Yini i-Biological Therapy yomdlavuza? Inhloso, Izinhlobo & Nemiphumela

I-Biological therapy yomdlavuza ukwelashwa okusebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Ekwaziwa nangokuthi i-immunotherapy noma i-biotherapy, le ndlela isebenza ngokuthuthukisa, ukuqondisa, noma ukubuyisela izivikelo zakho zemvelo emdlavuzeni.

Ngokungafani ne-chemotherapy ehlasela ngokuqondile amaseli omdlavuza, i-biological therapy ifundisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi abhubhise amaseli omdlavuza ngempumelelo enkulu. Cabanga ngayo njengokunikeza uhlelo lokuphepha lomzimba wakho amathuluzi angcono nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kutholakale futhi kuqedwe usongo.

Yini i-biological therapy?

I-Biological therapy isebenzisa izinto ezenziwe eziphilayo ukwelapha umdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kungakhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ngumzimba wakho noma kwenziwe elabhorethri ukuze kulingise izinto zemvelo.

Amasosha omzimba wakho ngokuvamile akuvikela ezifweni nasezifweni, kodwa amaseli omdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi angacasha noma anqobe lezi zivikelo. I-Biological therapy isiza ukubuyisela lokhu kulinganisela ngokuqinisa impendulo yakho yamasosha omzimba noma ukwenza amaseli omdlavuza abe yizindawo ezilula zokuhlasela.

Ukwelashwa kusebenza ngezindlela eziningana. Kungathuthukisa amasosha omzimba akho wonke, kusize amaseli omzimba ukuthi asebenze kangcono, noma kuvimbele amasiginali amaseli omdlavuza awasebenzisayo ukuze akhule futhi asabalale.

Kungani kwenziwa i-biological therapy?

Odokotela batusa i-biological therapy lapho amasosha omzimba wakho edinga usizo ekulweni namaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kungasetshenziswa yodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nokunye ukwelashwa komdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy, imisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist angase asikisele i-biological therapy uma ukwelashwa kwendabuko kungasebenzi kahle noma uma unohlobo lomdlavuza olusabela kahle ekwelashweni okusekelwe ekuzivikeleni. Eminye imidlava, njenge-melanoma neminye imidlava yegazi, ivame ukubonisa izimpendulo ezinhle kulokhu kwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kungasebenza ngezinhloso ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sakho. Kungase kusize ukunciphisa izinso, kuvimbele umdlavuza ukuthi ungasabalali, noma kunciphise ithuba lokuthi umdlavuza ubuye ngemuva kokunye ukwelashwa.

Yini inqubo yokwelashwa ngemvelo?

Ukwelashwa ngemvelo kuvame ukunikezwa njengokufakwa ngomthambo engalweni yakho, kufana nokuthola i-IV. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka esibhedlela, esikhungweni somdlavuza, noma emtholampilo wabantu abangaguli esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa okuningi kunikezwa ngemijikelezo, ngamathuba okuphumula phakathi kwemihlangano ukuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi ululame. Iseshini ejwayelekile ingase ithathe noma yikuphi kusuka kumaminithi angama-30 kuya emahoreni ambalwa, kuye ngohlobo oluthile lokwelashwa olutholayo.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Uzohlala esihlalweni esinethezekile noma ulale embhedeni
• Umnakekeli uzofaka umugqa we-IV engalweni yakho
• Umuthi uzonikezwa kancane ngomthambo we-IV
• Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokuqapha nganoma yiziphi izindlela
• Ungase uqashwe isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokwelashwa

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngemvelo zinganikezwa njengemijovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma njengamaphilisi, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-IV yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizochaza kahle ukuthi yini ongayilindela ekwelashweni kwakho okuthile.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho ngemvelo?

Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa ngemvelo kuhilela izinyathelo zomzimba nezisebenzayo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile esekelwe ohlotsheni lokwelashwa ozoluthola.

Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwakho kokuqala, cishe uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uhlole impilo yakho yonke nokusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi linqume ukuthi usukulungele yini ukwelashwa futhi lisungule izilinganiso zokuqala.

Nawa amanye amasu ajwayelekile okuzilungiselela okungenzeka udinga ukuwathatha:

• Hlala uhle kahle ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi
• Thola ukuphumula nokulala okwanele ngaphambi kokwelashwa
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco ukuze usekele amasosha akho omzimba
• Thatha imithi enconywayo njengoba uqondiswe
• Lungiselela ezokuthutha ukuya nokuvela ekuqokweni
• Gwema abantu abagulayo noma abanezifo

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizoxoxa ngemithi oyithathayo njengamanje, njengoba eminye ingadinga ukulungiswa noma ukumiswa okwesikhashana. Kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imiyalelo yangaphambi kokwelashwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa kwemvelo?

Imiphumela yokwelashwa kwemvelo ilinganiswa ngezivivinyo ezihlukahlukene nokuskena okukhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho esebenzisa izifundo zokucabanga, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Ngokungafani nokunye ukwelashwa lapho imiphumela ibonakala ngokushesha, ukwelashwa kwemvelo kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi ukukhombisa imiphumela. Amasosha akho omzimba adinga isikhathi sokuphendula nokwakha amakhono awo okulwa nomdlavuza.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Ushintsho lobukhulu be-tumor ekuskeneni kwe-CT noma i-MRI
• Amazinga e-marker yegazi abonisa umsebenzi womdlavuza
• Impilo yonke namazinga wamandla
• Imiphumela emibi nokuthi ukubekezelela kahle kangakanani ukwelashwa
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yempilo

Ukusabela ekwelashweni kwemvelo kuvame ukuhlukaniswa njengokusabela okuphelele (umdlavuza uyanyamalala), ukusabela okuyingxenye (umdlavuza uyancipha), isifo esizinzile (umdlavuza awukhuli), noma isifo esiqhubekayo (umdlavuza uyakhula). Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi lezi zigaba zisho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ungayiphatha kanjani imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwemvelo?

Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi evela ekwelashweni ngamachiza e-biological kuhilela ukusebenza eduze nethimba lakho lezempilo nokuthatha izinyathelo zokusekela umzimba wakho. Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi ingahluka, abantu abaningi bayithola iphatheka kalula kuneziphumela ezimbi zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okwesintu.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ivame ukuzwakala njengokugula ngumkhuhlane, okuhlanganisa ukukhathala, umkhuhlane, amaqhafuza, nobuhlungu bomzimba. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukukhombisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba ayasabela ekwelashweni.

Nazi izindlela zokusiza ukuphatha imiphumela emibi engaba khona:

• Phumula uma uzizwa ukhathele futhi unciphise imisebenzi yakho
• Hlala unamanzi ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi
• Yidla ukudla okuncane, okuvame ukudliwa uma unezinguquko zesifiso sokudla
• Sebenzisa izidambisi zokucasuka ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi njengoba kuvunywe udokotela wakho
• Sebenzisa ama-compress abandayo ngezinkinga zesikhumba
• Bika noma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha

Imiphumela emibi engathi sína ingahlanganisa ukusabela okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba, ukuvuvukala kwezitho, noma izinkinga ze-autoimmune lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela izicubu ezinempilo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze futhi lilungise ukwelashwa uma kudingeka.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokwelashwa ngamachiza e-biological?

Ezinye izici zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ezivela ekwelashweni ngamachiza e-biological. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelashwa ephephe kakhulu kuwe.

Isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele sinendima ebalulekile ekutheni ungakwazi yini ukubekezelela ukwelashwa ngamachiza e-biological. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba aqinile nempilo enhle ngokuvamile banazo izinkinga ezimbalwa.

Izici eziyingozi ezingakhuphula izinkinga zihlanganisa:

• Izifo ze-Autoimmune njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus
• Umlando wokufakelwa kwezitho
• Isifo senhliziyo esibi, amaphaphu, noma isibindi
• Izifo ezisebenzayo noma amasosha omzimba abuthaka
• Ukusabela okukhulu kwangaphambilini ekwelashweni ngamachiza e-biological
• Ubudala obuthuthukile, nakuba lokhu kuhluka ngomuntu ngamunye

Ukuba nezinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa ngamachiza e-biological, kodwa kusho ukuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela futhi lingase lilungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokufanele.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nokusabela okunamandla komzimba ekwelashweni ngamachiza e-biological?

Ukusabela okunamandla komzimba ekwelashweni ngamachiza e-biological kungaba kokubili okuzuzisayo nokuyinselele. Ngenkathi ngokuvamile kukhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza, kungasho futhi imiphumela emibi ebonakalayo.

Lapho amasosha akho omzimba esabela ngokuqinile ekwelashweni ngamachiza e-biological, ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi umzimba wakho ufunda ukulwa nomdlavuza ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusabela ngezinye izikhathi kungadala ukuvuvukala nezimpawu ezinjenge-flu.

Okubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi efanele. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukubona umsebenzi owanele womzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza ngempumelelo, kodwa hhayi okuningi kangangokuthi kubangela imiphumela emibi eyingozi noma ukuhlasela izicubu ezinempilo.

Odokotela bakho bazokuqapha ngokucophelela ukusabela kwakho futhi bangase balungise isimiso sakho sokwelashwa noma umthamo ukuze kulungiswe le bhalanse. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukusabela okulinganiselwe ongakwazi ukukubekezelela kahle kungcono kunokusabela okuqinile okubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa ngamachiza e-biological?

Izinkinga zokwelashwa ngamachiza e-biological zingahluka kusuka kokulula kuya kokukhulu, nakuba izinkinga ezinzima zingavamile. Abantu abaningi bathola imiphumela emibi engalawuleki ethuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zibandakanya amasosha akho omzimba eba matasa ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvuvukeni ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho, okuhlanganisa isikhumba sakho, amaphaphu, isibindi, noma amathumbu.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukwenza imizwa ye-autoimmune ethinta izitho ezinempilo
• Ukwenza imizwa yesikhumba esibi noma ama-rash
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu okubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okuthinta ukusebenza kwesibindi
• Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okubangela isifo sohudo
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid ezithinta ukusebenza komzimba
• Ukwenza imizwa ye-Infusion ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingabandakanya izimo ezinzima ze-autoimmune ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokufundisa izimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele uzibheke nokuthi nini okufanele ufune ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemithi yezinto eziphilayo?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima noma ezikhathazayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemithi yezinto eziphilayo. Ngenkathi eminye imiphumela emibi ilindelekile, eminye idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ukuxhumana njalo nethimba lakho lezempilo kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Bazohlela ukuhlolwa okuvamile, kodwa kufanele ufinyelele phakathi kwama-aphoyintimenti uma unezinkathazo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-100.4°F noma 38°C)
• Isifo sohudo esibi noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukwenza imizwa yesikhumba esibi noma ama-rash asabalale
• Ukucasuka okuqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengamakhaza noma ukujuluka
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka

Unganqikazi ukushaya ucingo noma ngabe awuqinisekile ukuthi isimpawu sibi yini. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingathanda ukuzwa kuwe mayelana nenkinga encane kunokuthi liphuthelwe ithuba lokubhekana nenkinga engase ibe khona ekuqaleni.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokwelashwa ngemithi yezinto eziphilayo

Q.1 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngemithi yezinto eziphilayo kulungile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza?

Ukwelashwa ngemithi yezinto eziphilayo akusebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kusebenza kahle kakhulu emdlavuzeni ongase ubonwe futhi uhlaselwe uhlelo lwakho lomzimba lokuzivikela.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zithanda ukusabela kahle emithini yezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa i-melanoma, umdlavuza wezinso, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanye neminye imidlavuza yegazi efana ne-lymphoma. Eminye imidlavuza ingase ingasabeli kahle noma ingase idinge izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile.

Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzocabangela uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza onaso, isigaba sawo, nezinye izinto ukuze anqume ukuthi ukwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo kungenzeka yini kube usizo kuwe.

Q.2 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo kubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali?

Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ngezinto eziphilayo azibangeli ukulahlekelwa izinwele okuphelele okujwayelekile ekwelashweni ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokuncipha kwezinwele noma izinguquko ekuthungeni kwezinwele.

Uma izinguquko ezinweleni zenzeka, zivame ukuba zincane kunezokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwendabuko futhi zivame ukubuyiseka uma ukwelashwa kuphela. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingaxoxa ngalokho ongakulindela ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa kwakho okuthile.

Q.3 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude bokwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza onaso, ukuthi usabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni, nempilo yakho yonke. Abanye abantu bathola ukwelashwa izinyanga ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangase baqhubeke iminyaka eminingi.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani futhi alungise uhlelo njengoba kudingeka. Umgomo uwukuqhubeka nokwelashwa uma nje kusiza futhi ukukuthola kahle.

Q.4 Ngingasebenza yini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo?

Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo, nakuba kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezithile esimisweni sakho. Ikhono lokusebenza lincike ekusabeleni kwakho ngakunye ekwelashweni kanye nemvelo yomsebenzi wakho.

Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe ikhefu ezinsukwini zokwelashwa noma uma imiphumela emibi ivelele kakhulu. Xoxa ngesimo sakho somsebenzi nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuze uthuthukise uhlelo olukusebenzelayo.

Q.5 Ingabe ukwelashwa ngezinto eziphilayo kuzokwelapha umdlavuza wami?

Ukwelashwa ngendlela yezinto eziphilayo kungasebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa ukuthi kuzokwelapha umdlavuza wakho yini kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza wakho, isigaba, kanye nokusabela komuntu ngamunye ekwelashweni.

Kwabanye abantu, ukwelashwa ngendlela yezinto eziphilayo kuholela ekutheni umdlavuza unyamalale ngokuphelele. Kwabanye, kungase kusize ukulawula umdlavuza noma ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist angaxoxa ngamalungelo alindelekile angokoqobo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.