Ziyini Amaphilisi Okulawula Ukuzala Ahlanganisiwe? Inhloso, Amazinga/Inqubo & Umphumela

Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe ayizindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngomlomo eziqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zamahomoni: i-estrogen ne-progestin. Lawa mahomoni okwenziwa asebenza ndawonye ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngokuqeda ama-ovari akho ekukhipheni amaqanda futhi kwenze kube nzima ngesidoda ukufinyelela kunoma yiliphi iqanda elingase likhishwe.

Cabanga ngala maphilisi njengomuthi wansuku zonke onika umzimba wakho amazinga ahomoni aqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Amaphilisi amaningi ahlanganisiwe eza ngamaphakethe anyanga zonke anamaphilisi ahomoni asebenzayo angama-21 namaphilisi angasebenzi angu-7, nakuba ezinye izindlela zingahluka.

Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe ayini?

Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe yimithi equkethe kokubili amahomoni e-estrogen ne-progestin. Lawa mahomoni ayizinhlobo ezenziwe zamahomoni emvelo umzimba wakho owakhiqiza ngesikhathi somjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini.

Ingxenye ye-estrogen ngokuvamile yi-ethinyl estradiol, kuyilapho i-progestin ingaba enye yezinhlobo eziningana ezinjenge-norethindrone, levonorgestrel, noma i-drospirenone. Amabhrendi ahlukene asebenzisa izinhlanganisela ezihlukene kanye nenani lala mahomoni.

Lawa maphilisi asebenza ngokuqeda i-ovulation, okusho ukuthi ama-ovari akho awakhululi iqanda njalo ngenyanga. Aphinde aqinise amafinyila omlomo wesibeletho ukuze kwenze kube nzima ngesidoda ukubhukuda, futhi anciphise umugqa wesibeletho sakho ukuze kwenze ukufakelwa kungenzeki.

Kungani kwenziwa amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe?

Inhloso eyinhloko yamaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Uma ethathwa ngendlela efanele, asebenza ngaphezu kuka-99% ekuvikeleni ukukhulelwa, okwenza abe enye yezindlela ezithembeke kakhulu zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa okubuyisekayo.

Ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, lawa maphilisi anikeza ezinye izinzuzo eziningi zempilo. Abesifazane abaningi bawasebenzisa ukuze balawule ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, banciphise ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu kokuya esikhathini, futhi baphathe ukuya esikhathini okubuhlungu okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo baphinda banikeze amaphilisi ahlanganisiwe ukwelapha izimo ezinjenge-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ubuhlungu obuhlobene ne-endometriosis, kanye namabala e-hormonal. Abanye besifazane bathola ukuthi lawa maphilisi asiza ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-premenstrual syndrome futhi anikeze imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini elindeleke kakhulu.

Yini inqubo yamaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe?

Ukuthatha amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe kulandela isimiso sansuku zonke esiqondile. Uzothatha iphilisi elilodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, okungcono nokudla ukunciphisa noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwesisu.

Amaphilisi amaningi ahlanganisiwe eza emaphaketheni ezinsuku ezingama-28. Nansi indlela umjikelezo ojwayelekile osebenza ngayo:

• Izinsuku 1-21: Thatha amaphilisi e-hormone asebenzayo nsuku zonke
• Izinsuku 22-28: Thatha amaphilisi e-placebo angasebenzi noma ungafaki amaphilisi
• Ngesonto elingasebenzi: Cishe uzoba nokopha okuhoxiswayo okufana nokuya esikhathini
• Qala iphakethe lakho elilandelayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeda elilodwa lamanje

Ezinye izindlela ezintsha zokwakheka zinamaphilisi asebenzayo angama-24 namaphilisi angasebenzi ama-4, noma ngisho nokulinganisa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwamaphilisi angasebenzi. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzochaza isimiso esithile somkhiqizo wakho obekiwe.

Ungalungela kanjani amaphilisi akho okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe?

Ngaphambi kokuqala amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe, uzodinga ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bazobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi yamanje, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo ezingase zithinte ukuphepha kwamaphilisi.

Ukulungiselela kwakho kuhilela ukuxoxa ngemvelaphi yakho yezempilo ngobuqotho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyasho uma unomlando wamagazi, unhlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zesibindi, noma iminye iminyango yomdlavuza, njengoba lezi zimo zingase zithinte ukuthi amaphilisi ahlanganisiwe alungele yini wena.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzophinda abuze ngemikhuba yakho yokubhema, umfutho wegazi, kanye nomlando womndeni wezokwelapha. Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ababhemayo bangase badinge izindlela zokuvimbela ezinye ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yamagazi kanye nezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Ungase udinge ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuhlanganisa nokulinganiswa komfutho wegazi futhi mhlawumbe nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Abanye abahlinzeki nabo benza ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic, nakuba lokhu kungadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala.

Ungawafunda kanjani amaphilisi akho okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe?

Ukufunda amaphilisi akho okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe kuhilela ukuqonda amazinga e-hormone nesikhathi. Iphilisi ngalinye elisebenzayo liqukethe inani elithile le-estrogen ne-progestin, elilinganiswa ngama-micrograms.

Amaphilisi e-Monophasic aqukethe amazinga e-hormone afanayo kuwo wonke amaphilisi asebenzayo kuyo yonke imjikelezo. Amaphilisi e-Multiphasic ahlukahluka amazinga e-hormone emasontweni ahlukene, ngamanye amaphilisi aqukethe amanani aphezulu noma aphansi e-hormone.

Iphakethe lephilisi lizokukhombisa ukuthi yimaphi amaphilisi okufanele uwathathe nsuku zonke, ngokuvamile amakwe ngezinsuku zeviki. Amaphilisi asebenzayo ngokuvamile anemibala, kuyilapho amaphilisi angasebenzi ngokujwayelekile emhlophe noma omunye umbala ukukusiza ukuthi uwahlukanise.

Ukusebenza kwephilisi lakho kuncike ekulithatheni ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuphuthelwa amaphilisi noma ukuwathatha ngezikhathi ezingafani kakhulu nsuku zonke kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwawo kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa futhi kungase kubangele ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ungawashintsha kanjani amazinga amaphilisi akho okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe?

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela engemihle evela emaphilisi akho ahlanganisiwe amanje, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angashintsha amazinga akho e-hormone. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukushintshela kwenye i-brand enezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hormone noma ukugxila.

Kwabesifazane abahlangabezana nokuphuma kwegazi, umhlinzeki wakho angase ancome iphilisi elinamazinga aphezulu e-estrogen noma olunye uhlobo lwe-progestin. Uma unezinguquko zemizwa noma ukukhuluphala, ukushintshela epilisi eline-progestin ehlukile kungase kusize.

Ngezinye izikhathi isixazululo sihlanganisa ukushintsha kusuka epilisi le-multiphasic liye epilisi le-monophasic, noma okuphambene nalokho. Umhlinzeki wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho ezithile nomlando wezempilo lapho enza lezi zinguquko.

Kubalulekile ukunika ifomula entsha yomuthi okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ukuze ubone ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani. Ezinye izimo ezingezinhle ziyathuthuka njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela ama-hormone.

Iyiphi izinga elingcono kakhulu lamaphilisi okulawula ukuzala?

Iphilisi elingcono kakhulu lokulawula ukuzala lihluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Okusebenzela owesifazane oyedwa kahle kungase kubangele imiphumela engemihle komunye, ngakho-ke akukho okukhethwa okungcono kakhulu.

Amaphilisi anezilinganiso eziphansi aqukethe ama-micrograms angu-20-35 e-estrogen avame ukukhethwa ngoba anciphisa ingozi yemiphumela engemihle ngenkathi egcina ukusebenza kahle. Lawa maphilisi asebenza kahle kwabesifazane abaningi futhi anezingozi ezimbalwa zamahlule egazi nezinye izinkinga.

Kwabesifazane abanezikhathi ezinzima noma izimpawu ezibalulekile ze-PMS, amaphilisi anama-progestin athile afana ne-drospirenone angase abe usizo olukhulu. Abesifazane abane-acne bavame ukwenza kahle ngamaphilisi aqukethe ama-progestin anezinto eziphikisana ne-androgenic.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzocabangela iminyaka yakho, umlando wezempilo, indlela yokuphila, nezidingo ezithile lapho encoma iphilisi elihambisana nawe.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokusebenza kahle kwamaphilisi okulawula ukuzala?

Izici eziningana zinganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaphilisi okulawula ukuzala. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuncipha kokusebenza kahle ukuthatha amaphilisi okungahambisani, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi alahlekile noma ukuwathatha ngezikhathi ezingafani kakhulu nsuku zonke.

Imithi ethile ingaphazamisa amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala, okwenza angasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-antibiotics athile, imithi elwa nokuthimula, kanye nezithasiselo ezinjenge-St. John's wort.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezinganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaphilisi:

• Ukuphuthelwa amaphilisi noma ukuwathatha ngokungahambisani
• Ukuphalaza kungakapheli amahora angu-2-3 ngemva kokuthatha iphilisi
• Ukuphalaza okukhulu okuthatha amahora angaphezu kwama-24
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile ephazamisa amahomoni
• Ukukhuluphala kakhulu (nakuba amaphilisi esanikeza ukuvikeleka)
• Ukubhema, okungathinta ukuguqulwa kwama-homoni

Uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi zalezi zimo, kufanele usebenzise indlela yokuvimbela yokweseka futhi uthintane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nokuthi ngabe udinga yini indlela yokuvimbela ephuthumayo.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nama-hormone amaningi noma amancane amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe?

Imithamo ephansi yama-hormone ngokuvamile iyathandwa uma inikeza ukuvikeleka okwanele kokuvimbela ukukhulelwa nokulawula izimpawu. Amaphilisi amaningi anamuhla ahlanganisiwe asebenzisa imithamo ephansi kakhulu yama-hormone asebenzayo ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi ngenkathi egcina ukusebenza kwawo.

Amaphilisi anomthamo ophansi anciphisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi engathi sína efana namahlule egazi, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nesifo sohlangothi. Futhi maningi amathuba okuthi abangele isicanucanu, ububele besifuba, kanye nezinguquko zemizwa abanye besifazane abazithola ngemithamo ephezulu yama-hormone.

Nokho, abanye besifazane badinga imithamo ephezulu yama-hormone ngezizathu ezithile zezokwelapha. Abesifazane abane-breakthrough bleeding emaphilisi anomthamo ophansi bangase badinge amazinga e-estrogen aphezulu kancane ukuze kulawulwe kangcono umjikelezo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqala ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu ohlangabezana nezidingo zakho futhi alungise uma kunesidingo ngokuya ngendlela ozosabela ngayo emuthini.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zama-hormone amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe?

Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe anomthamo ophansi ngezinye izikhathi angabangela ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukubonakala phakathi kwemijikelezo. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka ngemva kokuthi umzimba wakho ujwayele ama-hormone, ngokuvamile ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala.

Abanye besifazane bahlangabezana nokuya esikhathini okuningi noma okungajwayelekile ngamaphilisi anomthamo ophansi kakhulu. Nakuba lokhu kungabi yingozi, kungaba nzima futhi kungase kudingeke ukushintshela ekwakhekeni komthamo ophakeme kancane.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngamaphilisi anomthamo ophansi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukubona phakathi kwemijikelezo
• Izikhathi ezimfushane noma ezilula ezinye izintokazi ezizithola zikhathaza
• Ukusebenza kahle okuncishisiwe uma amaphilisi ephuthelwa noma ethathwa ngokungahambisani
• Ukuthuthuka okuncane kuma-acne noma izimpawu ze-PMS uma kuqhathaniswa namaphilisi anomthamo ophezulu
• Ushintsho olungase lube khona emoyeni njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela emazingeni aphansi e-hormone

Iningi lalezi zinkinga zizinzile futhi zixazululwa njengoba umzimba wakho uzivumela kuma-hormone. Uma izinkinga ziqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, umhlinzeki wakho angashintsha umuthi wakho.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zamahomoni amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala aphezulu?

Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala anomthamo ophezulu ahlanganisa izingozi ezengeziwe zemiphumela emibi engathi sína, ikakhulukazi amahlule egazi, unhlangothi, kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Lezi zingozi zisesephansi kodwa ziyanda ngamazinga aphezulu e-estrogen.

Abesifazane abathatha amaphilisi anomthamo ophezulu maningi amathuba okuthi bahlangabezane nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo efana nesicanucanu, ukuzwela kwamabele, izinguquko zemizwa, kanye nekhanda. Abanye besifazane babika nokukhuluphala, nakuba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lokhu akuhlangene ngokuqhubekayo namaphilisi okulawula ukuzala.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína zamaphilisi ahlanganisiwe anomthamo ophezulu zihlanganisa:

• Amahule egazi emilenzeni, emaphashini, noma ebuchosheni
• Unhlangothi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ababhemayo noma abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezici ezinye zengozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ovela ngenkathi uthatha amaphilisi
• Izinkinga zesibindi, okuhlanganisa izimila ezingavamile zesibindi
• Isifo se-gallbladder

Abesifazane abaningi bayawamukela kahle ngisho namaphilisi anomthamo ophezulu, kodwa lezi zingozi zichaza ukuthi kungani abahlinzeki bekhetha ukunikeza umthamo ophansi osebenzayo kowesifazane ngamunye.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngamaphilisi okulawula ukuzala ahlanganisiwe?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zezinkinga ezinzima ngenkathi uthatha amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala.

Lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo futhi akufanele zinganakwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unezinhlungu ezinzima emlenzeni noma ukuvuvukala, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, izinhlungu esifubeni, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinguquko embonweni, noma izinhlungu ezinzima esiswini. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa amahlule egazi noma ezinye izinkinga ezinzima.

Nazi izimo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingazelelwe noma izinguquko embonweni
• Izinhlungu esifubeni noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Izinhlungu ezinzima emlenzeni, ukuvuvukala, noma ukufudumala
• Izinhlungu ezinzima esiswini
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo
• Ushintsho olukhulu lwemizwa noma ukucindezeleka

Kufanele futhi uhlele ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelwa njalo ukuze uqaphe umfutho wegazi lakho nempilo yonke ngenkathi uthatha amaphilisi okuhlanganisa. Abahlinzeki abaningi batusa ukuhlolwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6-12.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ngamaphilisi okulawula ukuzala?

Q.1 Ingabe amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala alungele ukwelapha izinduna?

Yebo, amanye amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala angase aphathe izinduna ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi izinduna ze-hormonal eziqhubeka ngesikhathi somjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini. Amaphilisi aqukethe ama-progestin anezakhiwo eziphikisana ne-androgenic asebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni izinduna.

I-FDA ivume amaphilisi athile okuhlanganisa ukwelapha izinduna, okuhlanganisa lawo aqukethe i-drospirenone, i-norgestimate, noma i-norethindrone acetate. Lawa maphilisi anciphisa ama-hormone esilisa abangela ukuvela kwezinduna.

Ngokuvamile uzobona ukuthuthuka ezinduneni ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3-6 zokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, izinduna zingase zibuye uma uyeka ukuthatha amaphilisi, ngakho lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kahle njengesixazululo sesikhathi eside.

Q.2 Ingabe amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala aphansi abangela ukukhuluphala?

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe anomthamo ophansi awabangeli ukukhuluphala okukhulu kwabesifazane abaningi. Izifundo ezinkulu eziqhathanisa abesifazane abasebenzisa amaphilisi nalabo abangawasebenzisi athola ukuthi akukho mehluko obalulekile ekushintsheni kwesisindo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Abanye besifazane baba nokugcinwa kwamanzi okwesikhashana lapho beqala amaphilisi okulawula inzalo, okungase kuvele njengamakhilogremu ambalwa esikalini. Lokhu kuvame ukuxazululwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela amahomoni.

Uma uqaphela izinguquko zesimo somzimba ngemuva kokuqala amaphilisi okulawula inzalo, cabangela ezinye izinto ezinjengokudla, ukuzivivinya, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuguquguquka kwesisindo kwemvelo okungase kube nomthelela ekushintsheni.

Umbuzo 3. Ingabe amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe angabangela ukucindezeleka?

Abanye besifazane baba nezinguquko zemizwa ngenkathi bethatha amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe, yize ukucindezeleka okukhulu kungavamile. Amahomoni atholakala emaphilisi okulawula inzalo angathinta ama-neurotransmitters ebuchosheni bakho athonya imizwa.

Uma unomlando wokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka, xoxa ngalokhu nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala amaphilisi ahlanganisiwe. Bangase batusa ukuqapha eduze noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo uma usengozini enkulu yezinguquko zemizwa.

Yeka ukuthatha amaphilisi bese uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezinguquko zemizwa ezinzima, ukucindezeleka, noma imicabango yokuzilimaza ngenkathi usebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula inzalo.

Umbuzo 4. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe asebenze?

Amaphilisi okulawula inzalo ahlanganisiwe asebenza ngempumelelo ekuvikeleni ukukhulelwa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 uma uqala ukuwathatha phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-5 zomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini. Uma uqala nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi, uzodinga ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo izinsuku eziyi-7 zokuqala.

Ukuze uthole ezinye izinzuzo ezinjengokuthuthukiswa kwamabala noma ukulawulwa kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile uzodinga ukulinda izinyanga eziyi-3-6 ukuze ubone imiphumela ephelele. Umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi sokujwayela amazinga amahomoni aqhubekayo.

Ezinye izintokazi zibona izinguquko emijikelezweni yazo yokuya esikhathini noma izimpawu ze-PMS phakathi nenyanga yokuqala, kodwa kubalulekile ukunika amaphilisi okungenani imijikelezo emithathu ephelele ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwawo ngezidingo zakho ezithile.

Umbuzo 5. Kwenzekani uma ngiphuthelwa iphilisi lokulawula inzalo elihlanganisiwe?

Uma uphuthelwa iphilisi elilodwa elisebenzayo, lithathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula, ngisho noma lokho kusho ukuthatha amaphilisi amabili ngosuku olulodwa. Awudingi ukulawula inzalo eyengeziwe uma uphuthelwa iphilisi elilodwa kuphela.

Ukuphuthelwa amaphilisi amabili noma ngaphezulu asebenzayo kwandisa ingozi yakho yokukhulelwa futhi kudinga ukulawula inzalo eyengeziwe. Thatha iphilisi eliphuthelwe elisanda kuthathwa ngokushesha bese uqhubeka neshejuli yakho ejwayelekile, kodwa sebenzisa amakhondomu noma gwema ucansi izinsuku eziyi-7.

Uma uphuthelwa amaphilisi ngesonto lokuqala lephakethe lakho futhi waba nocansi olungavikelekile, cabangela ukulawula inzalo esheshayo. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso sokuthi wenzeni ngokuya ngamaphilisi amangaki owaphuthelwa nokuthi wawaphuthelwa nini.