Yini i-Colonoscopy? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-colonoscopy iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho udokotela wakho esebenzisa ithumbu elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera ukuhlola ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho amakhulu (ikholoni) kanye nomlomo wakho. Leli thuluzi lokuhlola lisiza ukuthola izinkinga ezinjengama-polyps, ukuvuvukala, noma umdlavuza ekuqaleni lapho kulapheka kalula.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlolwa okuphelele kwempilo yekholoni yakho. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60, futhi uzonikezwa imithi ukukusiza uphumule futhi uzizwe ukhululekile kuyo yonke le nqubo.

Yini i-colonoscopy?

I-Colonoscopy iyinqubo yokuxilonga nokuhlola evumela odokotela ukuthi babone lonke ubude bekholoni yakho nomlomo wakho. Udokotela usebenzisa i-colonoscope, okuyithumbu elide, eliguquguqukayo elingangobukhulu bomunwe wakho elinekhamera encane nokukhanya ekugcineni.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, i-colonoscope ifakwa ngobumnene ngomlomo wakho futhi iqondiswe ngekholoni yakho. Ikhamera ithumela izithombe zesikhathi sangempela esikrinini, inikeze udokotela wakho umbono ocacile womugqa wekholoni yakho. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi babone noma yiziphi izindawo ezingavamile, bathathe amasampula ezicubu uma kudingeka, noma basuse ama-polyps endaweni.

Le nqubo ithathwa njengezinga legolide lokuhlola umdlavuza wekholoni ngoba ingakwazi ukuthola nokuvimbela umdlavuza ngokususa ama-polyps angaphambi komdlavuza ngaphambi kokuthi aguquke abe umdlavuza.

Kungani kwenziwa i-colonoscopy?

I-Colonoscopy isebenza ngezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlola umdlavuza wekholoni kubantu abanempilo nokuxilonga izinkinga kubantu abanezimpawu. Abantu abadala abaningi kufanele baqale ukuhlolwa njalo eneminyaka engama-45, noma ngaphambi kwalokho uma benobungozi obufana nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wekholoni.

Ukuze kuhlolwe, umgomo uwukubamba izinkinga ekuqaleni lapho kulula ukuzelapha. Udokotela wakho angasusa ama-polyps ngesikhathi senqubo, okubavimbela ukuthi bangashintshi babe umdlavuza kamuva. Lokhu kwenza i-colonoscopy ibe yithuluzi lokuxilonga nokuvimbela.

Uma unezimpawu, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-colonoscopy ukuze ahlole ukuthi yini ebangela ukungakhululeki kwakho. Ake sibheke izizathu eziqondile ezingenza udokotela wakho asikisela le nqubo:

• Ushintsho oluqhubekayo emikhubeni yamathumbu oluhlala amasonto ambalwa
• Igazi endleni yakho noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngemuva
• Ubuhlungu besisu obungachazeki noma ukuqaqamba
• Ukuqunjelwa okungapheli noma ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ukuntuleka kwensimbi anemia ngaphandle kwembangela ecacile
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps
• Umlando wakho wokugula kwamathumbu okuvuvukala
• Ukuqhubeka ngemuva kokususwa kwe-polyp yangaphambilini

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici zakho eziyingozi kanye nezimpawu ukuze anqume ukuthi i-colonoscopy ilungile yini kuwe. Le nqubo ingasiza ukuxilonga izimo ezinjengomdlavuza wamathumbu, ama-polyps, isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, i-diverticulitis, noma ezinye izifo zamathumbu.

Yini inqubo ye-colonoscopy?

Inqubo ye-colonoscopy yenzeka ezigabeni eziningana, iqala ngokulungiselela ekhaya futhi iphele ngokululama esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60, yize uzosebenzisa amahora amaningana esikhungweni sokulungiselela nokululama.

Ngaphambi kokuthi inqubo iqale, uzothola ukuthuliswa ngomjovo we-IV ukukusiza uphumule futhi unciphise ukungakhululeki. Abantu abaningi abakhumbuli inqubo ngenxa yokuthuliswa, okwenza okuhlangenwe nakho kube lula kakhulu.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi senqubo:

1. Uzoqala ngokulala ngohlangothi lwakho lwesobunxele etafuleni lokuhlolwa
2. Udokotela uzofaka ngobumnene i-colonoscope ngendunu yakho
3. I-scope iqhubekela phambili kancane kancane ngamathumbu akho amakhulu ngenkathi kufakwa umoya ukuze kwandiswe amathumbu amakhulu ukuze kubonakale kangcono
4. Udokotela uhlola ukugqama kwamathumbu amakhulu njengoba i-scope idlula
5. Uma kutholakala ama-polyps, asuswa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile adluliswa nge-scope
6. Amasampula ezicubu angathathwa ukuze ahlolwe elabhorethri
7. I-scope ikhishwa kancane kancane ngenkathi kuqhubeka nokuhlola izindonga zamathumbu amakhulu

Ngesikhathi senqubo, ungase uzwe ukucindezela okuthile noma ukuqaqamba njengoba i-scope idlula emathunjini akho amakhulu. Ukuthuliswa ngemithi kusiza ukunciphisa le mizwa, futhi abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi inqubo ayinazweli kangako kunalokho ababekulindele.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-colonoscopy yakho?

Ukulungiselela kahle kubalulekile ukuze i-colonoscopy iphumelele ngoba amathumbu akho amakhulu adinga ukuba ahlanzeke ngokuphelele ukuze udokotela abone kahle. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ethile, kodwa ukulungiselela kuvame ukuqala izinsuku eziyi-1-3 ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokulungiselela ukuthatha isixazululo sokulungiselela amathumbu esihlambulula amathumbu akho amakhulu. Lo muthi ubangela isifo sohudo ukuze ukhiphe amathumbu akho amakhulu ngokuphelele, okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe kahle.

Nawa amanyathelo abalulekile okuzodingeka uwalandele:

• Yeka ukudla ukudla okuqinile amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kwenqubo yakho
• Phuza uketshezi olucacile kuphela njengamanzi, isobho, nejusi elicacile
• Thatha umuthi wokulungiselela amathumbu njengoba uqondisiwe
• Yeka ukuthatha imithi ethile uma udokotela wakho ekweluleka
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya ngemuva kwenqubo
• Landela noma yimiphi imikhawulo ethile yokudla izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi
• Hlala eduze kwegumbi lokugezela ngemuva kokuqala ukulungiselela amathumbu

Ukulungiswa kwamathumbu kungaba yinselelo, kodwa kubalulekile empilweni yakho kanye nokunemba kokuhlolwa. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuhlala benamanzi futhi belandela imiyalelo ngqo kubasiza ukuthi badlule ekulungiseleleni ngokunethezeka okwengeziwe.

Ungazifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-colonoscopy?

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngemiphumela yakho ye-colonoscopy nawe ngokushesha ngemva kwenqubo, nakuba ungase ungayikhumbuli ingxoxo ngenxa yemiphumela yokuthuliswa. Uzothola umbiko obhaliwe ochaza okutholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile isho ukuthi ikholoni yakho ibonakala iphilile ngaphandle kwezimpawu zama-polyps, umdlavuza, noma ezinye izinto ezingajwayelekile. Uma lokhu kuyi-colonoscopy yokuhlola enemiphumela ejwayelekile, ngokuvamile ngeke udinge enye eminye iminyaka eyi-10, kuye ngezici zakho zobungozi.

Uma kutholakala izinto ezingajwayelekile, imiphumela yakho ingase ikhombise:

• Ama-polyps asuswe ngesikhathi senqubo
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukucasuka komugqa we-colon
• I-Diverticulosis (amasaka amancane odongeni lwe-colon)
• Izindawo zokuphuma igazi noma izilonda
• Izicubu ezisolisayo ezidinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo
• Izimpawu zesifo samathumbu esivuthayo

Uma ama-polyps asusiwe noma amasampula ezicubu athathwe, kuzodingeka ulinde imiphumela yelabhorethri, evame ukuthatha izinsuku ezi-3-7. Udokotela wakho uzokuxhumana nawe ngale miphumela futhi axoxe nganoma yikuphi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo noma ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga i-colonoscopy?

Izici eziningana zikhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa izinkinga ze-colon futhi zingenza ukuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ubudala buyisici esiyingozi esibaluleke kakhulu, ngomdlavuza omningi we-colon owenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, nakuba amazinga enyuka kubantu abadala abasebancane.

Umlando womndeni udlala indima enkulu ezingeni lakho lobungozi. Uma unezihlobo eziseduze ezinomdlavuza we-colon noma ama-polyps, ungase udinge ukuqala ukuhlola ngaphambili futhi ube nokuhlolwa okuvamile kunabantu abaningi.

Izinto eziyingozi ezivamile ezingase zibonise ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni noma okuvamile zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps
• Umlando womuntu siqu wesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo
• Ama-polyps amakhulu noma umdlavuza wangaphambilini
• Izifo zofuzo ezinjenge-Lynch syndrome noma i-familial adenomatous polyposis
• Ukudla okunenyama ebomvu eningi futhi okunefayibha encane
• Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
• Ukukhuluphala nokuphila impilo engahambisani nokuzivocavoca
• Uhlobo 2 lukashukela
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe esiswini noma emgodini wamathambo

Udokotela wakho uzohlola izici zakho eziyingozi ukuze anqume ukuthi kufanele uqale nini ukuhlolwa nokuthi udinga ukuhlolwa ngamathumbu kaningi kangakanani. Abantu abanezici eziyingozi eziphezulu ngokuvamile badinga ukuqala ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-45 futhi bangase badinge ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-colonoscopy?

I-Colonoscopy ngokuvamile iphephile kakhulu, nezinkinga ezingathi sína zenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1% wezinqubo. Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela ukungakhululeki okuncane futhi balulama ngokushesha ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu imincane futhi yesikhashana, okuhlanganisa ukuqunjelwa, igesi, kanye nokubamba ngenxa yomoya osetshenziselwa ukwandisa amathumbu akho ngesikhathi senqubo. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zixazululwa emahoreni ambalwa njengoba umoya umuncwa noma udlula.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zingahlanganisa:

• Ukugqobhoza (ukudabuka) odongeni lwamathumbu (kwenzeka cishe ku-1 kwizinqubo eziyi-1,000)
• Ukuphuma kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokususwa kwe-polyp (kwenzeka cishe ku-1 kwizinqubo eziyi-1,000)
• Ukuphendula emithini yokuthulisa
• Ukutheleleka (akavamile kakhulu)
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu ezihlobene nokuthulisa

Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi nangemva kwenqubo ukuze abheke noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga. Izinkinga eziningi, uma zenzeka, zingelashwa ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi uma zitholwe kusenesikhathi.

Ingozi yezinkinga ngokuvamile iphansi kakhulu kunengozi yokungatholi umdlavuza wamathumbu ngesikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezici zakho eziyingozi futhi akusize uqonde izinzuzo nezingozi zale nqubo.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngokuqokwa kwe-colonoscopy?

Kufanele uxoxe nge-colonoscopy nodokotela wakho uma uneminyaka engu-45 noma ngaphezulu futhi ungakabi nokuhlolwa, noma uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingabonisa izinkinga zamathumbu. Ukutholwa ngesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa, ngakho-ke ungalibali ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuvamile, abantu abaningi kufanele baqale eneminyaka engu-45, kodwa kungase kudingeke uqale ngaphambi uma unezici eziyingozi njomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu. Udokotela wakho angasiza ekunqumeni uhlelo olufanele lokuhlolwa esimweni sakho.

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu:

• Igazi esitulweni sakho noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngemuva
• Ushintsho oluqhubekayo emikhubeni yamathumbu oluhlala amasonto angaphezu kwamabili
• Ubuhlungu besisu obungachazeki noma ukuqaqamba
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungahlosiwe
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuzwa ukuthi amathumbu akho awakhanyi ngokuphelele
• Izihlalo ezincane noma izinguquko ekuhambeni kwesitulo

Ngemuva kwe-colonoscopy, kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, umkhuhlane, ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka. Lokhu kungabonisa izinkinga ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-colonoscopy

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy kulungile ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wamathumbu?

Yebo, i-colonoscopy ithathwa njengezinga legolide lokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamathumbu. Yindlela yokuhlolwa ebanzi kakhulu ngoba ingathola umdlavuza nama-polyps angaphambi komdlavuza kulo lonke ithumbu, hhayi ingxenye nje yalo.

Ngokungafani nezinye izivivinyo zokuhlola ezithola kuphela umdlavuza okhona, i-colonoscopy ingakwazi ngempela ukuvimbela umdlavuza ngokususa ama-polyps ngaphambi kokuba abe yingozi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy njalo kunganciphisa ukufa komdlavuza wamathumbu ngama-60-70%.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe i-colonoscopy ibuhlungu?

Abantu abaningi abazwa ubuhlungu obuncane noma abangabuzwa nhlobo ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy ngoba uthola imithi yokuthulisa ngomjovo we-IV. Imithi yokuthulisa ikusiza ukuthi uphumule futhi ivame ukukwenza ukozela noma ikubangele ukuthi ulale ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ungase uzwe ukucindezela okuthile, ukuqaqamba, noma ukuqunjelwa njengoba isikophu sihamba emathunjini akho, kodwa lezi zinzwa ngokuvamile zithambile futhi zesikhashana. Ngemva kwenqubo, ungase ube negesi ethile nokuqunjelwa amahora ambalwa, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kulungiswa ngokushesha.

Umbuzo 3. Ithatha isikhathi esingakanani i-colonoscopy?

Inqubo ye-colonoscopy ngokwayo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60, kuye ngokuthi udokotela wakho utholani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-polyps okudingeka asuswe. Nokho, uzochitha amahora amaningana esikhungweni sezokwelapha ukulungiselela nokululama.

Hlela ukuchitha cishe amahora angu-3-4 esewonke esikhungweni, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokungena, ukulungiselela, inqubo ngokwayo, nokululama emithini yokuthulisa. Abantu abaningi bangahamba ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo uma sebeke bavuka ngokugcwele futhi bezinzile.

Umbuzo 4. Kufanele ngihlolwe kaningi kangakanani nge-colonoscopy?

Uma imiphumela yakho ye-colonoscopy ijwayelekile futhi unezici eziyingozi ezijwayelekile, ngokuvamile udinga inqubo njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kusukela eminyakeni engama-45. Nokho, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuvamile ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziyingozi zakho.

Abantu abanezici eziyingozi eziphezulu, njengomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu noma umlando womuntu siqu wama-polyps, bangase badinge ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokuhlolwa esenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile nemiphumela.

Umbuzo 5. Kufanele ngidleni ngemva kwe-colonoscopy?

Qala ngokudla okulula, okulula ukugaya ngemva kwe-colonoscopy yakho ngoba uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ludinga isikhathi sokululama. Qala ngokuphuza uketshezi olucacile bese uqhubekela kancane kancane ekudleni okuthambile njengoba uzizwa ukhululekile.

Izinketho ezinhle zihlanganisa umhluzi, ama-crackers, isinkwa esosiwe, ubhanana, ilayisi, ne-yogurt. Gwema ukudla okunezinongo, okunamafutha, noma okunefayibha ephezulu amahora okuqala angu-24. Abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekudleni kwabo okuvamile phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho futhi uthuthukise ukudla kwakho kancane kancane.