Yini i-Breast Biopsy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-breast biopsy iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho odokotela besusa khona isampula elincane lezicubu zebele ukuze balihlole ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lolu vivinyo lusiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe indawo ekhathazayo ebeleni lakho iqukethe amaseli omdlavuza noma ayilutho (angewona umdlavuza). Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha isithombe esicacile ngangokunokwenzeka sokuthi kwenzakalani ezicutshini zakho zebele ukuze bakunikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Yini i-breast biopsy?

I-breast biopsy ihlanganisa ukuthatha ucezu oluncane lwezicubu zebele endaweni ebukeka ingajwayelekile ekuhlolweni kwesithombe noma ezizwa zihlukile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Isampula lezicubu lithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe ababizwa ngama-pathologists belihlola ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwama-microscopes anamandla. Lolu hlolisiso lungasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe amaseli ajwayelekile, awanalutho, noma anomdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-biopsy ngemuva kokuthola okuthile ngesikhathi se-mammogram, i-ultrasound, i-MRI, noma ukuhlolwa komzimba. Umgomo uwukuthola izimpendulo kunokuzibuza ukuthi yini engase ibe khona. Ama-biopsies amaningi ebele akhombisa imiphumela engalungile, okusho ukuthi awukho umdlavuza.

Kungani kwenziwa i-breast biopsy?

Odokotela bancoma ama-biopsies ebele lapho bethola okuthile okudinga ukuhlolwa okuseduze. Lokhu kungaba yiqhubu olizwayo noma udokotela wakho alizwayo, indawo engajwayelekile ekuhlolweni kwesithombe, noma izinguquko ezicutshini zakho zebele. I-biopsy isiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinguquko ezingenangqondo nalezo ezingase zidinge ukwelashwa.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase asikisele i-breast biopsy:

• Iqhubu noma ukujiya ebeleni lakho okuzizwa kuhluke ezicutshini ezizungezile
• Ushintsho esikhumbeni sebele, njengokugqashuka, ukushwabana, noma ububomvu
• Ukuphuma emabeleni okopha noma okungajwayelekile kuwe
• Izindawo ezisolisayo ezitholakala kuma-mammograms, ama-ultrasounds, noma ama-MRI scans
• Ubuhlungu bebele obuqondiswe endaweni eyodwa ethile
• Ushintsho ekumeni noma osayizi webele okukhathazayo kuwe noma kudokotela wakho

Khumbula, ukudinga i-biopsy akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Ama-biopsy amaningi aveza izimo ezingenasici njengama-cyst, ama-fibroadenomas, noma izinguquko eziqhelekile zezicubu. Lolu vivinyo lunikeza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ulwazi oludingayo ukuze likusize.

Yini inqubo ye-biopsy yebele?

Inqubo ye-biopsy yebele incike ohlotsheni udokotela wakho aluncomayo, kodwa iningi lenziwa njengezinqubo ezingaphandle. Ngokuvamile uzokwazi ukuhamba ngalolo suku. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ama-biopsy anezinaliti, asebenzisa izinaliti ezincane ukuqoqa amasampula ezicubu, nama-biopsy okuhlinzwa, okubandakanya ukwenza ukusikeka okuncane.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sohlobo oluvame kakhulu, i-core needle biopsy:

1. Uzolala ngohlangothi lwakho noma uhlale phansi, kuye ngokuthi ikuphi indawo okwenziwa kuyo i-biopsy
2. Udokotela uzohlanza indawo futhi asebenzise i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze aqede ubuhlungu ebeleni lakho
3. Esebenzisa i-ultrasound noma i-mammography guidance, bazofaka inaliti engenalutho endaweni esolisayo
4. Inaliti iqoqa amasampula amaningana amancane ezicubu, ongase uzwe njengomsindo wokuchofoza
5. I-marker clip encane ingase ibekwe endaweni ye-biopsy ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo
6. Indawo ihlanzwa futhi iboshwe, futhi uzothola imiyalelo yokunakekelwa ngemuva

Yonke inqubo ivame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60, nakuba ukuqoqwa kwezicubu kwangempela kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Abesifazane abaningi bachaza ukungakhululeki njengokufana nokudonswa kwegazi noma ukuthola umgomo.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-biopsy yakho yebhele?

Ukulungiselela i-biopsy yakho yebhele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ihamba kahle futhi uzizwa ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa amalungiselelo athile ajwayelekile angakusiza ukuthi uzizwe unethemba elikhulu ngokuya enqanaweni.

Nawa amanyathelo okuzilungiselela okubalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-aspirin noma i-warfarin
• Gwema ukugqoka i-deodorant, impuphu, noma i-lotion esifubeni sakho nasemakhwapheni ngosuku lwenqubo
• Gqoka ibhodi elikhululekile, elilingana kahle elisekela elivuleka ngaphambili
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya, ikakhulukazi uma uzothola imithi yokuthulisa
• Hlela ukuthatha ikhefu emsebenzini ngosuku olusele ukuze uphumule futhi ululame
• Yidla ukudla okulula ngaphambi kwenqubo ngaphandle uma uqondiswe ngenye indlela

Kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuzwa ukukhathazeka ngaphambi kwe-biopsy. Cabangela ukuletha umngani omethembayo noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze uthole ukwesekwa, futhi unganqikazi ukubuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nenqubo.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-biopsy yamabele?

Imiphumela yakho ye-biopsy yamabele ngokuvamile izobe isilungile phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini ngemuva kwenqubo. I-pathologist ihlola isampula lakho lezicubu futhi idale umbiko onemininingwane ozobukezwa udokotela wakho nawe. Ukuqonda ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini kungakusiza ukuthi uzizwe ulungiselelwe kangcono ukuqokwa kwakho okulandelayo.

Imiphumela ye-Biopsy ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Imiphumela emihle isho ukuthi akukho maseli omdlavuza atholakele, futhi izicubu zibonisa izinguquko ezijwayelekile noma ezingezona ezinomdlavuza njengama-cyst noma ama-fibroadenomas. Imiphumela enobungozi obukhulu ikhomba amaseli angewona omdlavuza kodwa angase andise ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamabele esikhathini esizayo. Imiphumela emibi isho ukuthi amaseli omdlavuza atholakele.

Uma imiphumela yakho ikhombisa umdlavuza, umbiko uzofaka imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nohlobo lomdlavuza, ukuthi ubonakala unolaka kangakanani, nokuthi unayo yini ama-hormone receptors. Lolu lwazi lusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lithuthukise uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenzayo kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile. Khumbula, ngisho nokuxilongwa komdlavuza namuhla kunezinketho eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelelayo.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-biopsy yamabele?

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba okuthi ungase udinge i-biopsy yebhelele ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yakho. Ukuqonda lezi zinto eziyingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale unolwazi ngempilo yakho yamabele futhi ugcine amashejuli okuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho.

Izinto eziyingozi ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, lapho izicubu zamabele zishintsha khona futhi ingozi yomdlavuza ikhuphuka ngokwemvelo
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamabele noma wama-ovari, ikakhulukazi ezihlotsheni eziseduze
• Umlando womuntu siqu wezinkinga zamabele, okuhlanganisa ama-biopsy angaphambilini noma umdlavuza wamabele
• Izicubu zamabele eziqinile, ezingenza ama-mammogram abe nzima ukuwafunda
• Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okufana ne-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphambilini endaweni yesifuba
• Ukwelashwa nge-hormone replacement therapy noma ukwelashwa kokuzala okuthile
• Ukungabi nabantwana noma ukuba nomntwana wakho wokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engama-30

Ukuba nalezi zinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzodinga i-biopsy, kodwa zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwamabele njalo nokulandela izincomo zokuhlolwa zikadokotela wakho. Abesifazane abaningi abanezinto eziyingozi eziningi abadingi i-biopsy, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto eziyingozi ezibonakalayo bangase bayidinge.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-biopsy yebhelele?

Ama-biopsy amabele ngokuvamile ayizinqubo eziphephile kakhulu ezinamazinga aphansi okuba nezinkinga. Abesifazane abaningi bathola kuphela ukungakhululeki okuncane futhi babuyela emisebenzini evamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona okufanele uziqaphele.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ongase uyithole ihlanganisa:

• Ukulimala nokuvuvukala endaweni ye-biopsy, okuvame ukuxazululwa ngaphakathi kwesonto
• Ubuhlungu obuncane kuya obumaphakathi noma ukuzwela okusabela kahle emithini yokwelapha ubuhlungu engathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela
• Inani elincane lokopha noma ukukhipha okucacile endaweni ye-biopsy
• Ushintsho lwesikhashana esimweni sebhele uma kususwe izicubu ezibalulekile

Izinkinga ezingathi sína azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlolwa, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile, noma ukusabela komzimba emithini yokubulala izinzwa. Lezi zinkinga zenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wokuhlolwa kwamabele. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela futhi linikeze imiyalelo ecacile mayelana nokuthi ungaxhumana nabo nini uma unokukhathazeka.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ukuze ngilandelele ukuhlolwa kwamabele?

Ukuqokwa okuningi okulandelayo kokuhlolwa kwamabele kuhlelwa phakathi nesonto ngemuva kwenqubo yakho, kodwa kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyaphola kahle futhi lixoxe ngemiphumela yakho uma itholakala.

Kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengokubomvu okwandayo, ukufudumala, noma i-pus endaweni yokuhlolwa
• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C) ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kwenqubo
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungami ngokucindezela ngobumnene
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungathuthuki ngemithi ebhalwe ukuthi idambise ubuhlungu
• Ukuvuvukala okungavamile okubonakala kukhula kunokuthi kube ngcono

Ukuqokwa kwakho okulandelayo okuhleliwe kubalulekile ekubuyekezeni imiphumela yakho nasekuxoxeni nganoma yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo. Uma imiphumela yakho ikhombisa okutholakele okungenabungozi, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukubuyela esimisweni sakho sokuhlolwa esivamile. Uma ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo noma ukwelashwa kudingeka, bazokusiza ukuthi uqonde izinketho zakho futhi bakuxhumanise nochwepheshe abafanele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamabele

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwamabele kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamabele?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwamabele kuthathwa njengezinga legolide lokuthola umdlavuza wamabele. Yindlela enembile kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi ingabe izicubu zamabele ezisolisayo ziqukethe amaseli omdlavuza. Ngokungafani nezivivinyo zokucabanga ezingabonisa kuphela izindawo ezikhathazayo, i-biopsy inikeza izimpendulo eziqinisekile ngokuvumela ochwepheshe bezifo ukuthi bahlole amaseli angempela ngaphansi kwemicroscope.

Ukuhlolwa kwamabele kunembile ngaphezu kuka-95% ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwezicubu ezinomdlavuza nezingenawo umdlavuza. Leli zinga eliphezulu lokunemba lisho ukuthi ungazethemba imiphumela ukuze iqondise izinqumo zakho zokwelashwa. Uma umdlavuza utholakala, ukuhlolwa kwamabele kunikeza nolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nohlobo lomdlavuza nezici ezisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlele indlela yokwelashwa ephumelelayo.

Q.2 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwamabele kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza?

Cha, ukuhlolwa kwamabele akukwandisi ingozi yakho yokuthola umdlavuza wamabele. Lokhu kuyinkathazo ejwayelekile, kodwa ucwaningo lwesayensi luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi inqubo yokuhlolwa ngokwayo ayibangeli umdlavuza noma yenze umdlavuza okhona usabalale. Inani elincane lezicubu ezisuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa akuthinti impilo yakho yonke yamabele noma ingozi yomdlavuza.

Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi ukuphazamisa izicubu kungase kubangele amaseli omdlavuza ukuthi asabalale, kodwa lokhu akuyona indlela umdlavuza oziphatha ngayo. Uma umdlavuza ukhona, usuvele ukhona kungakhathaliseki ukuhlolwa. Le nqubo imane isize odokotela ukuthi bawuthole ukuze bakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngelashwa elifanele ngokushesha okukhulu.

Q.3 Inzima kangakanani inqubo yokuhlolwa kwamabele?

Abesifazane abaningi bathola ukuhlolwa kwamabele kungaba buhlungu kakhulu kunalokho ababekulindele. Le nqubo ngokuvamile izizwa ifana nokudonswa kwegazi noma ukuthola umgomo wokugoma. Uzothola i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze uqede indawo, ngakho akufanele uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwezicubu ngokwazo.

Ungase uzwe ukucindezela okuthile noma ukungakhululeki okuncane ngesikhathi senqubo, nokuba buhlungu okuthile ngemva kwalokho okufana nokulimala. Abesifazane abaningi bangakwazi ukuphatha noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki ngemva kwenqubo ngamaphilisi aqeda ubuhlungu angathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela njenge-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen. Ukungakhululeki ngokuvamile kuyancipha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Q.4 Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivocavoca ngemva kokuhlolwa kwamabele?

Kufanele ukugweme ukuzivocavoca okukhulu nokuphakamisa izinto ezinzima cishe isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwakho kwebele ukuze kuvumele ukuphola okufanele. Imisebenzi elula efana nokuhamba ngokuvamile ilungile futhi empeleni ingasiza ukujikeleza kwegazi nokuphola. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imikhawulo ethile yomsebenzi ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlolwa okwenziwe.

Ngokuvamile, ungaqala kabusha imisebenzi ejwayelekile ehlanganisa ukuzivocavoca lapho noma yikuphi ukulimala nokuzwela sekuxazululiwe, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Uma ube nokuhlolwa okukhulu kokuhlinzwa, ungase udinge ukulinda isikhashana ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha imisebenzi ephelele. Njalo landela imiyalelo ethile kadokotela wakho ngesimo sakho.

Q.5 Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwebele?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwebele ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku zebhizinisi eziyi-2-5, nakuba ezinye izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingathatha isonto elilodwa. Isikhathi sincike ohlotsheni lwezivivinyo i-pathologist okudingeka izenze esampulini yakho yezicubu. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngokuvamile kunikeza imiphumela ngokushesha, kuyilapho ezinye izivivinyo ezengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwama-hormone receptor kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho ngokuvamile lizokushayela ucingo uma imiphumela itholakala, noma ungase uyithole ngengosi yeziguli eku-inthanethi. Ungakhathazeki uma kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa - lesi sikhathi sokulinda sijwayelekile futhi asibonisi lutho ngemiphumela yakho. I-pathologist ithatha isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ikunikeze ulwazi olunembile ngangokunokwenzeka.