobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nezinguquko zokuphila, abantu abaningi abane-PAD bangavimbela lezi zinkinga ezingathi sína futhi bagcine izinga elihle lempilo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-ankle-brachial index ephezulu?

Ngenkathi i-ankle-brachial index ephezulu ingase ibonakale ingcono kunaleyo ephansi, ukufundwa okungaphezu kuka-1.3 kungabonisa ukuqina kwemithambo okuletha okwako ukusetha kwezinkinga ezingaba khona. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuhlobana nezimo eziyisisekelo ezibangela ukuqina kwemithambo kunokuba yi-ABI ephezulu ngokwayo.

Ukufundwa kwe-ABI ephezulu kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, noma ubudala obuthuthukile, futhi izinkinga zivame ukubonisa lezi zimo eziyisisekelo:

• Izinkinga zokujikeleza ezigqokisiwe: Imithambo eqinile ingafihla ukuvaleka kweqiniso, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola i-PAD
• Ukwanda kwengozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi kuvame ukukhombisa isifo esibanzi semithambo yegazi
• Ukuphola kwamanxeba okungahambi kahle: Naphezu kokujikeleza okubonakala kujwayelekile, ukuphola kwezicubu kungase kusaphazamiseke
• Izinkinga zikashukela: I-ABI ephezulu esifo sikashukela ivame ukubonisa isifo esithuthukile se-microvascular
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nezinso: Ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi kungase kwenze ukusebenza kwezinso kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Into eyinhloko ekhathazayo nge-ABI ephezulu ukuthi inganikeza isiqinisekiso esingamanga ngesimo sakho sokujikeleza. Udokotela wakho angase adinge ezinye izivivinyo ukuze athole isithombe esinembile sokugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho nasezinyaweni zakho. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izilinganiso ze-toe-brachial index noma izifundo zokucabanga eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Abantu abanokufundwa kwe-ABI ephezulu ngokuqhubekayo badinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi futhi bangase badinge ukuphathwa okunonya kwezimo eziyisisekelo ezinjengesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso. Umgomo ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kokuqina kwemithambo yegazi ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kugeleza igazi elanele emaphethelweni akho.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela we-ankle-brachial index?

Kufanele ucabangele ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index uma unezinto eziyingozi zesifo semithambo yegazi noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingase zibonise izinkinga zokujikeleza. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinzima futhi kuthuthukise izinga lakho lempilo.

Izimo eziningana zidinga ukuxoxisana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-ABI:

• Ubudala obudlula iminyaka engama-65: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kunconywa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu
• Ubuhlungu emlenzeni uma uhamba: Ukugcwala, ubuhlungu, noma ukukhathala emilenzeni yakho ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Amanxeba aphola kancane: Ukusikeka noma izilonda ezinyaweni zakho noma emilenzeni yakho ezingapholi ngesikhathi esijwayelekile
• Ukuba khona kwezici eziyingozi: Isifo sikashukela, ukubhema, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma i-cholesterol ephezulu
• Umlando womndeni: Izihlobo eziseduze ezinomkhuhlane wemithambo yegazi noma isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
• Izinkinga zonyawo: Izinyawo ezibandayo, izinguquko zombala, noma ukwehla kokushaya kwegazi ezinyaweni zakho

Kufanele ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma uba nobuhlungu obukhulu emlenzeni ngesikhathi uphumule, izilonda ezivulekile ezingapholi, noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka emanzebeni ezinyaweni zakho noma emilenzeni yakho. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinkinga ezithuthukile zokujikeleza kwegazi ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma usuvele uke waba nokuhlolwa kwe-ABI futhi imiphumela yakho ibingajwayelekile, landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho zokuqapha nokuhlolwa okulandelayo. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kusiza ukulandelela izinguquko ekujikelezeni kwegazi lakho futhi kulungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Ungalindi ukuthi izimpawu zibe zimbi ngaphambi kokufuna ukuhlolwa. Abantu abaningi abanesifo semithambo yegazi yasekuqaleni abanazo izimpawu nhlobo, okwenza izivivinyo zokuhlola njenge-ABI zibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni nasekuvikeleni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-ankle-brachial index

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index kulungile ekutholeni isifo senhliziyo?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index kulungile ekutholeni isifo semithambo yegazi emilenzeni yakho, futhi kungahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho yonke yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Nakuba kungatholi ngokuqondile isifo senhliziyo, i-ABI ephansi ivame ukubonisa ukuthi une-atherosclerosis (ukuncipha kwemithambo) okungase futhi kuthinte imithambo yenhliziyo yakho.

Abantu abanezifo zemithambo yegazi emaphethelweni banengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi ngoba inqubo efanayo yesifo evimba imithambo yomlenze ivame ukuthinta imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo nobuchopho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abane-ABI ephansi banengozi ephindwe izikhathi eziyi-2-3 yezigameko zenhliziyo nemithambo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abanokufundwa okujwayelekile.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa imiphumela ye-ABI njengengxenye yokuhlola okubanzi kwengozi yenhliziyo nemithambo. Uma i-ABI yakho ingajwayelekile, bangase bancomende ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile enhliziyweni yakho, njenge-EKG, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, noma i-echocardiogram ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele sempilo yakho yenhliziyo nemithambo.

Q.2 Ingabe i-ankle-brachial index ephansi ibangela ubuhlungu emlenzeni?

I-ankle-brachial index ephansi ayibangeli ngqo ubuhlungu emlenzeni, kodwa ikhombisa ukuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi okungaholela ebuhlungwini ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba. Lolu hlobo lobuhlungu, olubizwa ngokuthi i-claudication, lwenzeka lapho imisipha yomlenze wakho ingatholi igazi elanele elinothile nge-oxygen ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukuhamba.

I-Claudication ngokuvamile izizwa sengathi iqinile, ibuhlungu, noma ikhathele emsipheni wakho wethole, ethangeni, noma emsipheni wezinqulu. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuqala ngemva kokuhamba ibanga elithile futhi buyanyamalala uma uphumula. Njengoba ukujikeleza kwegazi kuba kubi kakhulu, ibanga ongahamba ngalo ngaphambi kokuzwa ubuhlungu lingancipha kancane kancane.

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-ABI ephansi okhathazwa ubuhlungu emlenzeni. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izindlela zegazi ezingezona ezamanye (ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhambisanayo) okusiza ukugcina ukujikeleza kwegazi okwanele naphezu kwemithambo enciphile. Kodwa-ke, uma une-ABI ephansi nobuhlungu emlenzeni, kubalulekile ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze uthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi ulawule izimpawu.

Q.3 Ingabe imiphumela ye-ankle-brachial index ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Yebo, imiphumela ye-ankle-brachial index ingashintsha ngempela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukuqapha lezi zinguquko kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi alandele ukuqhubeka kwesifo semithambo yegazi emaphethelweni futhi ahlulele ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Izinguquko zingenzeka nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukujikeleza kwegazi lakho.

I-ABI yakho ingase ithuthuke ngezinguquko zokuphila njengokuzivocavoca njalo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuphatha kangcono isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi, ne-cholesterol. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ku-ABI yabo phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-6-12 ngemva kokwenza izinguquko ezinempilo eziqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlelo zokuzivivinya eziqondisiwe.

Ngokuphambene, i-ABI yakho ingase ibe yimbi uma isifo semithambo esingaphandle sithuthuka, ikakhulukazi uma izici eziyingozi zingalawulwa kahle. Yingakho udokotela wakho engase ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-ABI ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze aqaphe ukujikeleza kwegazi lakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi alungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.

Q.4 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index kuyabuhlungu?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index akubuhlungu nhlobo futhi kuzizwa njengokuthi uhlolwa umfutho wegazi emvakhe wokuvakashelwa okujwayelekile kwezokwelapha. Uzothola umuzwa ojwayelekile we-cuff yomfutho wegazi evuvukala engalweni yakho naseqakaleni, kodwa akukho okunye okungakhululeki ngaphezu kwalokho.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uzolala ngokukhululeka etafuleni lokuhlolwa ngenkathi umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo esebenzisa i-gel ye-ultrasound esikhumbeni sakho futhi esebenzisa idivayisi ye-Doppler ukuthola ukushaya kwakho. I-gel ingase izizwe ibanda kancane, kodwa akukhona ukungakhululeki. Idivayisi ye-Doppler imane nje iphumule esikhumbeni sakho futhi ayibangeli noma yimuphi umuzwa.

Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-10-15, futhi abantu abaningi bayithola iphumulele kakhulu. Ungase uzwe imisindo eqinisiwe yokugeleza kwegazi lakho ngedivayisi ye-Doppler, okuvamile ngokuphelele futhi nje kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kusebenza kahle.

Q.5 Ngingahlolelwa kangaki i-ankle-brachial index?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-ankle-brachial index kuncike ezintweni eziyingozi zakho, izimpawu, nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini. Kubantu abaningi, i-ABI isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlola lesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ezinye izimo zidinga ukuqapha okuvamile.

Uma i-ABI yakho yokuqala ijwayelekile futhi ungenazo izimpawu noma izici eziyingozi, ngokuvamile ngeke udinge ukuphinda ukuhlolwa ngaphandle uma isimo sakho sempilo sishintsha. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma izici eziyingozi njengesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Abantu abanemiphumela engajwayelekile ye-ABI ngokuvamile badinga ukuhlolwa okulandelayo njalo emavikini angu-6-12 ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokuphendula kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka uhlelo olufanele lokuhlolwa olusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, izimpawu, kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa. Umgomo ukubamba noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuqaleni ngenkathi kugwenywa ukuhlolwa okungadingekile.