Liyini i-Bone Marrow Test? Injongo, Amazinga/Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-bone marrow test iyinqubo yezokwelapha ehlola izicubu ezithambile, ezinama-spongy ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho lapho amaseli egazi enziwa khona. Udokotela wakho uthatha isampula elincane lalesi sicubu ukuze ahlolisise ukuthi umzimba wakho uwakhiqiza kahle kangakanani amaseli egazi nokuthi afune izimpawu zezifo zegazi, izifo, noma iminyango ethile yomdlavuza.

Cabanga nge-bone marrow njengemboni yamaseli egazi emzimbeni wakho. Uma odokotela bedinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukubalwa kwegazi lakho kungajwayelekile noma besola isimo esihlobene negazi, bahlola le mboni ngokuqondile. Ukuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile olungavezwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela.

Yini i-bone marrow?

I-Bone marrow iyizicubu ezithambile, ezinjenge-jelly ezitholakala ngaphakathi ezikhaleni ezinamathambo akho amakhulu, ikakhulukazi emathanjeni akho ezinqulu, emathanjeni esifuba, kanye nomgogodla. Lezi zicubu eziphawulekayo zisebenza njengesikhungo esiyinhloko somzimba wakho sokukhiqiza amaseli egazi, ngokuqhubekayo zenza amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelets.

I-Bone marrow yakho iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezicubu. I-marrow ebomvu ikhiqiza ngokuqhubekayo amaseli egazi, kuyilapho i-marrow ephuzi igcina amafutha futhi ingaguquka ibe yi-marrow ebomvu lapho umzimba wakho udinga amaseli egazi engeziwe. Njengoba ukhula, okuningi kwe-marrow yakho ebomvu ngokwemvelo iguquka ibe yi-marrow ephuzi.

Inqubo yokwenza amaseli egazi ku-bone marrow yakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis. Amaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-stem cells ahlukanisa futhi avuthwe abe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazi ngaphambi kokungena emgudwini wakho wegazi. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo yakho, ithatha indawo yamaseli egazi amadala nase wonakele.

Kungani kwenziwa i-bone marrow test?

Odokotela bancamela ukuhlolwa kwe-bone marrow uma bedinga ukuhlola izinguquko ezingachazeki ekubalweni kwamaseli egazi lakho noma besola izifo ezithile zegazi. Ukuhlolwa kusiza ukuxilonga izimo ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi futhi kunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nempilo nokusebenza kwe-bone marrow yakho.

Udktora wakho angase asikisele leli hlola uma unokukhathala okuqhubekayo, izifo ezingachazeki, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile okungase kubonise izinkinga zamaseli egazi. Lolu hlolo lungasiza futhi ukuqapha ukuthi imithi yezifo zegazi isebenza kahle kangakanani.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko odokotela abahlela ngazo ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo:

• Ukuxilonga imidluko yegazi efana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, noma i-multiple myeloma
• Ukuphenya ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana egazi aphansi noma aphezulu okungachazeki
• Ukuhlola izifo zofuzo ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi
• Ukuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa ezifweni zegazi
• Ukuxilonga izifo ezithile ezithinta umnkantsha wamathambo
• Ukuhlola i-anemia engachazeki noma izifo zokuphuma kwegazi
• Ukuhlola ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwamaseli esiqu

Lolu hlolo lunikeza ulwazi olungahlinzekwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile, lunikeze ithimba lakho lezokwelapha umfanekiso ophelele wesistimu yakho yokukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo?

Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo empeleni kuhilela izinqubo ezimbili ezihlobene: ukufunwa komnkantsha wamathambo kanye ne-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo. Ngesikhathi sokufunwa, udokotela wakho ukhipha umnkantsha wamathambo olulwelo, kuyilapho i-biopsy isusa ucezu oluncane lwesicubu somnkantsha wamathambo esiqinile ukuze sihlolwe.

Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenzeka esibhedlela noma emtholampilo ongaphakathi, futhi ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-30. Iziguli eziningi zithola i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze zithulise indawo, futhi ezinye zingase zithole nokuthuliswa okuncane ukuzisiza ziphumule ngesikhathi senqubo.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo:

1. Uzoqala ngokulala ngohlangothi noma ngesisu, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi indawo okuthathwa kuyo isampula
2. Udokotela wakho uzohlanza futhi aqede ubuhlungu esikhumbeni phezu kwethambo lakho le-hip noma ithambo lesifuba
3. Inaliti encane ifakwa ngesikhumba ingene ethambo
4. Ubuchopho bethambo obuwuketshezi bukhishwa nge-syringe (ukukhipha)
5. Inaliti enkulu kancane isusa ucezu oluncane lwethambo elinobuchopho (i-biopsy)
6. Izindawo okuthathwe kuzo amasampula ziboshwa ngamabhandeshi futhi uqashwe ngokushesha

Ungase uzwe ingcindezi nobuhlungu obufushane, obukhulu lapho ubuchopho bukhishwa, kodwa ukungakhululeki kuvamile ukuthi kube mfushane. Abantu abaningi bachaza ukuthi kufana nokuthola umjovo, nakuba kunamandla kancane.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kobuchopho bethambo lakho?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kobuchopho bethambo kuhilela ukulungiselela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ihamba kahle. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa ukulungiselela okuningi kuqondile futhi akudingi izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila.

Yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi ama-blood thinners afana ne-aspirin noma i-warfarin. Ungase udinge ukuyeka imithi ethile izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze unciphise ingozi yokopha.

Nakhu ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kobuchopho bethambo lakho:

• Lungiselela ukuthi othile akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kwenqubo
• Yidla ukudla okulula ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngaphandle uma utshelwe ngenye indlela
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezilula
• Thatha noma iyiphi imithi yangaphambi kokwelashwa njengoba uqondisiwe
• Letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa zakho zamanje
• Hlela ukuphumula ngosuku olusele ngemuva kokuhlolwa

Kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuzwa ukukhathazeka mayelana nenqubo. Khuluma nethimba lakho lezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka onakho, futhi unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nalokho ongakulindela.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kobuchopho bethambo?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo inikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi kanye nempilo yomnkantsha wamathambo. Uchwepheshe wezifo uhlola amasampula akho ngaphansi kwe-microscope futhi angase enze ezinye izivivinyo zokuhlola izinguquko zofuzo noma izimpawu ezithile ezikhombisa isifo.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ikhombisa umnkantsha wamathambo onempilo onenani elifanele lamaseli egazi athuthukayo ezigabeni ezahlukene zokuvuthwa. Amaseli kufanele abonakale ejwayelekile ngosayizi, ukuma, nesakhiwo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zomdlavuza noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile.

Imiphumela yakho ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imininingwane mayelana:

• Ukubalwa kwamaseli namaphesenti ezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazi
• Ukubukeka kwamaseli namazinga okuvuthwa
• Ukuba khona kwamaseli angajwayelekile noma anomdlavuza
• Izimpawu zofuzo noma izinguquko zama-chromosome
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ezinye izifo
• Ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo wonke (ukuthi usebenza kangakanani)

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi imiphumela yakho ethile isho ukuthini ngempilo yakho futhi axoxe nganoma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo noma izinketho zokwelashwa ezidingekayo. Imiphumela ingathatha izinsuku eziningana kuya evikini ukuthi ibuye ngokuphelele.

Yini okutholwa okujwayelekile komnkantsha wamathambo?

Umnkantsha wamathambo ojwayelekile ukhombisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi okusebenzayo, okunempilo ngamaseli ezigabeni ezahlukene zokuthuthuka. Umnkantsha kufanele uqukathe izingxenye ezifanele zama-precursors amaseli abomvu egazi, ama-precursors amaseli amhlophe egazi, namaseli akha ama-platelet abizwa ngokuthi ama-megakaryocytes.

Emnkantshweni wamathambo onempilo, uzobona amaseli angavuthwanga avuthwa kancane kancane abe amaseli egazi asebenza ngokugcwele. Amaseli kufanele abe nokuma okujwayelekile, osayizi, nezakhiwo zangaphakathi ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokungajwayeleki kofuzo noma izinguquko ezinonya.

Okutholakele okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kufaka:

• Ukwenziwa okulinganiselwe kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi
• Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwamaseli kanye namaphethini okuvuthwa
• Ubungako obufanele bamazinyo emnkantsha weminyaka yakho
• Akukho okweqile kwamaseli angavuthiwe noma angajwayelekile
• Izimpawu zofuzo ezijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo se-chromosome
• Ukungabi khona kwamaseli omdlavuza noma izinto eziphilayo ezithelelanayo

Imiphumela ejwayelekile akusho ngempela ukuthi unempilo ngokuphelele, kodwa ikhombisa ukuthi umnkantsha wakho usebenza kahle futhi ukhiqiza amaseli egazi ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Ziyini izitholakalo ezingajwayelekile zomnkantsha wamathambo?

Izitholakalo ezingajwayelekile zomnkantsha wamathambo zingakhombisa izimo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi, kusukela ezifweni ezingenasici kuya emdlavuzeni onzima. Ukuphambuka okuthile kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume imbangela ekhona kanye nendlela efanele yokwelapha.

Izitholakalo ezingajwayelekile ezivamile zihlanganisa amaseli amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu ezinhlobo ezithile, amaseli abukeka engavamile ngaphansi kwe-microscope, noma ukuba khona kwamaseli okungafanele abe khona emnkantshini wamathambo. Lezi zinguquko zingakhombisa izinhlobo ezihlukene zezifo zegazi.

Izitholakalo ezingajwayelekile zingabandakanya:

• Amaseli amaningi amhlophe egazi angavuthiwe (okungenzeka i-leukemia)
• Ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamaseli okuphelele (ukwehluleka komnkantsha wamathambo)
• Ukuma kwamaseli okungajwayelekile noma osayizi (i-dysplasia)
• Ukuba khona kwamaseli omdlavuza avela kwamanye amalungu omzimba
• Ukuphambuka kofuzo emangqamuzaneni egazi
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka noma izimo ezivuvukalayo
• Ukwanda kokugcinwa kwensimbi noma ezinye izinguquko ze-metabolic

Udokotela wakho uzoqondanisa lezi zitholakalo nezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi ancome ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zomnkantsha wamathambo ongajwayelekile?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo, nakuba abantu abaningi abanezici eziyingozi bengalokothi bathuthukise izimo ezinzima. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqaphele impilo yakho ngokucophelela.

Ubudala buyinye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, njengoba izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo ziba yinto ejwayelekile njengoba ukhula. Umnkantsha wakho wamathambo ngokwemvelo awusebenzi kahle ngokuya ngeminyaka, futhi izinguquko zemvelo ziqongelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nazi izinto eziyingozi eziyinhloko zezifo zomnkantsha wamathambo:

• Ubudala obuthuthukile (iningi lomdlavuza wegazi livela ngemva kweminyaka engama-60)
• Ukwelashwa ngaphambilini komdlavuza nge-chemotherapy noma imisebe
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zegazi noma izimo ezithile zemvelo
• Ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali athile afana ne-benzene noma imithi yokubulala izinambuzane
• Ukubhema nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala
• Izifo ezithile zemvelo ezifana ne-Down syndrome
• Izifo zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela noma izifo ezingapheli
• Izifo zegazi zangaphambilini noma izimo zomnkantsha wamathambo

Ukuba nezinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzothuthukisa izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngazo nodokotela wakho ukuze uqashwe kahle futhi uthole ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo?

Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo ngokuvamile kuyizinqubo eziphephile ezinamazinga aphansi okuba nezinkinga. Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela ukungakhululeki okuncane futhi bayalulama ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Izinkinga ezinzima azivamile kodwa zingenzeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezifo zokopha noma izimiso zomzimba sokuzivikela ezikhubazekile.

Inkinga evame kakhulu ngemva kokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo ukuba buhlungu okwesikhashana endaweni yokuhlolwa, okuvame ukuxazululwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela. Abanye abantu bangase futhi babe nokulimala okuncane endaweni.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma igazi endaweni yokuhlolwa (ngokuvamile okuncane)
• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokufakwa kwenelidi
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukulimala noma ukuvuvukala endaweni
• Ngokuvamile, ukulimala ezakhiweni eziseduze
• Ukuphendula komzimba emuthini wokubulala izinzwa (akuvamile kakhulu)

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane noma ububomvu, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungami ngomfutho omnene. Izinkinga eziningi zincane futhi ziyelapheka kalula.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo?

Kufanele ubone udokotela uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezingase zibonise izinkinga zegazi noma zomnkantsha wamathambo. Izifo eziningi zomnkantsha wamathambo zithuthuka kancane kancane, ngakho izimpawu zakuqala zingase zibonakale zincane noma zingahlobene nezimo ezinzima.

Naka izimpawu eziqhubeka amasonto ambalwa noma ziba zimbi kakhulu. Ngenkathi lezi zimpawu zingaba nezimbangela eziningi, ngezinye izikhathi zibonisa izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Bona udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile noma ukuphola kancane
• Ukulimala noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungachazeki
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngesikhathi semisebenzi ejwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo, ikakhulukazi emhlane noma esifubeni sakho
• Amanodi e-lymph aqhubukile anganyamalali
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki noma ukujuluka ebusuku
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile noma ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka

Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kwezifo zomnkantsha wamathambo kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela, ngakho unganqikazi ukuxoxa ngezimpawu ezikhathazayo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo

Ingabe ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kubuhlungu?

Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kubangela ukungakhululeki okuthile, kodwa kuvame ukuba mfushane futhi kulawuleka. Abantu abaningi bachaza ubuhlungu njengobukhali kodwa obuhlala isikhashana, obufana nomjovo ojule noma umgomo. I-anesthesia yendawo idumbaza isikhumba nethambo langaphandle, nakuba usengazizwa umfutho nomuzwa wokudonsa lapho umnkantsha ukhishwa.

Isikhathi esingakhululekile kakhulu ngokuvamile sithatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela lapho umnkantsha wamanzi ufunwa. Iziguli eziningi zithi ukulindela kubi kakhulu kunenqubo yangempela. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo linganikeza ezinye izinketho zokuphatha ubuhlungu uma uzwela kakhulu ekungakhululeki.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku ezi-3-7 ukuze kutholakale okokuqala, nakuba imiphumela ephelele ingathatha amasonto amabili. Isikhathi sincike ekutheni yiziphi izivivinyo ezithile udokotela wakho azi-oda nokuthi ukuhlaziya kudingeka kube nzima kangakanani.

Eminye imiphumela, njengokubalwa kwamaseli okuyisisekelo nokubukeka, itholakala ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo, amabala akhethekile, noma izivivinyo zokuthola izimpawu ezithile kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuqeda. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ukuthi uzolindela nini imiphumela nokuthi bazokuxhumana kanjani ngemiphumela kuwe.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kungathola zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza?

Izivivinyo zomnkantsha wamathambo zinhle kakhulu ekutholeni imidlavuza yegazi efana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kanye ne-multiple myeloma, kodwa azikwazi ukuthola zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa ngokukhethekile kuhlolwa izicubu ezakha igazi futhi kungathola imidlavuza eqala noma esakazeka emnkantshweni wamathambo.

Uma umdlavuza ovela kwelinye ilungu lomzimba usakazekele emnkantshweni wakho wamathambo, ukuhlolwa kungase kuthole la maseli omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi zamathumba aqinile afana nomdlavuza webele, wamaphaphu, noma wamathumbu amakhulu, ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga zifaneleka kakhulu ekutholeni nasekubekeni ekuqaleni.

Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kungajwayelekile?

Uma ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kubonisa imiphumela engajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola imbangela eyinhloko nokuthuthukisa uhlelo olufanele lokwelapha. Ukungajwayeleki okuthile kuqondisa ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezingase zidingeke nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.

Akuzona zonke iziphumo ezingajwayelekile ezibonisa izimo ezinzima. Ezinye izinto eziphumile zingase zicebise izimo ezingelashwa njengokushoda kwamavithamini noma izifo. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizochaza ukuthi iziphumo zakho ezithile zisho ukuthini futhi lixoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo ekunakekelweni kwakho, okungase kufake phakathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, ukudluliselwa kochwepheshe, noma izinketho zokwelapha.

Ngivame kangakanani ukudinga ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kuncike ngokuphelele esimweni sakho sezempilo. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuhlolwa okukodwa kuphela ukusiza ukuxilonga isimo, kanti abanye abanezifo zegazi bangase badinge ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa noma ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Uma welashwa umdlavuza wegazi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe umnkantsha wamathambo njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuze uhlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ukuqapha izimo ezithile, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa minyaka yonke noma kaningi. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokwenza isimiso sokuqapha esisekelwe ekuxilongweni kwakho okuthile kanye nohlelo lokwelapha.