Kuyini Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo? Inhloso, Inqubo & Ukululama

Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kuyinqubo ejwayelekile, ephephile esusa ilensi enamafu emehlweni akho bese iyifaka enye ecacile yokwenziwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlela kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-15-30 futhi kungathuthukisa kakhulu umbono wakho lapho ama-cataracts eqala ukuthinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Uma ucabangela ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo noma utshelwe ukuthi uyakudinga, cishe uzizwa uxubene nethemba nokukhathazeka. Lokho kujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Ake sihambe kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngale nqubo eguqula impilo.

Kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo?

Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kususa ilensi yemvelo enamafu yamehlo akho bese kuyifaka enye ecacile yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-intraocular lens (IOL). Cabanga ngayo njengokufaka esikhundleni sewindi elinamazolo ngelinye elicacile.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa yi-ophthalmologist esebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-phacoemulsification. Ngesikhathi sale nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikwa okuncane emehlweni akho futhi asebenzise amaza e-ultrasound ukuze aqhekeze ilensi enamafu ibe yizicucu ezincane. Lezi zicucu bese zithathwa ngobumnene, futhi ilensi entsha yokwenziwa ifakwa esikhundleni sayo.

Abantu abaningi bayamangala ukuthi inqubo ishesha futhi inethezeke kangakanani. Uzobe uvukile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kodwa iso lakho lizobe linganambitheki ngokuphelele ngenxa yamaconsi e-anesthetic. Iziguli eziningi zibika ukuzwa ukungakhululeki okuncane noma okungasho lutho ngesikhathi senqubo yangempela.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo?

Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kunconywa uma ama-cataracts ephazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yakho. Isinqumo asisekelwe ekutheni ama-cataracts akho abukeka “emabi” kangakanani, kodwa ekutheni athinta kangakanani okubalulekile kuwe.

Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlinzwa uma uhlangabezana nalezi zinkinga zombono:

• Ukuhluleka ukufunda, ngisho nangamalensi
• Ubunzima bokubona ebusuku noma ekukhanyeni okuncane
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhulu noma ukukhanya
• Imibala ebonakala iphelile noma iphuzi
• Ukubona kabili kwiso elilodwa
• Ushintsho oluvamile ekunikezelweni kwamalensi akho

Inhloso ukukusiza ukuthi ubone kahle futhi ukuze uqhubeke wenza izinto ozithandayo. Noma ngabe ukufunda, ukushayela, ukupheka, noma ukuchitha isikhathi nomndeni, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kungakubuyisela inkululeko yakho nokuzethemba kwakho.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlinzwa kungase kunconywe ngisho noma umbono wakho ungathintekile kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-cataracts eminyene kangangokuthi udokotela wakho akakwazi ukubona ngemuva kweso lakho ukuze ahlole ezinye izimo ezinjenge-glaucoma noma i-macular degeneration.

Yini inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwamehlo?

Ukuhlinzwa kwangempela kulandela inqubo eqondile, esungulwe kahle evame ukuthatha imizuzu engu-15-30. Uzofika esikhungweni sokuhlinzwa cishe ihora ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho yokulungiselela.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwakho:

1. Indawo yeso lakho ihlanzwa futhi ithuliswe ngamaconsi e-anesthetic
2. Ukunqunywa okuncane (cishe ama-millimeter angu-2-3) kwenziwa e-cornea
3. Ingxenye engaphambili ye-lens capsule isuswa ngokucophelela
4. Amandla e-Ultrasound aphula ilensi elinamafu libe yizicucu ezincane
5. Izingxenye zelensi zithathwa ngobumnene
6. Ilensi elisha lokwenziwa lifakwa futhi libekwe
7. Ukunqunywa ngokuvamile kuzivala ngokwako ngaphandle kokuthunga

Uzonikezwa i-sedative elula ukukusiza ukuthi uphumule, kodwa uzohlala uvukile kuyo yonke inqubo. Iziguli eziningi zithola ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kulula kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile. Ungase ubone amanye amalambu nokunyakaza, kodwa ngeke uzwe buhlungu.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, uzophumula cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuthi uye ekhaya. Uzodinga umuntu okushayelayo, njengoba umbono wakho uzoba mnyama ekuqaleni futhi ungase uzizwe ukozile kancane ngenxa ye-sedative.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa kwakho kwamehlo?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula ezisiza ukuqinisekisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izidingo, ngakho-ke uzozizwa uqinisekile futhi ukulungele.

Emasontweni ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, uzodinga ukuthi:

• Uqedele izilinganiso zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kweso lakho
• Xoxa ngezinketho zakho zelensi nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo
• Buyekeza imithi yakho yamanje nodokotela wakho
• Lungiselela ukuthuthwa ukuya nokubuya esikhungweni sokuhlinzwa
• Hlela ukuthatha izinsuku eziyi-1-2 ezingasebenzi noma imisebenzi ejwayelekile

Udokotela wakho uzokala iso lakho ukuze anqume amandla afanele elensi yakho entsha. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekufezeni umbono ongcono kakhulu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Uzophinda uxoxe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-lens okwenziwa futhi ukhethe leyo evumelana kangcono nendlela yakho yokuphila nemigomo yombono.

Ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa, uzoqala ukusebenzisa amaconsi eso e-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Ngosuku lokuhlinzwa, ungapheki noma ungaphuza lutho ngemuva kwamabili ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekunika imiyalelo ehlukile. Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile futhi gwema ukugqoka izimonyo, ubucwebe, noma amalensi okuxhumana.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlinzwa kwamehlo?

Ukwenza ngcono umbono wakho ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo kwenzeka kancane kancane, futhi ukuqonda okulindelekile kungakusiza ukuthi ulandelele inqubekela phambili yakho. Abantu abaningi baqaphela umbono ocacile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo emasontweni ambalwa.

Nakhu ukuthi umugqa wakho wesikhathi wokululama ubukeka kanjani:

• Usuku 1: Umbono uyabuna kodwa ungabona ukukhanya nobujamo
• Iviki 1: Imibala ibonakala iqhakazile futhi umbono uqala ukucaca
• Iviki 2-4: Umbono uqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi uzinze
• Inyanga 1-3: Imiphumela yokugcina yombono iba sobala

Udktela wakho uzohlola umbono wakho ekuqokweni okulandelayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuphola okufanele. Abantu abaningi bathola umbono ongu-20/20 noma 20/25 ngemva kokuhlinzwa, nakuba umbono wakho wokugcina uncike empilweni yamehlo akho kanye nohlobo lwelensi olukhethile.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka usadinga izibuko zemisebenzi ethile, ikakhulukazi ukufunda, ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo. Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi akusho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa akusebenzanga. Ilensi yakho entsha yokwenziwa ngokuvamile isethwe ukubona ibanga, ngakho izibuko zokufunda zingase zidingeke emsebenzini oseduze.

Ungalinakekela kanjani iso lakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Ukunakekelwa okufanele ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi iso lakho liphola kahle futhi uthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu yombono. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukunakekela iso lakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kuqondile, futhi abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula kunalokho abebelindele.

Ukunakekelwa kwakho kokululama kufaka lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:

• Sebenzisa amaconsi amehlo abekiwe ngendlela eqondile
• Gqoka isihlangu sokuvikela iso ngenkathi ulele isonto elilodwa
• Gwema ukukhuhla noma ukucindezela iso lakho
• Gwema ukungena kwamanzi esweni lakho isonto elilodwa
• Gwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo noma imisebenzi eqinile amasonto amabili
• Hambela konke ukuqokwa okulandelayo nodokotela wakho

Uzosebenzisa amaconsi amehlo e-antibiotic kanye nama-anti-inflammatory amasonto amaningana ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lawa maconsi avimbela ukutheleleka futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala njengoba iso lakho liphola. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isimiso esithile okufanele usilandele.

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini evamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa uzodinga ukugwema ukubhukuda, ama-hot tubs, nokuthola insipho noma i-shampoo esweni lakho cishe isonto elilodwa. Ukuqhuba imoto kuvamile ukuthi kulungile uma umbono wakho usucacile ngokwanele ukubona ngokuphepha, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Yini umphumela ongcono kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract?

Umphumela ongcono kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo e-cataract kusho ukuthola umbono ocacile, okhululekile okukuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi oyithandayo. Kubantu abaningi, lokhu kusho ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekhwalithi yempilo yabo nenkululeko.

Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo e-cataract okuphumelelayo kuvamile ukuhlinzeka:

• Umbono ocacile, obukhali wemisebenzi ebangeni elide
• Ukuqonda umbala okuthuthukisiwe nokuqhathanisa
• Ukunciphisa ukukhanya nokuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Umbono ongcono ebusuku
• Ukwanda kokuzethemba emisebenzini yansuku zonke

Cishe u-95% wabantu abahlinzwa i-cataract bathola umbono ongcono. Iningi lithola umbono ongu-20/20 kuya ku-20/40, okwanele imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke okuhlanganisa nokushayela. Umphumela oqondile uncike empilweni yamehlo akho kanye nohlobo lwelensi yokwenziwa olukhethayo.

Abanye abantu bakhetha amalensi e-premium anganciphisa ukuncika ezingilazini zamehlo zombili ibanga nokufunda. Abanye bakhetha amalensi ajwayelekile anezingilazi zamehlo zokufunda. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokusiza ukhethe inketho evumelana kangcono nendlela yakho yokuphila kanye nokulindela kwakho.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuhlinzwa kwamehlo e-cataract?

Ngenkathi ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo e-cataract kungenye yezinqubo eziphephile ezenziwa namuhla, izici ezithile zingakhuphula kancane ingozi yakho yezinkinga. Ukuqonda lezi zici kukusiza kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi nithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele.

Izici ezivamile ezingase zikhuphule izingozi zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa:

• Ama-cataract athuthuke kakhulu noma aqinile
• Ukwelashwa kwamehlo kwangaphambilini noma ukuhlinzwa
• Ezinye izimo zamehlo njenge-glaucoma noma i-macular degeneration
• Isifo sikashukela noma ezinye izimo zempilo ezihlelekile
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile efana ne-alpha-blockers
• Ukungaboni kahle kakhulu

Ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuhlinzwa ngempumelelo. Kumane kusho ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo uzothatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe futhi angashintsha indlela yokuhlinza. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngesimo sakho esithile futhi achaze noma yiziphi izinto ezengeziwe okufanele zicatshangelwe.

Izinkinga ezingavamile odokotela abazibhekile zihlanganisa ukutheleleka, ukopha, noma izinkinga ngesimo selensi yokwenziwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wokuhlinzwa, futhi okuningi kungelashwa ngempumelelo uma kwenzeka.

Ingabe kungcono ukuhlinzwa i-cataract ngokushesha noma kamuva?

Isikhathi sokuhlinzwa i-cataract sincike ekutheni izinkinga zakho zombono zithinta kangakanani impilo yakho yansuku zonke, hhayi ekutheni ama-cataract akho "avuthiwe" kangakanani. Lesi yisinqumo somuntu siqu ozosenza nodokotela wakho ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila.

Ungase ucabange ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha uma:

• Izinkinga zakho zombono ziphazamisa umsebenzi noma izinto ozithandayo
• Uzizwa ungenaso isiqiniseko sokushayela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Ukufunda noma ukubuka i-TV sekunzima
• Uba nokuwa noma izingozi ngenxa yombono
• Umyalo wakho wezingilazi ushintsha njalo

Akukho okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha okudingeka ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kwalapho ama-cataract akho eminyene kakhulu noma ebanga ezinye izinkinga zamehlo. Abantu abaningi balinda kuze kube yilapho umbono wabo uthinta kakhulu izinga lempilo yabo ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuhlinzwa.

Nokho, ukulinda isikhathi eside kungenza ukuhlinzwa kube nzima kancane uma ama-cataract eba nzima kakhulu futhi eminyene. Udokotela ohlinzayo angakusiza ukuthi unqume isikhathi esifanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho kanye nezintandokazi zakho.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlinzwa i-cataract?

Ngenkathi ukuhlinzwa i-cataract kuphephile ngendlela emangalisayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingaba khona ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi. Izinga lezinkinga lonke liphansi kakhulu, lenzeka ngaphansi kuka-2% wokuhlinzwa.

Izinkinga ezincane ezivamile ezivame ukuzixazulula zodwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhashana noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukungakhululeki okuncane noma umuzwa wokuklwebheka
• Ukwanda kwesikhashana kwengcindezi yamehlo
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni izinsuku ezimbalwa
• Izimpawu zamehlo omile

Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zithuthuka phakathi kwezinsuku kuya emavikini futhi akuvamile ukuthi zibange izinkinga eziqhubekayo. Amaconsi amehlo akho abekiwe asiza ukunciphisa le miphumela.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya:

• Ukutheleleka ngaphakathi kweso (i-endophthalmitis)
• Ukuhlukana kwe-retinal
• Ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwe-cornea
• Ukuphuma kwelensi yokwenziwa
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu noma ukuphuma kwegazi

Lezi zinkinga zenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wokuhlinzwa futhi ngokuvamile zingelashwa ngempumelelo uma zenzeka. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokuqapha eduze ngesikhathi sokululama ukuze abambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana ne-cataracts?

Kufanele ubone udokotela wamehlo uma uhlangabezana nezinguquko embonweni eziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ukubonisana ngaphambi kwesikhathi kukusiza ukuthi uqonde izinketho zakho futhi uhlele ikusasa, ngisho noma ungakalungeli ukuhlinzwa okwamanje.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uqaphela:

• Ubunzima obukhulayo ekufundeni noma emsebenzini oseduze
• Izinkinga zokushayela, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
• Ushintsho oluvamile ekunikezeni kwakho izibuko
• Imibala evela iphele noma ingabi namandla
• Ukwanda kokuzwela ekukhanyeni nasekukhanyeni
• Ukubona kabili esweni elilodwa

Udokotela wakho wamehlo angathola ama-cataracts ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele futhi akusize uqonde ukuthi athinta kanjani umbono wakho. Bazophinda bahlole ezinye izimo zamehlo ezingase zibe nomthelela ezinkingeni zakho zombono.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe, izibani ezikhanyayo, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka njengokubomvu okwandayo noma ukukhipha. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kulungile ezigulini ze-glaucoma?

Yebo, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kungavame ukwenziwa ngokuphepha kubantu abaneglaucoma, futhi kungase kusize nokwehlisa umfutho wamehlo kwezinye izimo. Kodwa-ke, iziguli ze-glaucoma zidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile nokuqashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi senqubo.

Udkt wakho ozohlinza uzosebenza eduze nochwepheshe wakho we-glaucoma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa akuphazamisi ukwelashwa kwakho kwe-glaucoma. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kanye ne-glaucoma kungahlanganiswa kunqubo eyodwa ukuze kulungiswe zombili izimo ngasikhathi sinye.

Q.2 Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kubangela amehlo omile?

Ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo kungase kubhebhethekise okwesikhashana izimpawu zamehlo omile, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka phakathi namasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukusikeka kokuhlinzwa ekuqaleni kungaphazamisa i-tear film yemvelo yamehlo, okuholela ekomeni okwesikhashana.

Uma usuvele unamehlo omile, tshela udkt wakho ozohlinza ngaphambi kwenqubo. Bangase bancomise ukuqala ukwelashwa kwamehlo omile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma basebenzise amasu akhethekile ukunciphisa umthelela ku-tear film yakho.

Q.3 Ingabe ngawo womabili amehlo angenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Odkt abaningi abahlinzayo bancoma ukwenza ilinye iso ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile behlukanisa ukuhlinzwa ngamasonto angu-1-2. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine umbono othile osebenzayo ngesikhathi sokululama futhi inciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezithinta womabili amehlo.

Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu lapho othile engenambono osebenzayo kunoma yiliphi iso, ukuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kungase kucatshangelwe. Udkt wakho ozohlinza uzoxoxa ngendlela engcono kakhulu esekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nezidingo zakho.

Q.4 Amalensi okwenziwa ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Amalensi okwenziwa aklanyelwe ukuhlala impilo yonke futhi ngokuvamile awadingi ukushintshwa. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kumalensi anamuhla e-intraocular aqinile kakhulu futhi azinzile ngaphakathi kweso.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ilensi lingase lidingeke ukuthi libekwe kabusha noma lishintshwe uma lisuka endaweni yalo noma uma uba nezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wamacala, futhi abantu abaningi abadingi izinqubo ezengeziwe ezihlobene nelensi.

Umbuzo 5: Ngizodinga yini izibuko ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo e-cataract?

Abantu abaningi bazodinga izibuko ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwamehlo e-cataract, ngokuvamile ukufunda noma umsebenzi oseduze. Amalensi okwenziwa ajwayelekile avame ukulungiswa ukuze kubonakale kahle ibanga elide, ngakho-ke izibuko zokufunda zivame ukudingeka.

Amalensi e-Premium afana nama-multifocal noma amalensi ahlalisanayo anganciphisa ukuncika ezibukweni kokubili ibanga elide nokubona okuseduze, nakuba kungenzeka angasusi ngokuphelele isidingo sezibuko. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokusiza ukhethe inketho yelensi evumelana kangcono nendlela yakho yokuphila nemigomo yokubona.