Liyini i-Bilirubin Test? Inhloso, Amazinga, Inqubo & Imiphumela

Ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kukala inani le-bilirubin egazini lakho. I-Bilirubin iyinto ephuzi eyakheka lapho amaseli akho abomvu egazi echitheka ngokwemvelo. Isibindi sakho sicubungula le bilirubin futhi sisize ukuyisusa emzimbeni wakho nge-bile. Lapho amazinga e-bilirubin ekhuphuka kakhulu, kungabonisa izinkinga ngesibindi sakho, i-gallbladder, noma amaseli abomvu egazi.

Yini i-bilirubin?

I-Bilirubin ngumkhiqizo wemfucuza wemvelo owenziwa umzimba wakho nsuku zonke. Lapho amaseli akho abomvu egazi efika ekupheleni komjikelezo wawo wempilo, ahlukana futhi akhiphe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. Umzimba wakho bese uguqula le hemoglobin ibe yi-bilirubin.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-bilirubin egazini lakho. I-Bilirubin engashintshiwe (ebizwa nangokuthi i-bilirubin engaqondile) ihamba isuka egazini lakho iye esibindini sakho. I-Bilirubin eshintshiwe (ebizwa nangokuthi i-bilirubin eqondile) isicubungulwe yisibindi sakho futhi isilungele ukushiya umzimba wakho nge-bile.

Isibindi sakho sisebenza njengendawo yokucubungula i-bilirubin. Sithatha ifomu elingashintshiwe futhi siliguqule libe yifomu elishintshiwe, elingasuswa emathunjini akho. Le nqubo yenzeka kahle uma konke kusebenza kahle.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin?

Odokotela ba-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin ukuze bahlole ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuphenya izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-jaundice. I-Jaundice ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo akho okwenzeka lapho i-bilirubin yakheka egazini lakho.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome lolu vivinyo uma unezimpawu ezinjengesikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma izitulo eziphuthukile. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi i-bilirubin ayicubungulwa noma ayisuswa kahle. Ukuhlolwa futhi kusiza ukuqapha izifo zesibindi nokulandelela ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wegazi ovamile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Kungabamba izinkinga zesibindi zisasekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akusebenzise ukuhlola ukukhathala okungachazeki, ubuhlungu besisu, noma isicanucanu.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kuyindlela elula yokudonsa igazi ethatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Umsebenzi wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzohlanza indawo encane engalweni yakho bese efaka inaliti encane emthanjeni, ngokuvamile endaweni yakho yendololwane.

Uzozwa ukuchofoza okusheshayo lapho inaliti ingena, kodwa abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula ukukubekezelela. Isampula legazi liqoqwa ethubeni elincane, bese inaliti ikhishwa. Ibhandishi elincane liya ngaphezulu kwendawo lapho inaliti yayifakwe khona.

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha ngaphansi kwemizuzu emihlanu. Isampula lakho legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe belinganisela izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bilirubin. Imiphumela ivame ukutholakala phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-bilirubin?

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-bilirubin akudingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngokuqondile ngenye indlela.

Nokho, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngemithi oyithathayo. Eminye imithi ingathinta amazinga e-bilirubin, okuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics, amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zokudambisa ubuhlungu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi ngabe udinga ukuyeka okwesikhashana noma yimiphi imithi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Uma wenza ezinye izivivinyo zegazi ngasikhathi sinye, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uzile amahora angu-8-12 ngaphambili. Njalo landela imiyalelo ethile umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo akunika yona.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin?

Amazinga e-bilirubin avamile ngokuvamile aphansi kakhulu kubantu abadala abanempilo. Amazinga e-bilirubin aphelele avame ukusuka ku-0.2 kuya ku-1.2 milligrams nge-deciliter (mg/dL) yegazi. I-bilirubin eqondile kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.3 mg/dL.

Uma imiphumela yakho ibuya, uzobona izinombolo ze-bilirubin ephelele, i-bilirubin eqondile, kanye ne-bilirubin engaqondile. I-bilirubin engaqondile ibalwa ngokukhipha i-bilirubin eqondile ku-bilirubin ephelele. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi lezi zinombolo zisho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile.

Khumbula ukuthi amalabhorethri ahlukene angase asebenzise izinhla ezihlukile kancane zamanani ajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uzochaza imiphumela yakho ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu yiphethini yonke nokuthi amazinga akho aqhathaniswa kanjani nalokho okujwayelekile kuwe.

Yini ebangela amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin?

Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin angenzeka ngezizathu eziningana ezihlukene, futhi udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola imbangela ethile. Indawo yenkinga isiza ukunquma ukuthi yini engase hambe kabi.

Nawa amakhathalogi amakhulu ezimo ezingakhuphula amazinga e-bilirubin:

• Izinkinga zesibindi: I-Hepatitis, i-cirrhosis, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha, umdlavuza wesibindi, noma izifo zesibindi ezizuzwe ngofuzo
• Izinkinga ze-Gallbladder kanye ne-bile duct: Amatshe e-Gallstones, ukuvaleka kwe-bile duct, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-bile ducts
• Izimo ezihlobene negazi: I-Hemolytic anemia, isifo se-sickle cell, noma umalaleveva
• Izimo ezizuzwe ngofuzo: I-Gilbert's syndrome, i-Crigler-Najjar syndrome, noma i-Dubin-Johnson syndrome
• Imiphumela yemithi: Ama-antibiotics athile, ama-steroids, noma imithi ye-chemotherapy

Ezinye izimbangela zibaluleke kakhulu kunezinye, futhi eziningi ziyelapheka kalula. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okungenzeka kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Ziziphi izimpawu ze-bilirubin ephezulu?

Uphawu olucacile lwe-bilirubin ephezulu yi-jaundice, ebangela ukuthi isikhumba sakho nezimhlophe zamehlo akho ziphenduke ziphuzi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-bilirubin eyeqile yakha ezicutshini zakho.

Ungase futhi uqaphele ezinye izimpawu ezingahambisana namazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin:

• Umchamo ophuzi omnyama noma onsundu
• Izitulo eziphaphathekayo noma ezinombala wobumba
• Isikhumba esilumayo emzimbeni wonke
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokungavamile
• Isicanucanu noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi endaweni engenhla kwesokudla

Lezi zimpawu zingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi yini ebangela i-bilirubin yakho ephezulu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezilula kakhulu, kanti abanye bazizwa bengaphilile kahle. Ubunzima buvame ukuncika ekutheni amazinga akho e-bilirubin aphakeme kangakanani nokuthi anyuke ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ziyini izinkinga ze-bilirubin ephezulu?

Ezimweni eziningi ze-bilirubin ephezulu ziyalawuleka uma zitholwe ngesikhathi futhi zelashwa ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi angaholela ezinkingeni, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa.

Ezinganeni, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin angase abangele isimo esingavamile kodwa esibi esibizwa nge-kernicterus. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-bilirubin yakha ebuchosheni futhi ingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izinkinga zombono, noma ukubambezeleka kokukhula. Yingakho odokotela beqapha amazinga e-bilirubin eduze ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.

Kubantu abadala, izinkinga zivame ukuvela esimweni esibangela i-bilirubin ephezulu kunase-bilirubin uqobo. Isibonelo, uma isifo sesibindi sibangela i-bilirubin ephezulu, izinkinga zesibindi zibeka ingozi enkulu yezempilo.

Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin angapheli ngezinye izikhathi angaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe e-gallstones. Lawa amadiphozi aqinile angavimba amapayipi e-bile futhi abangele ubuhlungu noma ezinye izinkinga. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukubamba lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ungawanciphisa kanjani amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin?

Ukwelapha i-bilirubin ephezulu kugxila ekubhekaneni nesizathu esiyinhloko kunokumane kwehlisa inombolo. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokwelapha olusekelwe kulokho okubangela amazinga akho aphakeme.

Ngezimbangela ezihlobene nesibindi, ukwelashwa kungabandakanya imithi yokuvikela ukusebenza kwesibindi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila njengokugwema utshwala, noma ukwelashwa kwezimo ezithile zesibindi. Uma amatshe e-gallstones evimba imigudu ye-bile, ungase udinge izinqubo zokuwasusa.

Nawa amanye amasu ajwayelekile angasiza ekusekeleni amazinga e-bilirubin enempilo:

• Uhlala unamanzi ngokwanele ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi
• Ukudla ukudla okuhle esibindini okunezithelo nemifino eminingi
• Ukugwema utshwala nokukhawulela ukudla okucutshungulwayo
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo njengoba kutholakala
• Ukuphuza imithi enqunyiwe ngqo njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Ukulandela udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uqaphele

Abanye abantu abanezinga eliphakeme elincane, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo sikaGilbert, kungenzeka abadingi ukwelashwa okuthile. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Kuthiwani ngamazinga aphansi e-bilirubin?

Amazinga aphansi e-bilirubin ngokuvamile awona okumele akhathaze. Eqinisweni, ukuba namazinga e-bilirubin ngaphansi kwamazinga avamile ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengento enhle, njengoba kusikisela ukuthi isibindi sakho sicubungula i-bilirubin ngempumelelo.

Ngokuvamile, amazinga aphansi kakhulu e-bilirubin angase abonise izimo ezithile njengesifo semithambo yenhliziyo noma ahlobane nemithi ethinta ukukhishwa kwe-bilirubin. Kodwa-ke, odokotela ngokuvamile abakhathazeki nge-bilirubin ephansi ngaphandle uma kuyingxenye yephethini neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa engavamile.

Uma amazinga akho e-bilirubin ephansi, udokotela wakho cishe uzogxila kunoma yikuphi okunye okutholakele okungavamile emsebenzini wakho wegazi kunokuba i-bilirubin ephansi uqobo. Lokhu kwehluke kakhulu ku-bilirubin ephezulu, evame ukudinga uphenyo nokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana namazinga e-bilirubin?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukuphuzi kuvela kungazelelwe noma kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu.

Ezinye izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha zihlanganisa umchamo omnyama obukeka njetiye noma i-cola, izitulo eziphuthu kakhulu, ukulunywa okukhulu emzimbeni wonke, noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okuhambisana nesicanucanu. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zikhombisa izinkinga ngokucubungula i-bilirubin.

Uma unqunywe ukuthi unesifo esithinta amazinga e-bilirubin, landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho zokuqapha njalo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kulandelwe amazinga akho futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza ngempumelelo.

Unganqikazi ukuxhumana uma unezinkathazo mayelana nezimpawu zakho noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ithimba lakho lezempilo likhona ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani futhi uthuthukise uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lwempilo yakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin

Q1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kulungile ekutholeni izinkinga zesibindi?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kuyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuthola izinkinga zesibindi. Njengoba isibindi sakho sicubungula iningi le-bilirubin emzimbeni wakho, amazinga aphakeme ngokuvamile abonisa ukuthi isibindi sakho asisebenzi kahle.

Nokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kusebenza kangcono uma kuhlangene nokunye ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi. Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode ukuhlolwa kwama-enzyme esibindi afana ne-ALT ne-AST ukuze athole isithombe esiphelele sempilo yesibindi sakho. Ngokuhlangene, lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezithile zezinkinga zesibindi futhi kuqondise izinqumo zokwelapha.

Q2. Ingabe i-bilirubin ephezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi isho isifo sesibindi?

Cha, i-bilirubin ephezulu ayisho ngaso sonke isikhathi isifo sesibindi. Nakuba izinkinga zesibindi ziyimbangela evamile, ezinye izimo eziningana zingakhuphula amazinga e-bilirubin.

Izifo zegazi ezibangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi awohloke ngokushesha zingakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwe-bilirubin. Amatshe e-gall noma ukuvaleka kwemigudu ye-bile kungavimbela i-bilirubin ukuthi ingaphumi emzimbeni wakho kahle. Abanye abantu banezimo eziqhamuka ngofuzo njenge-Gilbert's syndrome ebangela ukukhuphuka okuncane kwe-bilirubin ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi yezempilo.

Q3. Ingabe imithi ingawathinta amazinga e-bilirubin?

Yebo, imithi ehlukahlukene ingathinta amazinga e-bilirubin. Ezinye izibulala-magciwane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisemphakathini we-sulfa, zingakhuphula i-bilirubin ngokuthinta ukusebenza kwesibindi noma ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Amaphilisi okulawula inzalo, imithi ethile yokwelapha ubuhlungu, neminye imithi ye-chemotherapy nayo ingawathinta amazinga e-bilirubin. Hlala wazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo ngaphambi kokuba uhlolwe i-bilirubin, njengoba kungase kudingeke ukuthi balungise ukuhunyushwa kwemiphumela yakho.

Q4. Ingabe kujwayelekile ukuthi i-bilirubin iguquguquke?

Yebo, amazinga e-bilirubin angaguquguquka kancane kubantu abanempilo. Izinto ezinjengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuzila ukudla, ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba, noma ukugula kungathinta amazinga akho okwesikhashana.

Abantu abane-Gilbert's syndrome bavame ukubona amazinga abo e-bilirubin ekhuphuka ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka, ukugula, noma ukuzila ukudla, bese bebuyela ezingeni elijwayelekile lapho belulama. Uma unokuguquguquka okukhulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuphindwayo ukuze kumiswe iphethini futhi kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuyadingeka.

Q5. Ingabe ukudla kungawathinta amazinga e-bilirubin?

Ukudla kungaba nomthelela othile emazingeni e-bilirubin, nakuba ngokuvamile kungeyona into eyinhloko. Ukudla ukudla okunama-antioxidants amaningi kanye nezakhamzimba ezisekela impilo yesibindi kungasiza ukugcina ukucutshungulwa okuvamile kwe-bilirubin.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala kungakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-bilirubin ngokulimaza amangqamuzana esibindi. Ukuzila ukudla noma ukunciphisa ama-calories ngokweqile kungakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga e-bilirubin. Ukugcina ukudla okulinganiselayo nokuhlala unamanzi kusekela ukusebenza okuphelele kwesibindi kanye ne-metabolism ye-bilirubin enempilo.