Yini i-Bone Marrow Biopsy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-bone marrow biopsy iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho udokotela wakho esusa khona isampula elincane lezicubu ze-bone marrow ukuze alihlole ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lezi zicubu zihlala ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho futhi zikhiqiza zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi lakho, okuhlanganisa amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nama-platelets. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthola ukubuka okuseduze efekthri yamaseli egazi emzimbeni wakho ukuze uqonde ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani.

Yini i-bone marrow biopsy?

I-bone marrow biopsy ihlanganisa ukuthatha ucezu oluncane lwezicubu ezinama-spongy ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho, ngokuvamile kusuka ethambweni lakho le-hip. I-bone marrow yakho injengemboni ematasa eyenza njalo amaseli amasha egazi ukuze ithathe indawo yamadala emzimbeni wakho wonke. Uma odokotela bedinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukubalwa kwegazi lakho kungase kungajwayelekile noma ukuxilonga izimo ezithile, bahlola lezi zicubu ngokuqondile.

Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-30 futhi yenziwa njengokuvakasha kwesiguli esiphuma ngaphandle. Uzoqala ngokuqamba amanga ngohlangothi lwakho ngenkathi udokotela wakho esebenzisa inaliti ekhethekile ukuze akhiphe isampula elincane ngemuva kwethambo lakho le-pelvic. Abantu abaningi bachaza ukungakhululeki njengengcindezi emfushane kodwa enamandla, efana nokuthola umgomo kodwa ohlala imizuzwana embalwa ngaphezulu.

Kungani kwenziwa i-bone marrow biopsy?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-bone marrow biopsy uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa imiphumela engajwayelekile edinga ukucwaningwa okwengeziwe. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukusiza ukuxilonga izifo zegazi, umdlavuza othinta amaseli egazi, noma ukuqapha ukuthi ukwelashwa okuthile kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko odokotela abenza ngazo lolu vivinyo, futhi ukwazi ukuthi kungani kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu:

• Ukuxilonga iminyango yegazi efana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, noma i-multiple myeloma
• Ukuphenya i-anemia engachazeki noma ukwehla kwamaseli egazi
• Ukuhlola izifo ezingase zithinte umnkantsha wamathambo
• Ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa kwezifo zegazi
• Ukuhlola ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale yini emnkantshini wamathambo
• Ukuxilonga izifo ezingavamile zomnkantsha wamathambo njenge-myelofibrosis

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukuthi baphenye umkhuhlane ongaziwa noma izindlela ezingavamile zokuphuma kwegazi. I-biopsy ibanika imininingwane enemininingwane engatholakali ekuhlolweni kwegazi kuphela.

Yini inqubo ye-bone marrow biopsy?

Inqubo ye-bone marrow biopsy yenzeka ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma emtholampilo ongaphumi kuwo, futhi uzokwazi ukuhamba ngalolo suku. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokuqondisa esinyathelweni ngasinye ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile futhi unolwazi kuyo yonke inqubo.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi senqubo, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Uzoqala ngokuqala ngohlangothi lwakho noma isisu sakho etafuleni lokuhlolwa
2. Udokotela wakho uzohlanza isikhumba phezu kwethambo lakho le-hip ngesibulali-magciwane
3. I-anesthetic yendawo ifakwa ngomjovo ukuze idambise indawo ngokuphelele
4. Inaliti enezimbobo ifakwa esikhumbeni sakho ithatheke ethambo
5. Uketshezi lomnkantsha wamathambo liyakhishwa kuqala (ukufisa)
6. Ucezu oluncane lwethambo elinomnkantsha luyasuswa (i-biopsy)
7. Kufakwa ingcindezi ukuze kumiswe noma yikuphi ukuphuma kwegazi
8. Ibhandishi libekwa endaweni

Ukusampula kwangempela kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, yize ungase uzwe ingcindezi lapho inaliti ingena ethambo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukulindela akukhululeki ngaphezu kwenqubo uqobo.

Ungalungela kanjani i-bone marrow biopsy yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-bone marrow biopsy yakho kulula, futhi ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile esekelwe emlandweni wakho wezokwelapha. Umgomo uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthi inqubo ihamba kahle.

Udktora wakho cishe uzokucela ukuthi wenze lezi zilungiselelo ezinsukwini ezihambela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho:

• Misa ukuthatha imithi eqeda igazi njenge-aspirin noma i-warfarin uma uqondisiwe
• Tshela udktora wakho ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo
• Yidla ukudla okulula ngaphambi kwenqubo ngaphandle uma utshelwe ngenye indlela
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemva kwalokho
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezilula
• Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yamanje

Akudingeki ukuthi uzile ngaphandle uma udktora wakho ekucela ngqo ukuthi wenze njalo. Abanye abantu bakuthola kuwusizo ukuletha ama-headphone noma babuze ukuthi bangalalela umculo ngesikhathi senqubo ukubasiza baphumule.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo?

Imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo izobuya cishe ngesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili, njengoba izicubu zidinga isikhathi sokucutshungulwa nokuhlolwa ngokucophelela nguchwepheshe wezifo. Umbiko uzofaka imininingwane enemininingwane ngesakhiwo somnkantsha wamathambo akho, izinhlobo zamaseli, nanoma yikuphi okutholakele okungajwayelekile.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ngokuvamile ikhombisa umnkantsha wamathambo onempilo onenhlanganisela efanele yamaseli egazi athuthukayo. Udktora wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi okutholakele kusho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile, kodwa ngokuvamile, imiphumela ejwayelekile ikhombisa ukuthi umnkantsha wamathambo akho ukhiqiza amaseli egazi ngendlela efanele futhi akubonisi izimpawu zomdlavuza noma ezinye izimo ezinzima.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingase iveze izimo eziningana ezihlukene, futhi udktora wakho uzokuhambisa ngalokho abakutholile:

• Ambalwa kakhulu noma amaningi kakhulu ezinhlobo zamaseli athile
• Ukuba khona kwamaseli angajwayelekile noma anomdlavuza
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukulimala noma i-fibrosis emnkantshweni wamathambo
• Ubufakazi bokungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni
• Ukungena ngamaseli omdlavuza avela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba

Khumbula ukuthi imiphumela engavamile ayisho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kukhona okungathi sína. Ngezinye izikhathi imane nje iqinisekise lokho udokotela wakho ayekucabanga kakade futhi isize ukuqondisa uhlelo olufanele lokwelapha wena.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zemiphumela engavamile ye-bone marrow biopsy?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela engavamile ye-bone marrow biopsy, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi kungaqinisekisi ukuthi uzoba nezinkinga. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Ubudala buyinye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba umsebenzi we-bone marrow ushintsha ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 maningi amathuba okuthi bathuthukise izifo zegazi, nakuba lezi zimo zingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Umlando womndeni nawo udlala indima, ikakhulu ezifweni ezithile zegazi ezingokwemvelo.

Ezinye izici eziyingozi ezingase zithinte impilo yakho ye-bone marrow zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambilini
• Ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali athile afana ne-benzene
• Ukubhema imikhiqizo kagwayi
• Izimo ezithile zemvelo
• Izifo ze-autoimmune
• Izifo ezingapheli
• Eminye imithi ethathwa isikhathi eside

Izici zemvelo nezindlela zokuphila nazo zingathinta impilo ye-bone marrow, nakuba abantu abaningi abanezici eziyingozi bengalokothi babe nezinkinga. Udokotela wakho ucabangela zonke lezi zici lapho echaza imiphumela yakho.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-bone marrow biopsy?

I-bone marrow biopsy ngokuvamile iphephile kakhulu, kodwa njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezokwelapha, inezingozi ezithile ezincane. Izinkinga ezingathi sína azivamile, zenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wezinqubo, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke kungakusiza uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu imnene futhi yesikhashana, okuhlanganisa ubuhlungu endaweni ye-biopsy izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukulimala okuthile noma ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane lapho kufakwe inaliti, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi okufanele kulungiswe kungakapheli isonto.

Nawa amathuba okuba khona izinkinga okufanele uziqaphele, nakuba iningi lingavamile:

• Ukunyuka kwamagciwane endaweni yokuhlolwa
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukungezwani komzimba nomuthi wokubulala izinzwa
• Umonakalo ezakhiweni eziseduze (akuvamile kakhulu)
• Ukuquleka ngesikhathi noma ngemva kwenqubo

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqapha ngemva kwenqubo futhi likunikeze imiyalelo ecacile mayelana nokunakekela indawo yokuhlolwa. Abantu abaningi babuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo. Nakuba iningi labantu lilulama ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ufune nini ukwelashwa.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqala izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ezinye izinkinga:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C)
• Ubuhlungu obanda ngokuqhubekayo obungathuthuki ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile noma ukukhipha amanzi endaweni yokuhlolwa
• Ububomvu, ukufudumala, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni
• Ubhodo noma ukukhipha okuhogayo
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza

Kufanele futhi ufinyelele uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yakho noma udinga ukucaciselwa mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lifuna uzizwe unolwazi futhi ukhululekile kuyo yonke le nqubo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kulungile ekuxilongeni i-leukemia?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo kungenye yezivivinyo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-leukemia. Kuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone amaseli omdlavuza wangempela emnkantshweni wamathambo akho futhi banqume uhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia ongase ube nayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kusikisela i-leukemia, kodwa ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlele indlela engcono yokwelapha.

I-biopsy nayo ikhombisa ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti lomnkantsha wakho wamathambo eliqukethe amaseli omdlavuza, okusiza ukunquma isigaba nobukhulu besifo. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekukhetheni ukwelashwa okufanele nasekuqageleni ukuthi ungase usabele kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe i-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo ibuhlungu ngaphezu kwezinye izinqubo?

Abantu abaningi bachaza i-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo njengengakhululekile kodwa ekhuthazelekayo, efana nezinye izinqubo ezincane njengokuthola umjovo noma ukudonswa kwegazi. I-anesthetic yendawo idumbisa isikhumba nezicubu ezingaphezulu, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu ngesikhathi esiningi senqubo.

Umzuzu lapho inaliti ingena ethambo ingase ibangele ingcindezi emfushane, enamandla ehlala imizuzwana embalwa nje. Iziguli eziningi zithi ukulindela kubi kakhulu kunenqubo yangempela, futhi ukungakhululeki kulawuleka ngemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu udokotela wakho ayinikezayo.

Umbuzo 3. Ziqiniseke kangakanani imiphumela ye-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo?

Imiphumela ye-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo iqinisile kakhulu uma yenziwa futhi ihunyushwa ochwepheshe bezempilo abanolwazi. Lolu vivinyo luhlola ngokuqondile izicubu zomnkantsha wakho wamathambo, lunikeze ulwazi oluqinisekile mayelana nezinhlobo zamaseli, isakhiwo, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingavamile ezikhona.

Nokho, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, kunethuba elincane lemiphumela engamanga ngenxa yezinto zobuchwepheshe noma ukusampula endaweni engamele wonke umnkantsha wamathambo. Udokotela wakho ucabangela imiphumela yakho ye-biopsy kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa nezimpawu zakho ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okunembile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umbuzo 4. Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivivinya ngemva kwe-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo?

Kufanele ugweme ukuzivivinya okunzima okungenani amahora angu-24 ngemva kwe-biopsy yakho yomnkantsha wamathambo ukuze uvumele indawo ye-biopsy ukuthi iphole kahle. Imisebenzi elula efana nokuhamba ngokuvamile ilungile, kodwa gwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, ukugijima, noma imisebenzi engase ibeke ingcindezi endaweni ye-biopsy.

Udkt wakho uzokunika imikhawulo ethile yomsebenzi ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, kodwa abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekuzilolongeni okuvamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lalela umzimba wakho futhi wandise umsebenzi kancane kancane njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile.

Q.5 Kwenzekani uma i-biopsy yami yomnkantsha wamathambo ikhombisa umdlavuza?

Uma i-biopsy yakho yomnkantsha wamathambo ikhombisa umdlavuza, udkt wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olubanzi lokwelapha olwenzelwe ukuxilongwa kwakho okuthile. Uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, nempilo yakho yonke kuzothinta izinketho zakho zokwelapha.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizochaza ukuxilongwa kwakho ngokucacile, lixoxe ngezinketho zokwelapha, futhi likuxhumanise nochwepheshe abagxile ohlotsheni lwakho lomdlavuza. Khumbula ukuthi imidlavuza eminingi yegazi iyelapheka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma itholwe kusenesikhathi, futhi izinketho zokwelapha ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngentuthuko ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.