Yini i-Cardiac Catheterization? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

I-Cardiac catheterization iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho udokotela wakho efaka khona ishubhu elincane, eliguquguqukayo elibizwa nge-catheter enhliziyweni yakho ngomthambo wegazi. Le ndlela encane yokuhlasela ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani futhi bahlole noma yiziphi izinkinga ngemithambo yakho yegazi noma ama-valve enhliziyo.

Cabanga ngayo njengokunikeza udokotela wakho imephu enemininingwane yesimo senhliziyo yakho. Le nqubo isiza ukuxilonga izinkinga zenhliziyo futhi ingelapha ngisho nezimo ezithile khona lapho, okwenza kube yithuluzi lokuxilonga nenketho yokwelapha.

Yini i-cardiac catheterization?

I-Cardiac catheterization iyinqubo evumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-cardiologist ifaka i-catheter encane ngomthambo wegazi engalweni yakho, esihlakaleni, noma emgodini bese iyihola enhliziyweni yakho.

I-catheter isebenza njengekhamera encane kanye nethuluzi elihlanganisiwe. Uma ifinyelela enhliziyweni yakho, udokotela wakho angajova umbala ohlukile ukuze enze imithambo yakho yegazi ibonakale ezithombeni ze-X-ray. Lokhu kudala izithombe ezinemininingwane ezibonisa ngqo ukuthi igazi lihamba kanjani enhliziyweni yakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-cardiac catheterization. Eyokuqala yi-diagnostic catheterization, egxile ekuqoqeni ulwazi mayelana nesimo senhliziyo yakho. Eyesibili yi-interventional catheterization, lapho odokotela bengakwazi ngempela ukulungisa izinkinga abazithola ngesikhathi senqubo.

Kungani kwenziwa i-cardiac catheterization?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-cardiac catheterization ukuze athole umfanekiso ocacile wokuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi enhliziyweni yakho. Le nqubo ingaxilonga izimo ezingase ziphuthelwe ezinye izivivinyo noma zinikeze ulwazi olungaphelele.

Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuhlola isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, esenzeka lapho imithambo enikezela ngegazi enhliziyweni yakho incipha noma ivaleka. Udokotela wakho angabona kahle ukuthi ukuvaleka kutholakala kuphi nokuthi kubi kangakanani.

Nazi ezinye izizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani le nqubo ingase incomwe:

• Ukuvakashela ubuhlungu besifuba obungachazwanga ezinye izivivinyo
• Ukuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphampa kahle kangakanani igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukuhlola izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo nokunquma ukuthi ziyalungiswa yini
• Ukuphenya izigqi zenhliziyo ezingavamile noma izinkinga zikagesi
• Ukuhlola umonakalo ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Ukuhlola ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho owazalwa nakho
• Ukwala ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwamagumbi enhliziyo yakho

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angasebenzisa le nqubo ukuze alungise izinkinga ngokushesha. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuvula imithambo evaliwe ngebhaluni noma ukubeka ishubhu elincane lemesh elibizwa nge-stent ukuze kugcinwe imithambo ivulekile.

Iyini inqubo yokufaka i-catheter yenhliziyo?

Inqubo yokufaka i-catheter yenhliziyo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-30 emahoreni amaningana, kuye ngokuthi udokotela wakho udinga ukwenzani. Uzobe uvukile ngesikhathi senqubo, kodwa uzothola imithi yokukusiza uphumule futhi uzizwe ukhululekile.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuthulisa indawo lapho i-catheter izofakwa khona, ngokuvamile emgodini wakho, esihlakaleni, noma engalweni. Ungase uzwe ukucinana okuncane lapho umuthi wokuthulisa ufakwa, kodwa akufanele uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-catheter.

Nakhu okwenzekayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesikhathi senqubo:

1. Uzoqala ukulala etafuleni le-X-ray futhi uxhunywe kuma-monitor aqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nomfutho wegazi
2. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukuhlanza futhi aqede ubuhlungu endaweni okuzofakwa kuyo
3. Kwenziwa ukusikeka okuncane, bese kufakwa ishubhu elincanyana elibizwa ngokuthi i-sheath emthanjeni wakho wegazi
4. I-catheter ifakwa nge-sheath futhi iqondiswe enhliziyweni yakho kusetshenziswa isiqondiso se-X-ray
5. Umbala wokugcwalisa ufakwa nge-catheter ukuze kwenze imithambo yakho yenhliziyo ibonakale
6. Izithombe ze-X-ray zithathwa ngama-engeli ahlukene ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe esiphelele
7. Uma ukwelashwa kudingeka, kungenziwa nge-catheter efanayo
8. I-catheter ne-sheath ziyasuswa, futhi kufakwa ingcindezi ukuze kumiswe noma yikuphi ukopha

Ngesikhathi senqubo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela futhi likugcine unolwazi ngalokho okwenzekayo. Ungase uzwe ingcindezi ethile lapho kufakwa i-catheter, kodwa abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi inqubo inethezekile kakhulu kunalokho ababekulindele.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukufakwa kwe-catheter enhliziyweni yakho?

Ukulungiselela ukufakwa kwe-catheter enhliziyweni kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ezisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwakho nempumelelo yenqubo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye, kodwa kuneziqondiso ezithile ezijwayelekile ezisebenza kubantu abaningi.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokulungiselela ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukugwema ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-12 ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nakuba udokotela wakho ezokunikeza isikhathi esiqondile ngokusekelwe ekutheni inqubo yakho ihlelelwe nini.

Nawa amasu okuzilungiselela okudingeka ukulandele:

• Misa ukudla nokuphuza ngesikhathi esibekiwe ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho
• Thatha imithi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngenye indlela
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemuva kwenqubo
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezilula
• Susa ubucwebe, amalensi okuxhumana, namazinyo okwenziwa ngaphambi kwenqubo
• Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba, ikakhulukazi kumbala ohlukile noma i-iodine
• Tshela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo
• Yazisa udokotela wakho uma kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe

Udokotela wakho angase futhi akucele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile ngaphambi kwenqubo, ikakhulukazi ama-blood thinners. Kodwa-ke, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi enqunyiwe ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngayo kuqala nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Kuyasiza futhi ukuzilungiselela ngokwengqondo inqubo. Buza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngaphambili, futhi khumbula ukuthi le yinqubo ejwayelekile, ephephile esiza odokotela ukuthi banakekele kangcono inhliziyo yakho.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-cardiac catheterization?

Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho ye-cardiac catheterization kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela wakho uzochaza okutholakele ngemininingwane, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ingxoxo.

Into esemqoka udokotela wakho ayibhekayo ukuthi igazi lihamba kahle kangakanani ngemithambo yakho ye-coronary. Imithambo ejwayelekile kufanele ibe bushelelezi futhi ivuleke kakhulu, ivumele igazi ukuthi lihambe ngokukhululeka ukuze ondle imisipha yenhliziyo yakho.

Imiphumela yakho ngokuvamile izohlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nezindawo eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-coronary nokuthi kubi kangakanani (kulinganiswa ngamaphesenti)
• Ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani futhi ipompa igazi
• Izilinganiso zengcindezi ngaphakathi emakamelweni enhliziyo yakho
• Isimo samavalvu enhliziyo yakho
• Umsebenzi wenhliziyo wonke kanye namaphethini okuhamba kwegazi

Uma kutholakala ukuvaleka, ngokuvamile kuchazwa ngamaphesenti. Ukuvaleka okungaphansi kuka-50% kuvame ukubhekwa njengokungathi sína, kuyilapho ukuvaleka okungu-70% noma ngaphezulu kubhekwa njengokubalulekile futhi kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola futhi i-ejection fraction yakho, elinganisela ukuthi ingakanani igazi inhliziyo yakho elikhipha ngokuqina ngakunye. I-ejection fraction ejwayelekile ivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-55% no-70%, nakuba lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngesimo sakho.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-cardiac catheterization?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okudinga i-cardiac catheterization, nakuba ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi ngokuqinisekile uzodinga le nqubo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Izici eziyingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlobene nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo, okuyisizathu esivame kakhulu se-cardiac catheterization. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili izici ongazilawula nezinto ongeke ukwazi ukuzilawula.

Nazi izici eziyingozi eziyinhloko ezingaholela ekudingeni le nqubo:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongaphathwa kahle
• Amazinga e-cholesterol aphezulu, ikakhulukazi i-LDL (embi) cholesterol
• Isifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi
• Umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala
• Ukuphila impilo yokunganyakazi
• Ukucindezeleka okungapheli noma ukucindezeleka
• Ubudala (ingozi iyanda ngobudala, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-45 yamadoda kanye nama-55 yabesifazane)

Ezinye izici eziyingozi ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuba nomkhuhlane womoya, izifo ezithile ze-autoimmune, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe esifubeni. Abantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo abazalwa nazo bangase badinge i-cardiac catheterization ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwabo.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi eziningi zalezi zici eziyingozi zingashintshwa ngezinguquko zokuphila kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze ulawule lezi zici kungasiza ukuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Ziziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-cardiac catheterization?

Ngenkathi i-cardiac catheterization ngokuvamile iphephile kakhulu, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, inezingozi ezithile. Iningi labantu alinawo ubunzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini engase yenzeke.

Izinkinga eziningi zincane futhi zesikhashana. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zihlobene nendawo yokufaka lapho kufakwe khona i-catheter, njengokulimala noma ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane.

Nazi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, kusukela kwezivamile kakhulu:

• Ukulimala noma i-hematoma encane endaweni yokufaka
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okuncane okuyeka ngengcindezi
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kwesikhashana ngesikhathi senqubo
• Ukuphendula komzimba ngaphandle kokulawuleka kumbala ohlukile (ngokuvamile kulula)
• Izinkinga zesikhashana zezinso ezivela kumbala ohlukile
• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokufaka
• Umonakalo emthanjeni wegazi osetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwe-catheter
• Amahlule egazi akheka ku-catheter

Izinkinga ezinzima azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, unhlangothi, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wezinqubo futhi kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu asebenesifo senhliziyo esibi.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa lezi zingozi, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha ngokucophelela kuyo yonke inqubo nokukhetha indlela ephephe kakhulu yesimo sakho ngasinye. Bazophinde baxoxe ngezici zakho eziyingozi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kwe-cardiac catheterization?

Ngemva kwe-cardiac catheterization yakho, uzothola imiyalelo ethile mayelana nokuthi ungaxhumana nini nodokotela wakho. Abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokushesha, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zibonise inkinga.

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga endaweni yokufaka noma kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Ngenkathi izimpawu eziningi ngemva kwenqubo zivamile, ezinye zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ukuphuma igazi okwedlulele endaweni yokufaka okungami ngengcindezi
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane, ububomvu, noma ukufudumala endaweni yokufaka
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokufaka
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphefumula okuncane okusha noma okuba kubi
• Ukuqaqamba noma ukuluma engalweni noma emlenzeni lapho kufakwe khona ikhathitha
• Ushintsho lombala noma izinga lokushisa lomkhawuko osetshenziselwe ukufaka ikhathitha
• Isiyezi noma ukuquleka
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo

Kufanele futhi uhlele ukuqokwa okulandelayo nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo ukuze nixoxe ngemiphumela yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izincomo zokwelashwa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya evikini ngemuva kwenqubo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukungakhululeki okuncane, ukuqina, noma ukukhathala kuvamile ngemuva kwenqubo. Kodwa-ke, uma ungabaza, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokufakwa kwekhethitha yenhliziyo

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kokufakwa kwekhethitha yenhliziyo kulungile ekuxilongeni izinkinga zenhliziyo?

Yebo, ukufakwa kwekhethitha yenhliziyo kuthathwa njengezinga legolide lokuxilonga isifo semithambo yenhliziyo kanye nezinye izimo eziningi zenhliziyo. Inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane kakhulu nezinembile yemithambo yakho yenhliziyo nomsebenzi wenhliziyo.

Le nqubo ingathola ukuvaleka, ilinganise ukucindezela, futhi ihlole ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ngezindlela ezinye izivivinyo ezingakwazi ukuzenza. Ngenkathi izivivinyo ezingahlaseli njengokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka noma ama-CT scan kungase kusikisela izinkinga, ukufakwa kwekhethitha yenhliziyo kunikeza odokotela imininingwane eqinisekile abayidingayo ukuze benze izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Ingabe ukufakwa kwekhethitha yenhliziyo kubuhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo?

Abantu abaningi bayamangala ukuthi inqubo inethezeke kangakanani. Uzothola i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze uqede indawo yokufaka, ngakho akufanele uzwe ubuhlungu lapho kufakwa ikhathitha.

Ungase uzwe ukucindezela okuthile noma umuzwa ofudumele lapho umbala ohlukile ufakwa, kodwa lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kungokwesikhashana. Abantu abaningi babika ukuthi le nqubo yayingakhululekile kangako kunalokho ababekulindele.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-cardiac catheterization?

Isikhathi sokululama sincike endaweni yokufaka eyasetshenziswa nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukwelashwa okwenziwe. Uma i-catheter ifakwe ngesihlakala sakho, ngokuvamile ungaqala kabusha imisebenzi ejwayelekile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Uma i-groin isetshenzisiwe, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphumule izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi ugweme ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2-3, nakuba udokotela wakho ezokunikeza imihlahlandlela ethile esekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ingabe i-cardiac catheterization ingavimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Ngenkathi i-cardiac catheterization ngokwayo ingavimbeli ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ingakwazi ukuhlonza izinkinga ezithi, uma zelashwa, zinciphise kakhulu ingozi yakho. Uma kutholakala ukuvaleka okukhulu, ngokuvamile kungelashwa ngokushesha nge-angioplasty kanye nokufakwa kwe-stent.

Le nqubo futhi isiza odokotela ukuthi bathuthukise uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelashwa esimweni sakho esithile, okungase kuhlanganise imithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, noma ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okungavimbela izinkinga zenhliziyo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ingabe i-cardiac catheterization iphephile kubantu abadala?

Yebo, i-cardiac catheterization ngokuvamile iphephile kubantu abadala, nakuba izingozi zingase zibe phezulu kancane kunabantu abasebancane. Ubudala bodwa akuyona isizathu sokugwema le nqubo uma idingeka ngokwezokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela impilo yakho yonke futhi axoxe ngezinzuzo nezingozi nawe. Abantu abadala abaningi benza le nqubo ngokuphepha futhi bazuza kakhulu kulwazi oluhlinzekayo mayelana nempilo yabo yenhliziyo.