Yini i-Convalescent Plasma Therapy? Injongo, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-Convalescent plasma therapy isebenzisa i-plasma yegazi evela kubantu abaye balulama ekuthelelekeni ukusiza ukwelapha abanye abanesifo esifanayo. Cabanga ngayo njengokuboleka izivikelo zesimiso somzimba somunye umuntu ukusiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nesifo ongakaze uhlangane naso ngaphambili.

Lokhu kwelashwa sekukhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, okokuqala lisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sobhubhane lomkhuhlane ka-1918. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lithole ukunakwa okusha njengoba odokotela behlola izindlela zokusiza iziguli ezine-COVID-19 kanye nezinye izifo ezingathi sína.

Yini i-convalescent plasma therapy?

I-Convalescent plasma therapy ihlanganisa ukuthatha i-plasma evela kubanikeli abaye balulama ekuthelelekeni okuthile. Le plasma iqukethe ama-antibody akhiwe isimiso sabo somzimba sokuzivikela ukulwa nesifo.

Uma ululama ekuthelelekeni, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibody akhumbula ukuthi angalwa kanjani nalelo gciwane elithile. Lawa ma-antibody ahlala ku-plasma yakho yegazi izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemuva kokuthi usululeme.

I-plasma iqoqwa ezigulini ezilulame, icutshungulwe ukuze iphephe, bese inikezwa abantu abalwa nokutheleleka okufanayo njengamanje. Kufana nokunika umuntu isiqalo empini yokulwa nesifo.

Kungani kwenziwa i-convalescent plasma therapy?

Odokotela basebenzisa i-convalescent plasma therapy lapho iziguli zidinga usizo olwengeziwe ekulweni nokutheleleka okungathi sína. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu abanezinhlelo zabo zokuzivikela ezihlangabezana nobunzima ekukhiqizeni ama-antibody anele ngokwawo.

Ukwelashwa kusebenza njengokwelashwa kwebhuloho ngenkathi umzimba wakho ufunda ukulwa nokutheleleka. Kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubukhulu bezimpawu futhi kungenzeka kufinyeze isikhathi ogulayo ngaso.

Udktela wakho angase ancome lolu hlobo lokwelapha uma usengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima ezivela ekuthelelekeni, noma uma usuvele usibhedlela unezimpawu ezinzima. Lusiza ikakhulukazi abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka ezingakwazi ukusabela ngamandla ngokwazo.

Yini inqubo yokwelashwa nge-convalescent plasma?

Inqubo ngokwayo iqondile futhi ifana nokuthola noma yikuphi ukwelashwa nge-IV. Uzothola i-plasma ngentambo encane efakwe engalweni yakho, njengokuthola uketshezi esibhedlela.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukwelashwa kuqale, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile futhi liqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile. Ukumpontshelwa kwe-plasma kuvame ukuthatha cishe ihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili, kuye ngokuthi udinga okungakanani.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, abahlengikazi bazokuqapha eduze nganoma yiziphi izindlela zokuphendula. Abantu abaningi bazizwa kahle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, nakuba abanye bengase babe nemiphumela emincane efana nesicanucanu esincane noma ukuzizwa bekhathele.

Ngemva kokuthi ukumpontshelwa sekuqediwe, uzoqashwa isikhashana ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa kahle. Ama-antibody avela ku-plasma yomnikeli azoqala ukusebenza emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha.

Ungalungela kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho nge-convalescent plasma?

Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa nge-convalescent plasma kulula. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo zegazi ukuze ahlolisise uhlobo lwegazi lakho kanye nesimo sempilo yakho esiphelele.

Awudingi ukuzila ukudla noma ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu emsebenzini wakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Nokho, kuyasiza ukuhlala unamanzi ngokwanele ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi ezinsukwini eziholela ekwelashweni kwakho.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela ithimba lakho lezempilo ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwe-oda kanye nezithasiselo. Eminye imithi ingase idinge ukulungiswa ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Hlela ukuchitha amahora amaningi esikhungweni sezokwelapha, njengoba ukwelashwa ngokwako kuthatha isikhathi kanye nokubhekwa ngemuva. Letha okuthile okuzokwenza uzizwe ukhululekile, njengencwadi noma ithebhulethi, njengoba uzohlala uthule isikhashana.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa nge-convalescent plasma?

Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwelabhorethri, ukwelashwa nge-convalescent plasma akukhiqizi "imiphumela" esheshayo ongayifunda ephepheni. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuthuthuka kwakho kulinganiswa ngendlela ozizwa ngayo nezimpawu zakho zomtholampilo ezinsukwini ezilandelayo namasonto.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka izinkomba eziningana ukuze libone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amazinga akho omoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa, amazinga wamandla, kanye nezimpawu eziphelele ezihlobene nokutheleleka kwakho.

Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kanti abanye kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukubona izinzuzo. Udokotela wakho angase ayale ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlolisise amazinga akho ama-antibody futhi abone ukuthi isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela siyaphendula kanjani.

Impumelelo yokwelashwa incike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuthi ukutholile ngokushesha kangakanani, ubunzima bokutheleleka kwakho, nempilo yakho yonke. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizolandela inqubekela phambili yakho futhi lilungise uhlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa njengoba kudingeka.

Isebenza kahle kangakanani i-convalescent plasma therapy?

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-convalescent plasma therapy kuyahluka kuye ngokutheleleka okuthile nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala nini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi luvame ukusebenza kahle uma lunikezwa ekuqaleni kwesifo.

Nge-COVID-19, izifundo zikhombise imiphumela exubile, nabanye abantu abanezimpawu ezincishisiwe kanye nokuhlala esibhedlela okufushane. Ukwelashwa kubonakala kunenzuzo enkulu kubantu abanezinhlelo zomzimba zokuzivikela ezilimele noma labo abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima.

Ukwelashwa kukhombise impumelelo eqhubekayo ngeminye imikhuhlane emlandweni. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo esidlule njenge-SARS, MERS, nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhuhlane, i-convalescent plasma yasiza ekunciphiseni amazinga okufa nokusheshisa ukululama.

Impendulo yakho yomuntu ngamunye izoncika ezintweni ezifana nobudala bakho, impilo yonke, isikhathi sokwelashwa, kanye nekhwalithi ye-plasma yomnikeli. Nakuba kungelona ikhambi lazo zonke izifo, lingaba ithuluzi elibalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokudinga ukwelashwa nge-plasma ye-convalescent?

Amaqembu athile abantu maningi amathuba okuthi adinge ukwelashwa nge-plasma ye-convalescent ngoba asengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okukhulu. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa.

Abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka babhekene nengozi enkulu futhi bangazuza kakhulu kulokhu kwelashwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abathola ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza, abamukeli bezitho, nalabo abanezifo ze-autoimmune.

Ubudala bunendima ebalulekile, njengoba abadala ngokuvamile benamasistimu okuzivikela angaphenduli ngamandla ezifweni. Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 bavame ukucatshangelwa ukwelashwa nge-plasma ye-convalescent lapho bethola izifo ezinzima.

Izimo zempilo ezingamahlalakhona nazo zikhuphula ingozi yakho yokudinga lokhu kwelashwa. Izimo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, kanye nezifo zamaphaphu zingenza kube nzima ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwe nezifo ngempumelelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abathatha imithi ecindezela amasistimu abo okuzivikela emzimbeni bangase badinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi ethile ye-arthritis, isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, nezinye izimo ze-autoimmune.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa nge-plasma ye-convalescent?

Abantu abaningi bayakubekezelela kahle ukwelashwa nge-plasma ye-convalescent, kodwa njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga ezinzima zivamile uma ukwelashwa kunikezwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abanolwazi.

Imiphumela emincane ejwayelekile ingabandakanya umkhuhlane omncane, amakhaza, noma ukuzizwa ukhathele ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokumpontshelwa igazi. Abanye abantu baba nokusabela okuncane komzimba okufana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ukuluma, okuvame ukuxazululwa ngokushesha ngokwelashwa.

Izinkinga ezingathi sína kodwa ezingavamile zingabandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumula noma izinguquko zomfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi. Yingakho uzoqashwa ngokuqinile kuyo yonke inqubo.

Kukhona futhi ingozi encane yokusabela okuhlobene nokumpontshelwa igazi, okufana naleyo engenzeka nganoma yikuphi ukumpontshelwa komkhiqizo wegazi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lihlunga i-plasma ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi.

Ngezikhathi ezingavamile, iziguli zingase zibe nokulimala okungathi sína kwamaphaphu okuhlobene nokumpontshelwa igazi (i-TRALI), okubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kuyesabisa, akuvamile kakhulu futhi amathimba ezokwelapha alungiselelwe kahle ukukusingatha uma kwenzeka.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nokwelashwa nge-plasma yokuvuselela?

Kufanele uxoxe ngemithi ye-plasma yokuvuselela nodokotela wakho uma utholakale unesifo esingathi sína futhi ungena esigabeni esinengozi enkulu. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ugula kakhulu ukuze ube nale ngxoxo.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezimbi ezivela esifweni, ikakhulukazi uma unezimo zezempilo ezingaphansi noma isistimu yokuzivikela ekhathele. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuvame ukuholela emiphumeleni engcono.

Uma njengamanje ulaliswe esibhedlela ngesifo, buza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi ngabe ukwelashwa nge-plasma yokuvuselela kungase kufanele yini isimo sakho. Bangahlola icala lakho elithile futhi banqume ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo yini.

Ngemva kokuthola ukwelashwa nge-plasma yokuvuselela, xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma izimpawu zokusabela komzimba. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kubalulekile ukukubika ngokushesha.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokwelashwa nge-plasma yokuvuselela

U.1 Ingabe i-convalescent plasma therapy ilungele i-COVID-19?

I-convalescent plasma therapy ikhombise ezinye izinzuzo ezigulini ze-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezimiso zomzimba ezibuthakathaka noma ezingozi enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima. Ukusebenza kahle kubonakala kukhulu kakhulu lapho ukwelashwa kunikezwa ekuqaleni kokugula.

Imiphumela yocwaningo iye yaxubana, ezinye izifundo zikhombisa ukuncipha kwezimpawu kanye nokuhlala esibhedlela okufushane, kanti ezinye zibonisa izinzuzo ezilinganiselwe. Ukwelashwa kubonakala kusiza kakhulu iziguli ezingakwazi ukuzivikela ezingakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-antibody azo ngempumelelo.

U.2 Ingabe i-convalescent plasma therapy ivimbela ukutheleleka?

I-convalescent plasma therapy isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha izifo ezikhona kunokuzivimbela. Ngenkathi ingahle inikeze ukuvikelwa okuthile kwesikhashana ngama-antibody anikelwe, lokhu kuvikelwa akuhlali isikhathi eside futhi akuthembekile ekuvikeleni.

Uma uke wavezwa ekuthelelekeni kodwa ungaguli okwamanje, udokotela wakho angase acabangele i-convalescent plasma ezimweni eziyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela njengemithi yokugoma ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle ekuvikeleni isikhathi eside.

U.3 Ingabe ukuvikelwa kwe-convalescent plasma therapy kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ama-antibody avela ku-convalescent plasma therapy ngokuvamile ahlala esebenza ohlelweni lwakho amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyahluka kumuntu nomuntu ngokuya ngezinto ezinjengamandla akho ohlelo lomzimba nokuvikela kanye nempilo yonke.

Ngokungafani nemithi yokugoma, efundisa umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize ama-antibody awo, i-convalescent plasma inikeza ukuzivikela okubolekiwe kwesikhashana. Umzimba wakho uzosusa kancane kancane la ma-antibody anikelwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi, yingakho ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle njengokungenelela kwesikhashana.

U.4 Ngingakwazi yini ukunikela nge-convalescent plasma ngemva kokululama ekuthelelekeni?

Yebo, uma usululame ezifweni ezithile ezinjenge-COVID-19, ungase ukwazi ukunikela nge-plasma ephilayo ukuze usize ezinye iziguli. Izikhungo zokunikela ngegazi zinezidingo ezithile mayelana nesikhathi kanye namazinga ama-antibody.

Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukulinda isikhathi esithile ngemva kokululama futhi uhlangabezane nemibandela ejwayelekile yokunikela ngegazi. I-plasma yakho izohlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iqukethe ama-antibody anele futhi iphephile ukuthi idluliselwe ezinye iziguli.

Q.5 Ingabe ukwelashwa nge-plasma ephilayo kukhokhelwa umshwalense?

Izinhlelo eziningi zomshwalense, okuhlanganisa i-Medicare ne-Medicaid, zikhokhela ukwelashwa nge-plasma ephilayo uma kudingeka ngokwezokwelapha futhi kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Kodwa-ke, ukukhokhelwa kungahluka kuye ngohlelo lwakho oluthile kanye nezimo zokwelashwa kwakho.

Kuhlakaniphile ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho womshwalense kanye nesikhungo sokwelashwa mayelana nokukhokhelwa kanye nanoma yiziphi izindleko ezingase ziphume ekhukhwini ngaphambi kokuthola ukwelashwa. Izibhedlela eziningi zabancoma zezimali abangakusiza ukuthi uqonde izinketho zakho zokukhokhelwa.