Yini Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Coronary Artery Bypass? Inhloso, Inqubo & Ukululama

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass kuyinqubo edala izindlela ezintsha zokuthi igazi ligeleze ngaphandle kwemithambo yenhliziyo evaliwe noma enciphe. Cabanga ngakho njengokwakha izindlela zokuhamba uma umgwaqo omkhulu oya emsipheni wenhliziyo yakho uvinjelwa ukwakheka kwe-plaque.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusiza ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okufanele emsipheni wenhliziyo yakho lapho imithi kanye nokwelashwa okungahlaseli kakhulu kunganele. Udokotela ohlinzayo uthatha imithambo yegazi enempilo kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho futhi uyisebenzisa ukudala lezi zindlela ezintsha, enikeza inhliziyo yakho igazi elinothile nge-oxygen elidingayo ukuze isebenze kahle.

Yini ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass, ngokuvamile okubizwa nge-CABG (okuqanjwa ngokuthi "iklabishi"), kuyinqubo yokuhlinzwa inhliziyo evula igazi ngaphandle kwemithambo ye-coronary evaliwe. Udokotela ohlinzayo udala izindlela ezintsha esebenzisa imithambo yegazi enempilo ethathwe esifubeni sakho, emlenzeni, noma engalweni.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo unamathisela ngokucophelela ukuphela okukodwa kwemithambo enempilo ngaphezu kokuvinjwa kanye nenye ngaphansi kwayo. Lokhu kudala "i-bypass" evumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngokukhululeka emsipheni wenhliziyo yakho futhi. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6, kuye ngokuthi mingaki imithambo edinga ukudlula.

Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kwe-bypass kwenziwa ngenkathi inhliziyo yakho imisiwe okwesikhashana, ngomshini wenhliziyo-lung othathela phezulu umsebenzi wokumpompa igazi emzimbeni wakho. Ezinye izindlela ezintsha zivumela ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwe enhliziyweni eshayayo, okuyilokho udokotela ohlinzayo azoxoxa ngakho uma kuyindlela ongayikhetha.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass?

Udokotela wakho uncoma ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass lapho isifo se-coronary artery sinciphisa kakhulu ukugeleza kwegazi emsipheni wenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukwakheka kwe-plaque kunciphisa noma kuvimba imithambo enikeza inhliziyo yakho nge-oxygen kanye nezakhamzimba.

Ukuhlinzwa kuba ngcono uma unezithiyo ezinkulu emithanjeni eminingi yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi umthambo omkhulu wesobunxele ohlinzeka ngengxenye enkulu yenhliziyo yakho. Ungase futhi udinge lokhu kuhlinzwa uma unobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obungathuthuki ngemithi noma uma izinqubo ezingahlaseli kakhulu njenge-angioplasty zingafaneleki esimweni sakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kunconywa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ukuvimbela izenzakalo zenhliziyo zesikhathi esizayo. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho esithile, ecabangela izinto ezinjengempilo yakho yonke, indawo nobukhulu bezithiyo, nokuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani njengamanje.

Yini inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass?

Inqubo yokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass ilandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho nomphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizokuhambisa esigabeni ngasinye ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwakho, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Uzothola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukuze ikugcine ukhululekile ngokuphelele futhi ungalazi ngesikhathi sonke senqubo
2. Udkt. ohlinzayo wenza ukusikeka phakathi nendawo yesifuba sakho futhi uvula ngokucophelela ithambo lakho lesifuba ukuze afinyelele enhliziyweni yakho
3. Imithambo yegazi enempilo ivunwa odongeni lwesifuba sakho, umlenze, noma ingalo ukuze isetshenziswe njengezithako ze-bypass
4. Inhliziyo yakho ivamise ukumiswa okwesikhashana ngenkathi umshini wenhliziyo namaphaphu ujikeleza igazi emzimbeni wakho
5. Udkt. ohlinzayo unamathisela imithambo emisha ukuze enze izindlela ezizungeze imithambo evaliwe
6. Inhliziyo yakho iqaliswa kabusha, futhi ithimba lokuhlinza liqinisekisa ukuthi ama-bypass amasha asebenza kahle
7. Ithambo lakho lesifuba libuyiselwa ndawonye ngocingo, futhi ukusikeka kuvalwa ngama-sutures

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6, kuye ngokuthi zingaki izindlela zokudlula ozidingayo. Ithimba lakho labahlinzi likuqapha ngokucophelela kuyo yonke le nqubo, futhi uzovuka esigumbini sokunakekelwa okukhulu lapho abahlengikazi abaqeqeshiwe bengabuka ukululama kwakho ngokucophelela.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa kwakho kokudlula imithambo yenhliziyo?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kokudlula imithambo yenhliziyo kuhilela ukulungiselela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukusiza ekuqinisekiseni umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokunikeza imiyalelo ethile eyenzelwe isimo sakho, kodwa amalungiselelo amaningi agxila ekuthuthukiseni impilo yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Ukulungiselela kwakho cishe kuzohlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele okungenani amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze uthuthukise ukuphola futhi unciphise izinkinga
• Hambela zonke izikhathi zokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X-ray esifuba, nokuhlolwa komsebenzi wenhliziyo
• Landela imiyalelo yemithi ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa ukuthi yiziphi okufanele ziyekwe nokuthi yiziphi okufanele ziqhubeke
• Lungiselela usizo ekhaya ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, njengoba uzodinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Qeda noma yimuphi umsebenzi wamazinyo ngaphambili, njengoba izifo zingenza kube nzima ukululama kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
• Geza ngensipho elwa namagciwane ngobusuku obandulela ukuhlinzwa nangosuku lokuhlinzwa
• Zila ukudla kusukela phakathi kwamabili ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokuhlinzwa, ulandela imiyalelo ethile yeqembu lakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele uyeke nini ukudla nokuphuza

Udkt. ohlinzayo uzophinda axoxe ngale nqubo ngemininingwane, aphendule imibuzo yakho, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi uyaqonda kokubili izinzuzo nezingozi. Lesi yisikhathi esihle sokwabelana nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uzizwa uqiniseka ngokuhamba phambili.

Okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokululama kokuhlinzwa kokudlula imithambo yenhliziyo?

Ukwelulama ekuhlinzweni kokudlula imithambo yenhliziyo kuyinqubo kancane kancane eyenzeka ngezigaba, iqala esibhedlela futhi iqhubeke ekhaya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Abantu abaningi bachitha izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 esibhedlela, ngosuku lokuqala noma ezimbili ekunakekelweni okukhulu ukuze kuqashwe eduze.

Ukwelulama kwakho esibhedlela ngokuvamile kulandela lolu hlu lwesikhathi:

• Amahora okuqala angu-24-48 ekunakekelweni okukhulu nokuqapha njalo kwenhliziyo nokusekelwa kokuphefumula
• Ukususwa kancane kancane kwamatube nokuqapha njengoba umzimba wakho uzinza
• Ukuqala ukuhlala phansi, ukuphefumula kanzulu, futhi ekugcineni ukuhamba amabanga amafushane
• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ngemithi ukukugcina ukhululekile
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukusiza ukubuyisa amandla nokuvimbela izinkinga
• Imfundo mayelana nokunakekelwa ekhaya, imithi, kanye nemikhawulo yemisebenzi

Uma usendlini, ukwelulama kwakho kuqhubeka amasonto angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ngaphambi kokuthi ubuyele emisebenzini ejwayelekile. Uzokwandisa kancane kancane izinga lomsebenzi wakho, uye ekulungisweni kwenhliziyo uma kunconywe, futhi ube nokuqokwa okulandelayo njalo ukuqapha inqubekela phambili yakho.

Abantu abaningi bazizwa ngcono kakhulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi bangakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini nasemisebenzini ejwayelekile. Ama-bypass amasha ngokuvamile anikeza ukugeleza okuhle kakhulu kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho iminyaka eminingi, imvamisa amashumi eminyaka.

Ziyini izinzuzo zokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass?

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu abanezifo ezinzima ze-coronary artery, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni kokubili izinga lempilo nempilo yenhliziyo yesikhathi eside. Le nqubo inganciphisa kakhulu noma iqede ubuhlungu besifuba obungase bube bukhawula imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Ukuhlinzwa kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Ukuncishiswa okukhulu noma ukukhululeka okuphelele ebuhlungwini besifuba nokuphefumula kanzima
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lokuzivocavoca nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngaphandle kokungakhululeki
• Amazinga angcono okusinda esikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa ngemithi kuphela ngezifo ezinzima
• Ukuncishiswa kwengozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lempilo kanye namazinga wamandla
• Amathuba okubuyela emsebenzini nokujabulela imisebenzi ongase uyeke

Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kubanika ithuba elisha empilweni, okubavumela ukuba basebenze kakhulu nomndeni nabangane. Ukugeleza kwegazi okuthuthukisiwe emsipheni wenhliziyo yakho kungasiza futhi ukuthi isebenze kahle, okungenzeka ukuthi kuthuthukise izimpawu ezinjengokukhathala nokuphefumula kanzima.

Ziyini izingozi zokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, i-coronary artery bypass ithwala ezinye izingozi, nakuba izinkinga ezinzima zingavamile uma inqubo yenziwa ngamaqembu okuhlinza anolwazi. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngezici zakho eziyingozi ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, nesimo senhliziyo esithile.

Izingozi ezingaba khona zihlanganisa kokubili izinkinga ezivamile nezingavamile:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi okungase kudingeke ukumpontshwa kwegazi
• Ukutheleleka ezindaweni zokuhlinza
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okuvame ukuxazululwa ngokwelashwa
• Ukudideka kwesikhashana noma izinkinga zenkumbulo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala
• Amaqhubu egazi angathinta ukujikeleza kwegazi
• Isifo sohlangothi, nakuba lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-2% wamacala
• Izinkinga zezinso, ikakhulukazi uma uke waba nezinkinga zezinso ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa

Iqembu lakho lokuhlinza lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa lezi zingozi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, izindlela eziyinyumba ngesikhathi senqubo, nokuqapha eduze ngemva kwalokho. Izinkinga eziningi, uma zenzeka, ziyalawuleka futhi azithinti impumelelo yesikhathi eside yokuhlinzwa kwakho.

Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani izithombo ze-coronary artery bypass?

Izithombo ze-Bypass ngokuvamile zinikeza ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle kakhulu iminyaka eminingi, nakuba ukuphila kwazo kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezihlanganisa uhlobo lomkhumbi olusetshenzisiwe nokuthi uyigcina kahle kangakanani impilo yakho yenhliziyo ngemva kwalokho. Izithombo eziningi zisebenza kahle iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-15 noma ngaphezulu.

Izithombo zemithambo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivela odongeni lwakho lwesifuba, zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunezithombo zemithambo ezivela emlenzeni wakho. Isithombo somthambo we-internal mammary sivame ukuhlala sivulekile futhi sisebenza iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Izithombo zemithambo ngokuvamile zinikeza ukugeleza kwegazi okuhle iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-15, nakuba ezinye zingase ziqale ukuncipha futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinketho zakho zokuphila ngemva kokuhlinzwa zithinta kakhulu ukuthi ama-bypass akho ahlala isikhathi esingakanani esebenza. Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo enhliziyo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuthatha imithi echaziwe, nokungabhemi konke kusiza ukugcina impilo yezithombo zakho ezintsha futhi kuvimbele ukuvaleka okwengeziwe emithanjeni eminye.

Kufanele uxhumane nini nodokotela wakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?

Ukwazi ukuthi ungaxhumana nini nethimba lakho lezempilo ngesikhathi sokululama kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinkinga zixazululwa ngokushesha. Izinkinga eziningi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass ziyizinto ezijwayelekile zokuphola, kodwa ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu zokuxwayisa:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuhlukile kunokungakhululeki kwakho okuvamile kokusika
• Ukuphefumula kanzima okukhulu noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-101°F, ukubomvu okwandayo, noma ukukhipha emithanjeni yokusika
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile okungazinzile
• Ukuvuvukala okukhulu emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, noma ezinyaweni
• Isiyezi noma izigameko zokuquleka
• Ubuthakathaka obuzumayo noma izinguquko ekucaceni kwengqondo

Ngezinkinga ezingaphuthumi kangako njengobuhlungu obuncane, imibuzo yokuphola ejwayelekile, noma izinkinga zemithi, ngokuvamile ungalinda amahora ebhizinisi avamile ukuze uthinte ihhovisi likahlinzayo. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lifuna ukuzwa kuwe uma ukhathazekile nganoma yini ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass

Q.1 Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass kungcono kune-angioplasty?

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kanye ne-angioplasty ngakunye kunenzuzo ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bypass kuvame ukuba ngcono kubantu abanezithiyo eziningi ezinzima, isifo sikashukela, noma izithiyo ezindaweni ezithile njengomthambo omkhulu we-coronary wesobunxele.

I-Angioplasty ayihlaseli kakhulu futhi inesikhathi esifushane sokululama, okuyenza ithandeke ezithiyweni ezilodwa noma kubantu abangabafaneleki kahle ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Udokotela wakho wenhliziyo ucabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, impilo yonke, inani nendawo yezithiyo, kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo lapho encoma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Q.2 Ungahlinzwa yini i-bypass ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, abanye abantu badinga ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass okuphindwayo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile kunezinqubo zokuqala. Ukuhlinzwa okuphindwayo kungase kudingeke uma kuvela izithiyo ezintsha kweminye imithambo noma uma izithombo zangaphambilini ziqala ukuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass yesibili ngokuvamile kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthwala izingozi eziphakeme kancane, kodwa kungase kunikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu uma kudingeka. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi ukuhlinzwa okuphindwayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu noma ngabe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha njenge-angioplasty zingase zifaneleke kakhulu.

Q.3 Ungaqala nini ukushayela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?

Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuqala kabusha ukushayela ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, uma ithambo labo lesifuba seliphiliswe ngokwanele futhi bengasathathi imithi eqeda ubuhlungu enamandla. Udinga ukukwazi ukusabela ngokushesha futhi ujike isondo lokuqondisa ngaphandle kokungakhululeki.

Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokuvumela ukuthi ushayele ngokusekelwe ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwakho kokwelashwa. Abanye abantu bazizwa belungele ngokushesha, kanti abanye badinga isikhathi esithe xaxa, ikakhulukazi uma besazizwa bekhathele kakhulu noma benomuzwa wokungakhululeki esifubeni.

Q.4 Uzozizwa ujwayelekile ngokuphelele ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?

Abantu abaningi bazizwa ngcono kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass, ngokuvamile ngcono kunalokho abake bazizwa ngakho eminyakeni, kodwa inqubo yokululama iqhubeka kancane kancane. Ekuqaleni ungase uzizwe ukhathele futhi uzizwe unomzwelo phezulu naphansi, okuyinto evamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu.

Ngezinyanga ezimbalwa, abantu abaningi babika ukuthi banamandla amaningi nobuhlungu obuncane besifuba kunangaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Nokho, usazodinga ukugcina imikhuba enempilo yenhliziyo futhi usebenzise imithi njengoba kunqunyiwe ukuvikela inhliziyo yakho isikhathi eside.

Q.5 Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukudle ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?

Ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kugxila ekudleni okusekela ukuphola nokuvimbela ukuvaleka kwemithambo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izithelo eziningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amaprotheni anciphile, namafutha anempilo ngenkathi kukhawulwa amafutha agcwele, i-sodium, noshukela owengeziwe.

Ithimba lakho lezempilo cishe lizokuncoma ukuthi uhlangane nodokotela wezokudla ongakha uhlelo lokudla olwenzelwe wena ngokusekelwe kokuthandayo nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezempilo onazo. Umgomo uwukuthola indlela eqhubekayo yokudla ongayigcina isikhathi eside ukuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho.