Yini i-Breast MRI? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-Breast MRI iyisivivinyo sokuthwebula esinemininingwane esisebenzisa omazibuthe abanamandla kanye namaza omsakazo ukudala izithombe ezicacile zezicubu zakho zamabele. Cabanga ngayo njengendlela enemininingwane yokubheka ngaphakathi emabeleni akho uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mammograms noma ama-ultrasounds, enikeza odokotela umbono obanzi walokho okwenzekayo ngaphansi.

Le nqubo enobumnene, engahlaseli isiza odokotela ukuthola umdlavuza wamabele, ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa, nokuhlola impilo yamabele kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu. Uzoqamba amanga ngokunethezeka emshinini okhethekile ngenkathi uthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane, futhi yonke inqubo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-45 kuya ehora elilodwa.

Yini i-Breast MRI?

I-Breast MRI imele i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging yamabele. Kuyindlela yokuthwebula yezokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi edala izithombe ezinemininingwane, ezinobukhulu obuthathu bezicubu zakho zamabele isebenzisa izinkambu zikazibuthe kanye namaza omsakazo esikhundleni semisebe.

Ngokungafani nama-mammograms acindezela amabele akho noma ama-ultrasounds acindezela esikhumbeni sakho, i-MRI ikuvumela ukuthi ulale ukhululekile etafuleni elinempahla enezicubu zamabele zakho ezibekwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Omazibuthe abanamandla bomshini basebenza ngokuqukethwe kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho ukuze bakhiqize izithombe ezinemininingwane emangalisayo ezingadalula ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ezicutshini zamabele.

Le ndlela yokuthwebula ethuthukisiwe ingathola ukungajwayelekile okungenzeka kungaveli kwezinye izivivinyo. Ilusizo ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile, lapho ama-mammograms ngezinye izikhathi eba nobunzima bokubona ngamalayela ezicubu eziqine.

Kungani kwenziwa i-Breast MRI?

I-Breast MRI isebenza ngezinhloso eziningana ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwempilo yamabele. Udokotela wakho angase ancome lolu vivinyo ukuze athole isithombe esicacile sezindawo ezisolisayo ezitholwe kwezinye izivivinyo zokuthwebula noma ukuqapha impilo yamabele akho uma usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wamabele.

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu odokotela abahlela ngazo i-MRI yamabele zihlanganisa ukuhlola abesifazane abasengozini enkulu abanomlando womndeni oqinile womdlavuza wamabele noma wama-ovari, noma abaphethe izinguquko zofuzo njenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2. Laba besifazane bayazuza emakhonweni athuthukisiwe okuthola i-MRI ewahlinzekayo ngaphezu kwe-mammography ejwayelekile.

Nawa amanye amazwi lapho udokotela wakho angase ancome khona i-MRI yamabele:

• Ukuhlola abesifazane abanengozi yokuphila engama-20-25% noma ngaphezulu yomdlavuza wamabele
• Ukuhlola izinga lomdlavuza wamabele owaziwayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Ukuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukuphenya okutholakele okusolisayo kuma-mammogram noma ukuhlolwa komzimba
• Ukuhlola ukuvela kabusha komdlavuza ngemuva kokwelashwa
• Ukuhlola izithako zamabele ukuze zithole ukuvuza noma ukuqhekeka
• Ukuhlola izicubu zamabele eziqinile lapho ama-mammogram angase angasebenzi kahle

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa i-MRI yamabele ukuxazulula izindida zokuxilonga lapho ezinye izivivinyo zinikeza imiphumela engacacile. Kubalulekile futhi kubesifazane abasanda kutholwa umdlavuza wamabele ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona yini kwezinye izindawo zebele elifanayo noma ibele eliphambene.

Yini inqubo ye-MRI yamabele?

Inqubo ye-MRI yamabele iqondile futhi yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa induduzo yakho. Uzothola imiyalelo ecacile ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa ulungile futhi uphumule.

Lapho ufika, uzoshintsha ufake ingubo yesibhedlela evuleka ngaphambili. Uchwepheshe uzokuchazela inqubo futhi aphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Uma idayi elihlukile lidingeka, bazofaka umugqa omncane we-IV engalweni yakho, ozizwa njengokucindezela okusheshayo.

Nasi okwenzekayo ngesikhathi se-MRI yakho yamabele:

1. Uzoqala ukulala ngesisu etafuleni elinemiqamelo ngamabele akho abekwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile
2. Leli tafula lizoshelela emshinini we-MRI, obukeka njengeshubhu elikhulu
3. Uzozwa imisindo emikhulu yokushaya nokubhonga njengoba umshini uthatha izithombe
4. Uma kusetshenziswa i-contrast, igeleza nge-IV yakho cishe phakathi nendawo yokuskena
5. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi, kodwa ungaphefumula ngokujwayelekile
6. Uchwepheshe angakuzwa futhi akhulume nawe ngohlelo lwe-intercom

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-45 kuya ehora elilodwa. Iningi lalesi sikhathi lihilela umshini othatha izithombe eziningi ezivela ezingelweni ezihlukene. Uzozwa itafula linyakaza kancane phakathi kokulandelana kwezithombe, kodwa lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele futhi kulindelekile.

Umbala we-contrast, uma usetshenziswa, usiza ukugqamisa ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yakho yamabele. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekutholeni umdlavuza, njengoba izicubu ezinomdlavuza zivame ukuba nokwanda kokuhlinzekwa kwegazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezicubu ezijwayelekile.

Ungalungela kanjani i-Breast MRI yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-MRI yakho yamabele kuhilela izinyathelo ezilula ezisiza ekuqinisekiseni izithombe ezingcono kakhulu. Ihhovisi likadokotela wakho lizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile, kodwa ukulungiselela okuningi kugxila esikhathini sokwenza nokuthi yini okufanele ukugweme ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isikhathi se-MRI yakho sibalulekile uma usahlangabezana nokuya esikhathini. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzohlela ukuhlolwa engxenyeni yokuqala yomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7-14 ngemuva kokuqala kwesikhathi sakho. Lesi sikhathi sinciphisa izinguquko zamabele ezihlobene ne-hormone ezingase zithinte izithombe.

Nakhu okufanele ukwenze ukuze ulungiselele:

• Hlela i-MRI yakho ezinsukwini eziyi-7-14 zomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini uma usengaphambi kokuya esikhathini
• Gwema i-caffeine amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho
• Ungasebenzisi i-deodorant, i-lotion, noma impushana endaweni yesifuba sakho
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezingenazo izinto zensimbi
• Susa yonke imihlobiso, amawashi, nezinto zokuhlobisa izinwele ezinensimbi
• Tshela udokotela wakho ngemithi oyithathayo
• Yazisa ithimba lakho uma unezinkinga zezinso noma ukungezwani komzimba

Uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngezindawo ezivaliwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Bangase bakunikeze imithi yokuthulisa ukukusiza ukuba uphumule ngesikhathi senqubo. Ezinye izikhungo nazo zinikeza imishini ye-MRI evulekile ezizwa zingakhinyabi kangako.

Qiniseka ukuthi udla ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho enikeza imiyalelo ehlukile. Ukuhlala unamanzi nakho kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma uzothola umbala ohlukile.

Ungazifunda kanjani i-MRI yakho yebele?

Ukufunda imiphumela ye-MRI yebele kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, ngakho-ke i-radiologist izohumusha izithombe zakho bese ithumela umbiko onemininingwane kudokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho uzobe esechaza okutholakele kuwe ngamagama aqondakalayo futhi axoxe ukuthi asho ukuthini empilweni yakho.

Imiphumela ye-MRI yebele ngokuvamile ichaza ukubukeka, usayizi, nezici zanoma yiziphi izindawo ezikhathazayo. I-radiologist ibheka amaphethini endleleni izicubu ezihlukene ezibukeka ngayo ezithombeni nokuthi zisabela kanjani kumbala ohlukile uma usetshenzisiwe.

Umbiko wakho we-MRI uzofaka imininingwane mayelana:

• Ukubukeka okuvamile kwezicubu zebele nokulingana
• Noma iyiphi imiqulu, amajumba, noma izindawo zezicubu ezingavamile
• Ukuthi izindawo zithatha futhi zikhiphe ngokushesha kangakanani umbala ohlukile
• Usayizi nendawo yanoma yikuphi okutholakele okusolisayo
• Ukuqhathaniswa nokuskena kwe-MRI kwangaphambilini uma kutholakala
• Izincomo zokulandela noma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe

Imiphumela ejwayelekileyo ikhombisa izicubu zebele ezibukeka zifana nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezilindelekile ekuminyaneni nasekuhlelekeni. Noma yiziphi izindawo ezibukeka zihlukile ezicutshini eziqhamukayo noma eziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile ngodayi ohlukile zizoqashelwa futhi zichazwe ngemininingwane.

Uma i-MRI yakho ikhombisa izindawo ezisolisayo, lokhu akusho ngokushesha ukuthi umdlavuza. Ukungajwayeleki okuningi kwamabele akuyona imidlavuza, kodwa udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo ezinjenge-biopsy ukuze kunqunywe ngqo ukuthi yini ekhathazayo.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi zokudinga i-Breast MRI?

Izici eziningana zikhuphula amathuba akho okudinga ukuhlolwa kwe-breast MRI noma ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuqapha impilo yamabele akho.

Isici esiyingozi esinamandla kakhulu ukuba nengozi ephakeme kakhulu yokuphila yomdlavuza wamabele. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuba nethuba elingu-20-25% noma eliphezulu lokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamabele phakathi nokuphila kwakho, okuvame ukunqunywa ngezinsiza zokuhlola ubungozi nokwelulekwa ngofuzo.

Izici eziyingozi ezivamile ezingaholela ezincomweni ze-breast MRI zihlanganisa:

• Ukuthwala ukuguqulwa kofuzo kwe-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2
• Umlando womndeni onamandla womdlavuza wamabele noma we-ovari
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yesifuba yangaphambilini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobusha
• Izifo ezithile zofuzo njenge-Li-Fraumeni noma i-Cowden syndrome
• Ukuba nezicubu zamabele eziminyene kakhulu
• Umlando womuntu siqu womdlavuza wamabele
• Izilonda zamabele eziyingozi ezitholwe kuma-biopsy angaphambilini

Iminyaka yakho nayo idlala indima ezincomweni ze-MRI. Izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlola eziyingozi ziqala i-breast MRI yonyaka cishe ngeminyaka engama-25-30 kwabesifazane abanezinguquko zofuzo, nakuba lokhu kuhluka ngokuya ngomlando womndeni nezinye izici.

Abanye besifazane bangase badinge i-MRI yamabele yokuxilonga ngisho nangaphandle kwezinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimo lapho ama-mammograms noma ama-ultrasounds ekhombisa imiphumela engacacile, noma lapho odokotela bedinga imininingwane enemininingwane ngaphambi kokuhlela ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nemiphumela ye-MRI yamabele ejwayelekile noma engajwayelekile?

Imiphumela ye-MRI yamabele ejwayelekile ngokuqinisekile ingcono, njengoba ikhomba ukuthi izicubu zamabele akho zibukeka zinempilo ngaphandle kwezimpawu zomdlavuza noma ezinye izinto ezingajwayelekile ezibalulekile. Imiphumela ejwayelekile inikeza ukuthula kwengqondo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yakho yamanje yokuphatha impilo yamabele isebenza kahle.

Imiphumela ye-MRI ejwayelekile ikhombisa izicubu zamabele ezibukeka zifana futhi zilingana, ezinokuhlukahluka okulindelekile ekuminyaneni nasekuhlelekeni. Uma wenza i-MRI yokuhlola ngenxa yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu, imiphumela ejwayelekile isho ukuthi ungaqhubeka nohlelo lwakho olujwayelekile lokuqapha.

Nokho, imiphumela engajwayelekile akudingeki ibangele ukukhathazeka. Izinto eziningi ezingajwayelekile ze-MRI yamabele ziphenduka zibe yizimo ezingenasici njengama-cysts, ama-fibroadenomas, noma izindawo zezicubu ezijwayelekile ezibukeka zingajwayelekile ekuthwebuleni kodwa ezingeyona ingozi.

Lapho imiphumela ye-MRI ikhombisa ukungajwayelekile, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuncoma izinyathelo ezifanele zokulandela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthwebula okwengeziwe, izinqubo ze-biopsy, noma ukumane uqaphe indawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ubone ukuthi iyashintsha yini.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zemiphumela ye-MRI yamabele engajwayelekile?

Imiphumela ye-MRI yamabele engajwayelekile ingaholela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zezinkinga, nakuba eziningi zitholakala ngokuphathwa kahle kwezokwelapha. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela engajwayelekile ikhomba umdlavuza wamabele, ikakhulukazi uma itholwa esigabeni esithuthukile.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezihambisana nokutholwa kwe-MRI yamabele okungajwayelekile zihlanganisa isidingo sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okungadala ukukhathazeka nomthwalo wezezimali. Imiphumela engamanga emihle, lapho i-MRI ikhombisa izindawo ezisolisayo eziphenduka zibe ngobuhle, ingabangela ukukhathazeka okungadingekile futhi iholele ezinqubweni ezengeziwe.

Izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yemiphumela engajwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ngenkathi ulinde ezinye izivivinyo
• Isidingo sokuhlinzwa kwe-biopsy yamabele ukuze kutholwe ukuxilongwa okuqondile
• Amathuba emiphumela engamanga edinga ezinye izithombe
• Ukutholwa komdlavuza wamabele odinga ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa ngokushesha
• Ukutholwa kwezilonda eziyingozi ezingase zidinge ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa
• Isidingo sokuqapha kaningi nokuqokwa okulandelayo

Ezimweni ezingavamile, imiphumela engajwayelekile ye-MRI ingase iveze imidlavuza yamabele enonya esisabalale kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni ngokuhlola nge-MRI kungavimbela ngempela lezi zinkinga ezingathi sína ngokubamba umdlavuza ezigabeni zawo zokuqala.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele wesimanje kusebenza kahle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi ngokusebenzisa izithombe ezinjenge-MRI. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza nawe ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele kakhulu uma umdlavuza utholakala.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemiphumela ye-Breast MRI?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ungazizwanga ngemiphumela ye-breast MRI yakho phakathi nesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemuva kwenqubo yakho. Izikhungo eziningi zinikeza imiphumela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ukulinda isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile kungakhuphula ukukhathazeka ngokungadingekile.

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzokushayela ucingo ngemiphumela noma ahlele ukuqokwa okulandelayo ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela mathupha. Uma imiphumela ijwayelekile, ungase uthole ucingo olufushane noma incwadi. Uma kutholakala okungajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuhlangana nawe ukuze achaze imiphumela futhi axoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo:

• Awutholanga imiphumela kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngemuva kwe-MRI yakho
• Uthola imininingwane edidayo noma engaphelele ngemiphumela yakho
• Utshelwa ukuthi udinga ezinye izivivinyo kodwa awunikezwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezicacile
• Uba nezimpawu ezintsha zamabele ngenkathi ulinde imiphumela
• Unokukhathazeka noma imibuzo ngemiphumela yakho engazange iphendulwe

Unganqikazi ukucela ukucaciselwa uma ungaqondi imiphumela yakho. Ithimba lakho lezempilo kufanele lichaze okutholakele ngamagama ongaqonda ngawo futhi likusize uzizwe uqiniseka nganoma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo okunconyiwe.

Uma i-MRI yakho ikhombisa ukungajwayelekile okudinga i-biopsy noma ezinye izivivinyo, buza ngesikhathi nokuthi okulindelekile. Ukuqonda inqubo kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngokushesha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa nge-Breast MRI

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Breast MRI kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza wamabele?

Yebo, i-breast MRI ilungele ukuthola umdlavuza wamabele, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu. Ingathola imidlavuza engase iphuthelwe yi-mammograms kanye ne-ultrasounds, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zamabele eziqinile noma izici zofuzo ezibenza bathambekele emdlavuzeni wamabele.

I-Breast MRI ithola cishe ama-90-95% emidlavuza yamabele kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga okutholwa angama-40-60% nge-mammography kuphela kulabo bantu. Lokhu kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abane-BRCA mutations noma umlando womndeni oqinile womdlavuza wamabele.

Q.2 Ingabe ukuminyana kwamabele okuphezulu kubangela imiphumela engajwayelekile ye-MRI?

Izicubu zamabele eziqinile ngokwazo azibangeli imiphumela engajwayelekile ye-MRI, kodwa zingenza ukuhumusha kube yinselele. I-MRI empeleni ingcono kune-mammography ekuboneni ezicutshini eziqinile, yingakho ivame ukunconywa kwabesifazane abanomzimba wamabele oqinile kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, izicubu eziqinile ngezinye izikhathi zingadala izindawo ezibukeka ziyingozi ku-MRI kodwa empeleni zijwayelekile. Yingakho odokotela abangochwepheshe ekuthwebuleni amabele behumusha imiphumela ye-MRI yamabele ukuze bahlukanise phakathi kwezicubu ezijwayelekile eziqinile kanye nokutholakele okungajwayelekile ngempela.

Q.3 Ngingaba ne-Breast MRI uma nginezithako zamabele?

Yebo, ungenza i-MRI yamabele ngezithako, futhi empeleni ingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlola ubuqotho bezithako nokuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga. I-MRI ingathola ukuvuza kwezithako, ukuqhekeka, noma ezinye izinkinga ezingase zingabonakali ngemva kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Inqubo ye-MRI iyafana noma ngabe unezithako noma cha, nakuba udokotela ozosebenzisa uchungechunge oluthile lokuthwebula olwenzelwe ukuhlola kokubili izicubu zakho zemvelo zamabele kanye nezithako ngokwazo.

Q.4 Ngingakanani kufanele ngibe nokuhlolwa kwe-Breast MRI?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-MRI yamabele kuncike ezingozini zakho ngazinye. Abesifazane abanezinkinga eziphezulu ngokuvamile baba ne-MRI yamabele yonyaka eqala cishe ngeminyaka engama-25-30, ngokuvamile beshintshana nama-mammograms njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuze kuhlolwe ngokugcwele.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokuhlolwa esenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo esisekelwe emiphumeleni yakho yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo, umlando womndeni, nezinye izici eziyingozi. Abanye besifazane bangase badinge i-MRI minyaka yonke, kanti abanye bangase bayidinge ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngezinhloso ezithile zokuxilonga.

Q.5 Kwenzekani uma i-Breast MRI yami ikhombisa okuthile okusolisayo?

Uma i-MRI yakho yamabele ikhombisa izindawo ezisolisayo, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi lokho okutholakele kusho ukuthini. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela i-biopsy yamabele, lapho isampula elincane lezicubu lithathwa endaweni esolisayo ukuze ihlolwe ebhokisini.

Okuningi okutholakele kwe-MRI okusolisayo kuvela ukuthi akuyona ingozi, kodwa i-biopsy iyona kuphela indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokuqondisa kuyo yonke inqubo futhi linikeze ukusekelwa kuyo yonke imininingwane eyengeziwe engase idingeke.