Yini i-Colectomy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Ukululama

I-colectomy iyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho ingxenye noma yonke ikholoni yakho (amathumbu amakhulu) isuswa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusiza ukwelapha izimo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ikholoni yakho, kusukela ezifweni ezivuvukalayo kuya emdlalweni, kukunikeza ithuba lokuthuthukisa impilo yakho kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

Yini i-colectomy?

I-Colectomy ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwengxenye noma yonke ikholoni yakho, okuyithumbu elikhulu elicubungula imfucuza ngaphambi kokuba iphume emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngekoloni lakho njengesikhungo sokucubungula esisusa amanzi emfucuzeni futhi sakhe indle.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-colectomy kuye ngokuthi ingakanani ikholoni yakho okudingeka isuswe. I-colectomy engaphelele isusa kuphela ingxenye enesifo, kuyilapho i-colectomy ephelele isusa yonke ikholoni. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzokhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nesimo sakho esithile.

Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko noma izindlela ze-laparoscopic ezingahlaseli kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza nawe ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela enikeza umphumela ongcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Kungani kwenziwa i-colectomy?

I-Colectomy yenziwa ukwelapha izimo ezingathi sína ezithinta ikholoni yakho ezingaphendulanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uncoma lokhu kuhlinzwa uma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela impilo yakho nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yakho.

Izizathu ezivame kakhulu ze-colectomy zihlanganisa umdlavuza wekoloni, odinga ukususwa kwesicubu esinomdlavuza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwawo. Izifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo njengesifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis nazo zingase zidinge ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa uma imithi ingakwazi ukulawula izimpawu ezinzima.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko ezingase zidinge i-colectomy, kusukela ezimbangela ezivamile kuya kwezingavamile:

• Umkhuhlane womdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps angaphambi komdlavuza angakwazi ukususwa ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo esibi (isifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis)
• I-Diverticulitis enezinkinga ezinjengokugqoboka noma i-abscess
• Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu okungaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu okubangelwa izicubu ezinamanxeba noma ezinye izithiyo
• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), isimo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu emathunjini okungakwazi ukulawulwa
• Ukulimala noma ukulimala emathunjini

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela isimo sakho esithile futhi ahlolisise zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-colectomy iyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yempilo yakho.

Yini inqubo ye-colectomy?

Inqubo ye-colectomy ihlanganisa ukususwa ngokucophelela kwengxenye ethintekile yamathumbu akho ngenkathi kugcinwa inyama enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizosebenzisa ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko noma izindlela ze-laparoscopic ezingahlaseli kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuqale, uzothola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile futhi ungenabo ubuhlungu. Ithimba le-anesthesia lizokuqapha ngokucophelela kuyo yonke inqubo ukuze likugcine uphephile.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa:

1. Udkt wakho ohlinzayo wenza ukusikeka esiswini sakho (kukhulu ekuhlinzweni okuvulekile, okuncane kwe-laparoscopic)
2. Ingxenye enesifo yamathumbu akho ihlukaniswa ngokucophelela ezicutshini eziyizungezile
3. Imithambo yegazi enikezela leyo ngxenye ivalwa futhi inqunywe
4. Ingxenye yamathumbu ethintekile iyasuswa
5. Iziphetho ezinempilo zamathumbu akho zixhunywe kabusha (anastomosis)
6. Udkt wakho ohlinzayo uhlola ukuphola okufanele nokusebenza
7. Ukusikeka kuvalwa ngemithungo noma izinto zokubopha

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha amahora ama-2 kuya kwangu-4, kuye ngobunzima becala lakho. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzogcina umndeni wakho unolwazi olusha ngentuthuko yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela ohlinzayo angase adinge ukudala i-colostomy yesikhashana noma unomphela. Lokhu kusho ukuletha ingxenye yamathumbu akho emgodini odongeni lwakho lwesisu, okuvumela udoti ukuthi uqoqwe esikhwameni esikhethekile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa ngaleli thuba nawe ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kusebenza esimweni sakho.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-colectomy yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-colectomy kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwakho kuhamba kahle futhi ukululama kwakho kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokulungiselela.

Ukulungiselela kwakho ngokuvamile kuqala cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Uzodinga ukuyeka imithi ethile engandisa ingozi yokopha, njenge-aspirin noma izinciphisi zegazi. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile mayelana nokuthi iyiphi imithi okufanele uyiyeke nokuthi nini.

Ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa, uzodinga ukuhlanza amathumbu akho ngokuphelele. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwamathumbu, isiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Uzoziphuzela isixazululo esikhethekile futhi ulandele ukudla okucacile oketshezi.

Nawa amasu okuzilungiselela okudingeka uwalandele:

• Qedela zonke izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa (umsebenzi wegazi, ukuthwebula izithombe, ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo uma kudingeka)
• Yeka ukudla ukudla okuqinile amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Thatha isixazululo sokulungiselela amathumbu esinqunyiwe njengoba kuqondiswe
• Geza ngensipho ekhethekile elwa namagciwane ngobusuku obandulela ukuhlinzwa nangakusasa ekuseni
• Susa yonke ubucwebe, izimonyo, kanye ne-nail polish
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Pakisha izingubo ezilula nezinto zomuntu siqu zokuhlala esibhedlela sakho

Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokunikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane ebhalwe phansi eyenzelwe isimo sakho esithile. Unganqikazi ukushaya ucingo uma unemibuzo mayelana nenqubo yokulungiselela.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-colectomy?

Ngemuva kwe-colectomy yakho, udokotela ohlinzayo uzokuchazela ukuthi inqubo ihambe kanjani nokuthi bathole ini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Izicubu ezisusiwe zizothunyelwa elabhorethri ye-pathology ukuze ihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Umbiko we-pathology unikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngesimo sakho futhi usiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwakho okuzayo. Uma umdlavuza wawukhona, umbiko uzochaza uhlobo, isigaba, nokuthi usabalale yini kuma-lymph nodes aseduze.

Imiphumela yakho ye-pathology ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imininingwane eminingi ebalulekile. Umbiko uzochaza usayizi nendawo yanoma iyiphi imithombo, izinga (ukuthi amaseli abukeka enganamthetho kangakanani), nokuthi imingcele yokuhlinzwa ihlanzekile yini esifweni.

Ezimweni zokuvuvukala njengesifo sikaCrohn, umbiko we-pathology uzoqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi uchaze izinga lokuvuvukala. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlele ukwelashwa kwakho okuqhubekayo futhi aqaphe isimo sakho.

Udokotela wakho uzohlela i-aphoyintimenti yokulandela ukuze axoxe ngemiphumela yakho ngemininingwane. Bazochaza ukuthi okutholakele kusho ukuthini empilweni yakho nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa.

Ungalulama kanjani ngemuva kwe-colectomy?

Ukwelulama ku-colectomy kuyinqubo kancane kancane ethatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokuphola ekuhlinzweni futhi uzivumelanise nezinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla.

Ukuhlala kwakho esibhedlela kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-7, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa onalo. Ngesikhathi esinjalo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwengamela ukuphola kwakho, liphathe ubuhlungu bakho, futhi likusize ukuthi uqale ukudla futhi kancane kancane.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kugxilwa ekukwenzeni uhambe ngokuphepha nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla luqala ukusebenza futhi. Uzoqala ngamanzi acwebile bese uqhubekela ekudleni okuqinile njengoba umzimba wakho ukubekezelela.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi somugqa wakho wesikhathi sokululama:

• Izinsuku 1-3: Phumula embhedeni ngokunyakaza kancane kancane, amanzi acwebile kuphela
• Izinsuku 4-7: Ukuhamba okwengeziwe, ukwethulwa kokudla okuthambile, ukukhishwa ekhaya okungenzeka
• Amaviki 2-4: Ukubuyela kancane kancane emisebenzini ejwayelekile, ukugwema ukuphakamisa okunzima
• Amaviki 4-6: Imisebenzi eminingi ejwayelekile iqaliswa kabusha, ukudla okugcwele ngokuvamile kuyabekezeleleka
• Amaviki 6-12: Ukuphola okuphelele, ukubuyela kuyo yonke imisebenzi ehlanganisa nokuzivocavoca

Ukwelulama kwakho kungashesha noma kuhambe kancane kuye ngempilo yakho yonke, izinga lokuhlinzwa kwakho, nokuthi ulandela kanjani imiyalelo yakho yokunakekelwa. Wonke umuntu uphola ngejubane lakhe, futhi lokho kujwayelekile.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zezinkinga ze-colectomy?

Ngenkathi i-colectomy ivikelekile ngokuvamile, izici ezithile zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kukusiza wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi nithathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Ubudala nesimo sempilo esiphelele yizona zici eziyingozi kakhulu. Abantu abadala kanye nabantu abanezimo zempilo eziningi bangase babhekane nezingozi eziphakeme, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa akuyona inzuzo kubo.

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga, nakuba abantu abaningi benza kahle kungakhathaliseki lezi zici eziyingozi:

• Ubudala obuthuthukile (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-70)
• Ukukhuluphala, okungenza ukuhlinzwa kube yinselele ngokwetheknoloji
• Isifo sikashukela, esinganciphisa ukuphola
• Isifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesisu kwangaphambilini okudala izicubu ezinamanxeba
• Ukubhema, okuphazamisa ukuphola kwamanxeba futhi kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka
• Ukungondleki noma ukugula okukhulu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Izimo zokuhlinzwa eziphuthumayo

Iqembu lakho labahlinzeki lizohlola ngokucophelela izici zakho eziyingozi futhi lithathe izinyathelo ezifanele. Izici eziningi eziyingozi zingathuthukiswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, njengokuthuthukisa ukudla kwakho noma ukuphatha isifo sikashukela kangcono.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-colectomy?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, i-colectomy ingaba nezinkinga, nakuba izinkinga ezingathi sína zingavamile. Ithimba lakho labahlinzeki lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuvimbela izinkinga futhi likuqapha eduze ukuze libambe noma yiziphi izinkinga zisasekuqaleni.

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ku-colectomy ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingenzeka ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela izimpawu futhi ufune usizo uma kudingeka.

Nazi izinkinga ezingaba khona, ezisohlwini kusukela kokuvamile kuya kokungavamile:

• Ukutheleleka kwendawo yokuhlinzwa, okuvame ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungase kudingeke ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe
• Ukuvuza kwe-anastomotic, lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zamathumbu kungelaphi kahle
• Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu okuvela ekwakhekeni kwezicubu ezinamanxeba
• Amaqhubu egazi emilenzeni noma emaphashini
• Umkhuhlane ovela ekunciphiseni umsebenzi ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukwenzakala ezithweni eziseduze njengomchamo noma amathumbu amancane
• Izinkinga ezinzima ezidinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela isikhathi eside

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa ngezici zakho eziyingozi ezithile kanye nezinyathelo abazithathayo zokuvimbela izinkinga. Izinkinga eziningi zingelashwa ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi uma zitholwe zisasekuqaleni.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kwe-colectomy?

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemva kwe-colectomy. Ukubonwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kwezinkinga kungavimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, kanti ezinye kufanele zixoxwe nodokotela wakho phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Thembela emizweni yakho - uma into ingazizwa kahle, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono ukushaya ucingo futhi ubuze.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F (38.3°C)
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu obuqhubeka buqina
• Ukuphalaza okungayeki
• Ukungabi nazo izinqumo zokuthuthwa kwendle ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-3
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngemva kokuhlinzwa (ukubomvu okwengeziwe, ukufudumala, ubomvu)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuvuvukala komlenze noma ubuhlungu obungase bubonise amahlule egazi
• Ukungakwazi ukugcina uketshezi phansi

Kufanele futhi ushayele udokotela wakho ngezinkinga ezingaphuthumi njengokugula okuqhubekayo, izinguquko emikhubeni yakho yamathumbu, noma imibuzo mayelana nokululama kwakho. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lifuna ukukusiza ukuthi ube nokululama okushelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-colectomy

Q.1 Ingabe i-colectomy iyasebenza ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamathumbu?

Yebo, i-colectomy ivame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha esebenza kahle kakhulu umdlavuza wamathumbu, ikakhulukazi lapho umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlinzwa kususwa izicubu ezinomdlavuza kanye nama-lymph nodes aseduze, okungelapha umdlavuza noma kuthuthukise kakhulu isimo sakho.

Impumelelo ye-colectomy yomdlavuza incike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa nesigaba somdlavuza lapho kutholakala. Umdlavuza wamathumbu wesigaba sokuqala unamazinga amahle okuphulukisa ngokuhlinzwa kuphela, kuyilapho imidlavaza ethuthukile ingase idinge ukwelashwa okwengeziwe njenge-chemotherapy.

Q.2 Ingabe i-colectomy ibangela izinguquko ezingapheli emikhubeni yamathumbu?

Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezinye izinguquko emikhubeni yabo yamathumbu ngemva kwe-colectomy, kodwa lezi zinguquko zivame ukulawuleka futhi zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-colon yakho esele ivumelana ukuze ikhokhele ingxenye esusiwe.

Ungase ube nokuthuthwa kwendle okuvame kakhulu ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi uma ingxenye enkulu ye-colon yakho isusiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokulungiswa kokudla, abantu abaningi bathuthukisa iphethini entsha ejwayelekile esebenza kahle ngendlela yabo yokuphila.

Q.3 Ngingaphila impilo ejwayelekile ngemva kwe-colectomy?

Yebo, abantu abaningi babuyela emisebenzini yabo ejwayelekile futhi bajabulele izinga elihle lempilo ngemva kwe-colectomy. Ngenkathi kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezithile ekudleni kwakho, ngokuvamile ungadla ukudla okuningi, uzivocavo, usebenze, futhi uhlanganyele emisebenzini oyithandayo.

Inqubo yokululama ithatha isikhathi, kodwa abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi izimpawu zabo zithuthuka kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise amasu okulawula noma yiziphi izinselelo eziqhubekayo.

Q.4 Ngizodinga isikhwama se-colostomy ngemva kwe-colectomy?

Abantu abaningi abane-colectomy abadingi isikhwama se-colostomy esihlala njalo. Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela ohlinzayo angakwazi ukuxhuma kabusha izingxenye ezinempilo zamathumbu akho, okukuvumela ukuthi ube nokunyakaza kwamathumbu okuvamile.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-colostomy yesikhashana iyadingeka ukuvumela amathumbu akho ukuthi aphole kahle, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuguqulwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesibili. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ukuthi ngabe i-colostomy ingase idingeke yini esimweni sakho esithile.

Q.5 Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngokugcwele ku-colectomy?

Ukwelulama okuphelele ku-colectomy ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto angu-6 kuya kwangu-12, nakuba uzozizwa ungcono ngokuqhubekayo ngalesi sikhathi. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini wedesk ngaphakathi kwamasonto angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 futhi baqale kabusha yonke imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngamasonto angu-6 kuya kwangu-8.

Isikhathi sakho sokululama sincike ezintweni ezinjengempilo yakho yonke, izinga lokuhlinzwa kwakho, nokuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga. Ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho nokuzinakekela kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukululama okubushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka.