Kuyini Ukuhlinzwa Komdlavuza Wamabele? Inhloso, Izinhlobo & Ukululama

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kuyinqubo yezokwelapha yokususa izicubu ezinomdlavuza ebeleni. Ingenye yezindlela ezivamile nezisebenzayo zokwelapha umdlavuza wamabele, eklanyelwe ukuqeda amaseli omdlavuza futhi iwavimbele ukuthi angasakazeki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Uma utshelwe ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele, kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa ukhungathekile noma wesaba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izindlela zokuhlinza zithuthuke kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi baqhubeka nokuphila impilo egcwele, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ake sihambe ngalokho ongakulindela nokuthi le nqubo ingakusiza kanjani ohambweni lwakho lokuphola.

Kuyini ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kuhilela ukususa izicubu ezinomdlavuza ebeleni lakho ngenqubo yokuhlinza ehlelwe ngokucophelela. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzosusa umdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli omdlavuza aqediwe.

Kucabange njengendlela yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha yokukunika ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokululama. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi uzobe ulele ngokuphelele futhi uzizwe ukhululekile kuyo yonke inqubo. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizokuqapha eduze ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho nokunethezeka kwakho.

Uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa ozoludinga luya ngazinto ezinjengosayizi nendawo yomdlavuza wakho, ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini, nezintandokazi zakho. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukukhetha indlela ekufanele isimo sakho esiyingqayile.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kusebenza njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko ukususa umdlavuza emzimbeni wakho futhi ukuvimbela ukuthi ungasakazeki ngaphezulu. Imvamisa iyona ndlela eqondile nesebenzayo yokuqeda izicubu ezinomdlavuza futhi ikunike ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokululama okuphelele.

Ukuhlinzwa futhi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi liqonde kahle ukuthi libhekene nani. Lapho behlola izicubu ezisusiwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope, bangathola imininingwane ebalulekile ngomdlavuza wakho, njengokuthi unolaka kangakanani nokuthi usabalale yini kuma-lymph nodes aseduze.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungase kutuswe noma ngabe uthola ezinye izindlela zokwelapha njenge-chemotherapy noma imisebe. Le ndlela yokuhlanganisa ivame ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokwelapha olubanzi olwenzelwe izidingo zakho ezithile.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Kunezindlela eziningana ezihlukene zokuhlinzwa zokwelapha umdlavuza wamabele, ngasinye senzelwe izimo ezithile. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzoncoma inketho evumelana kangcono nohlobo lomdlavuza wakho, usayizi, kanye nezimo zakho siqu.

Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele ongase uhlangabezane nazo:

• Lumpectomy: Isusa umdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile ngenkathi igcina iningi lebele lakho
• I-mastectomy engaphelele: Isusa ingxenye enkulu yezicubu zamabele kune-lumpectomy kodwa igcina iningi lebele lingathintekile
• I-mastectomy elula: Isusa lonke ibele kodwa ishiya imisipha yesifuba nama-lymph nodes engathintekile
• I-mastectomy eguquliwe: Isusa lonke ibele kanye nama-lymph nodes athile ngaphansi kwengalo
• I-mastectomy eqinile: Isusa ibele, imisipha yesifuba, nama-lymph nodes (akuvamile ukwenziwa namuhla)

Udokotela ohlinzayo uzobuye acabange ukuthi ungazuza yini ekuhlinzweni kokwakha kabusha, okungakwazi ukwakha kabusha ukuma kwebele ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ngesikhathi esithile esizayo. Lesi sinqumo singesakho ngokuphelele ukuthi usenze ngokusekelwe ezingeni lakho lokunethezeka kanye nezintandokazi zakho.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa kwakho komdlavuza wamabele?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza webele kuhilela ukulungiselela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uzizwa uqinile futhi ukulungele inqubo.

Udkt wakho cishe uzokucela ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulu ama-blood thinners noma imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engandisa ingozi yokopha. Bazophinda bacele ukuthi ugweme ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini ngemuva kwamabili ngobusuku obandulela ukuhlinzwa kwakho.

Nawa amanye amasu angakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele:

• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa futhi ahlale nawe amahora okuqala angu-24
• Lungisa ikhaya lakho ngemigudu enethezekile, ukudla okulula okufinyeleleka kalula, nokuzijabulisa ukuze ululame
• Thenga noma yiziphi izibhulukwe zangemuva kokuhlinzwa noma izingubo zokucindezela ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Gcina imithi ebekiwe kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo
• Qedela noma yiziphi izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa udkt wakho azicelayo, njengomsebenzi wegazi noma ukuthwebula izithombe

Unganqikazi ukubuza ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nenqubo. Ukuqonda okulindelekile kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kukwenze uzizwe ulungiseleleke kakhulu ohambweni olulandelayo.

Iyini inqubo yokuhlinzwa komdlavuza webele?

Inqubo yokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile iqala ngokuthi uthole i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi uzobe ulele ngokuphelele futhi ungenabo ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Udkt wakho we-anesthesiologist uzoqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ngokuqhubekayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho.

Udkt wakho ohlinzayo uzokwenza ukusikeka endaweni enqunyiwe, asuse ngokucophelela izicubu ezinomdlavuza ngokuya ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Uma ama-lymph nodes edinga ukuhlolwa, bangase futhi basuse ama-nodes ambalwa ukuze bahlole ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale yini ngaphezu kwebele.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthatha phakathi kwehora elilodwa kuya kwamane, kuye ngobunzima benqubo yakho ethile. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzoqeda ukusika ngama-sutures noma ama-staples okuhlinzwa futhi angase abeke amashubhu okukhipha amanzi ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokwelapha.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, uzoqhutshwa endaweni yokululama lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha bezokuqapha ngenkathi uvuka emuthini wokubulala izinzwa. Abantu abaningi bazizwa beqhaqhazela futhi bangase bahlangabezane nokuhlanza ekuqaleni, kodwa le miphumela ivame ukushabalala kungakapheli amahora ambalwa.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho yokuhlinzwa kungase kuzizwe kukhulu, kodwa udokotela wakho uzokuchaza konke ngemininingwane futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Umbiko we-pathology uzoqukethe imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nomdlavuza osusiwe.

Umbiko wakho uzofaka imininingwane ngosayizi womdlavuza, uhlobo lwamaseli omdlavuza, nokuthi ngabe udokotela ohlinzayo wakwazi yini ukususa wonke umdlavuza obonakalayo ngemajini ecacile. Ama-margins acacile asho ukuthi akukho maseli omdlavuza atholwe emaphethelweni ezicubu ezisusiwe, okuyizindaba ezinhle kakhulu.

Uma ama-lymph nodes esusiwe, umbiko uzokhombisa ukuthi ngabe akhona yini aqukethe amaseli omdlavuza. Lolu lwazi lusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi linqume ukuthi ungazuza yini ekwelashweni okwengeziwe njenge-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy.

Udokotela wakho uzohlela i-aphoyintimenti yokulandela ukuze axoxe ngale miphumela nawe mathupha. Le ngxoxo yisikhathi esifanele sokubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi okutholakele kusho ukuthini ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa nokululama.

Ungalulama kanjani ekuhlinzweni komdlavuza wamabele?

Ukululama ekuhlinzweni komdlavuza wamabele kuyinqubo kancane kancane evame ukuthatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokuphola, futhi kubalulekile ukuba nesineke ngesikhathi sakho ngalesi sikhathi.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa, cishe uzoba nobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokukhathala. Udokotela wakho uzoqoka imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu ukuze uhlale ukhululekile, futhi ukusebenzisa ama-ice pack kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

Nawa amanye amathiphu angasekela ukululama kwakho:

• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokunakekela ukusikwa kwakho nokushintsha izindwangu
• Gwema ukuphakamisa noma yini engaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-10 emasontweni ambalwa okuqala
• Kancane kancane wandise izinga lomsebenzi wakho njengoba uzizwa uqina
• Hambela kuzo zonke izikhathi zokulandela ukuze uqaphele ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa kwakho
• Yenza noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezinconywayo zengalo nehlombe ukuze ugcine ukuhamba

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuba nohlelo oluqinile lokusekela kwenza ukululama kube lula. Unganqikazi ukucela usizo emndenini nakubangane ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke ngenkathi welashwa.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Ngenkathi ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kuvamile ukuthi kuphephile, ezinye izici zingakhuphula ingozi yezinkinga. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa ukuthi lithathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuqinisekisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Ubudala bungaba nendima, njengoba iziguli ezindala zingase zibe nengozi ephakeme kancane yezinkinga ngenxa yezinye izimo zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ubudala bodwa abuvimbeli umuntu ekuhlinzweni okuphumelelayo.

Izimo eziningana zezokwelapha zingakhuphula izingozi zokuhlinzwa:

• Isifo sikashukela, esinganciphisa ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba
• Isifo senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okungase kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka
• Ukubhema, okuphazamisa kakhulu ukuphulukiswa
• Izifo zokuqina kwegazi
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphambilini endaweni yesifuba

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa lizobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele futhi lisebenze nawe ukunciphisa noma yiziphi izingozi. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nezinkinga.

Ziziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ziqashelwe. Ukuqaphela izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kukusiza ukuthi ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingenzeka zihlanganisa ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa, ukopha, noma ukuqongelela uketshezi okubizwa nge-seroma. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukulawuleka ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezokwelapha futhi ngokuvamile azibangeli izinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Nazi izinkinga okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ukutheleleka: Ububomvu, ukufudumala, ubuhlungu obandayo, noma umkhuhlane
• Ukuphuma igazi: Ukulimala okungavamile noma igazi eligcwala ngamabhandishi
• I-Seroma: Ukuqongelela uketshezi okungase kudingeke ukukhipha
• I-Lymphedema: Ukuvuvukala engalweni noma esandleni uma ama-lymph nodes esusiwe
• Umonakalo wemizwa: Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuluma esifubeni, engalweni, noma endaweni yamahlombe
• Ushintsho lwezimonyo: Ukulimala noma izinguquko ekumweni kwamabele

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingahlanganisa amahlule egazi, ukusabela okukhulu komzimba emuthini wokubulala izinzwa, noma ukulimala kwezitho eziseduze. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza liqeqeshwe ukubhekana nalezi zimo futhi lizokuqapha eduze ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F, ububomvu obandayo ngasekuqhumeni, noma ukukhipha okufana namathumba. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile kungenye isizathu sokufuna ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Uma uqaphela igazi eligcwala ngamabhandishi akho noma ukulimala okusha okukhulu, ungalindi ukushayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo eziqinisekisa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu obungathuthuki ngemithi enikeziwe
• Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe engalweni yakho noma esandleni
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okukuvimbela ukuthi ugcine uketshezi phansi
• Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile njengokuqubuka noma ubunzima bokuphefumula

Ukuze ulandelele njalo, ngokuvamile uzobona udokotela ohlinzayo phakathi nesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo phakathi kwama-aphoyintimenti uma unokukhathazeka noma imibuzo mayelana nokululama kwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kuyasebenza kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala?

Yebo, ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kusebenza kakhulu kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala, ngamazinga okuphulukisa avame ukudlula ngaphezu kuka-90% lapho umdlavuza ungakabi ngaphezu kwamabele. Ukutholwa nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela.

Ngesigaba 1 nesigaba 2 somdlavuza wamabele, ukuhlinzwa okuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa okulandelayo okufanele kunikeza amazinga amahle kakhulu okuphila isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamabele wesigaba sokuqala baqhubeka nokuphila impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo ngemva kokwelashwa.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele kubangela ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale?

Cha, ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele akubangeli ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale. Lokhu kuyinkathazo ejwayelekile, kodwa ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi ukuhlinzwa empeleni kuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi usabalale ngokususa umdlavuza.

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lithatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ngesikhathi senqubo ukuze kuncishiswe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwengozi yamangqamuzana omdlavuza aya kwezinye izindawo. Izinzuzo zokususa umdlavuza zidlula kakhulu noma yiziphi izingozi ezingokwemvelo.

Umbuzo 3. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekuhlinzweni komdlavuza wamabele?

Isikhathi sokululama siyahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa kanye nenqubo yakho yokuphulukisa. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini elula phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi baqale kabusha imisebenzi ejwayelekile phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4.

Ukuphola okuphelele, okuhlanganisa ukunyakaza okugcwele namandla, ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto angu-6-8. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza imihlahlandlela ethile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwakho lokuhlinzwa kanye nentuthuko yokululama.

Q.4 Ngizodinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamabele?

Noma ngabe udinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuncike ezintweni ezithile zomdlavuza wakho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlinzwa kwakho. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist uzobuyekeza umbiko wakho we-pathology ukuze anqume ukuthi i-chemotherapy, imisebe, noma i-hormone therapy ingaba usizo yini.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umdlavuza ubuye. Lokhu kwelashwa kuye kwabonakala kuthuthukisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa komdlavuza okubanzi.

Q.5 Ngingakhetha ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamabele ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza?

Yebo, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamabele kuyindlela yokukhetha kubantu abaningi abaye bahlinzwa i-mastectomy. Ungakhetha ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kwakho komdlavuza noma ngosuku olulandelayo.

Udkt. wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngezinketho ezihlukene zokwakhiwa kabusha nawe, okuhlanganisa ama-implants noma ukusebenzisa izicubu zakho. Ukukhetha kungokwakho ngokuphelele futhi kuncike kokuncamelayo, isimo sempilo, kanye nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.