Yini i-Craniotomy? Injongo, Inqubo & Ukululama

I-craniotomy iyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho udokotela ohlinzayo esusa okwesikhashana ingxenye yegobolondo lakho ukuze afinyelele ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kuvula kuvumela odokotela ukuthi baphathe izimo zobuchopho ezihlukahlukene ngenkathi begcina izicubu ezizungezile ziphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Cabanga ngakho njengokuvula ngokucophelela iwindi ukuze ufinyelele okuthile ngaphakathi, bese uluvala futhi. Ucezu lwethambo olususwayo lubizwa ngokuthi i-bone flap, futhi ngokuvamile lubuyiselwa endaweni ekupheleni kokuhlinzwa.

Yini i-craniotomy?

I-Craniotomy ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okubandakanya ukwenza ukuvula ekhakhayini lakho. Leli gama livela ku-

• Amathumba obuchopho (anobungani noma anonya)
• Ama-aneurysm obuchopho aqhumile noma asengozini yokuqhumuka
• Ukungahambi kahle kwemithambo yegazi (ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi)
• Ukulimala kwekhanda okukhulu nokopha noma ukuvuvukala
• Amahlule egazi acindezela ubuchopho
• Isithuthwane esingasabeli emithini
• Izifo zobuchopho noma ama-abscess
• Ezinye izici zokuzalwa ezithinta ubuchopho

Ngokuvamile, i-craniotomy ingase idingeke ekufakweni kwedivayisi yokukhuthaza ubuchopho obujulile noma ukususa izinto zangaphandle ekulimaleni kobuchopho. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo wezinzwa uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo ngokumelene nezingozi ngaphambi kokuncoma le nqubo.

Yini inqubo ye-craniotomy?

Inqubo ye-craniotomy ngokuvamile ithatha amahora amaningana futhi yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ungase ugcinwe uvukile phakathi nezingxenye zokuhlinzwa ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukuqapha ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lizokubeka ngokucophelela etafuleni lokuhlinza futhi livikele ikhanda lakho ukuze livimbele noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Indawo lapho kuzokwenziwa khona ukusikeka ihlanzwa kahle futhi ifakwe inzalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka.

Nakhu okwenzekayo phakathi kwezinyathelo eziyinhloko zenqubo:

1. Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikeka ekhanda lakho, ngokuvamile elandela imigqa yesikhumba yemvelo ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwamathumba
2. Isikhumba sekhanda sidonswa ngokucophelela ukuveza ithambo le-skull ngaphansi
3. Izimbobo ezincane zibhodlwa ekhakhayini, futhi i-saw ekhethekile inquma phakathi kwalezi zimbobo ukudala i-bone flap
4. I-bone flap isuswa futhi igcinwe ngokuphephile, ngokuvamile kusisombululo esiyinyumba
5. I-membrane evikelayo ehlanganisa ubuchopho (dura mater) iyavulwa ukuze kufinyelelwe izicubu zobuchopho
6. Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okudingekayo kwenziwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kususwa umdlavuza, kulungiswa imithambo yegazi, noma ukwelashwa kwezinye izimo
7. I-dura mater ivalwa ngemithungo emincane
8. I-bone flap ibuyiselwa endaweni ngamapuleti amancane ensimbi nezikulufu
9. Isikhumba sekhanda sivalwa ngemithungo noma izinto eziyisisekelo

Kuyo yonke inqubo, izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ziqashwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ithimba lokuhlinza lisebenzisa izithombe ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokuzula ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphepha.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-craniotomy yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-craniotomy kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ezisiza ekuqinisekiseni umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izidingo, kodwa ukuqonda okulindelekile kungasiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwakho.

Uzodinga ukuyeka ukuthatha imithi ethile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi ama-blood thinners afana ne-aspirin noma i-warfarin. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokopha ngesikhathi senqubo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngqo ukuthi uyeka nini imithi ngayinye.

Isikhathi sakho sokulungiselela ngokuvamile sihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:

• Qedela izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X-ray esifuba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuskena kobuchopho okwengeziwe
• Hlangana nodokotela wakho we-anesthesiologist ukuze nixoxe ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo
• Lungiselela othile ukuthi akuqhubele ekhaya futhi ahlale nawe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Yeka ukudla nokuphuza ngemva kwamabili ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokuhlinzwa
• Geza ngensipho ekhethekile elwa namagciwane enikezwe ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa
• Susa yonke imihlobiso, izimonyo, i-nail polish, nezinsiza zezinwele
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile okulula ukuzisusa

Uma unezinwele ezinde, ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa lingase lidingeke ukuthi ligeze ingxenye yekhanda lakho. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kulondolozwe inkundla yokuhlinzwa enezinambuzane futhi kunciphise ingozi yokutheleleka. Izinwele zakho zizokhula futhi, nakuba kungase kuthathe izinyanga eziningana.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlela indawo yakho yasekhaya ukuze ululame. Uzodinga indawo ethule, enethezekile lapho ungaphumula khona ngaphandle kokugqugquzelwa okuningi okuvela ekukhanyeni noma emsindweni.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho ye-craniotomy?

Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho ye-craniotomy kuhilela ukubheka kokubili umphumela wokuhlinzwa osheshayo kanye nokutholakele kwesikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo wezinzwa uzochaza ukuthi kwenziweni ngesikhathi senqubo nokuthi amasampula e-tissue athini.

Ngemva nje kokuhlinzwa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola ukuthi inqubo ihambe kahle kangakanani. Bazobheka ukuthi umgomo obekelwe wawufinyelelwe yini, njengokususa ngokuphelele umdlavuza noma ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm okuphumelelayo.

Uma isicubu sisusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwakho, sizothunyelwa kumguli ukuba sihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kungathatha izinsuku eziningana kuya evikini, futhi imiphumela isiza ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ngabe kudingeka yini ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuqhubeka kokululama kwakho nakho kuyingxenye "yemiphumela" yakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizobheka ukusebenza kwakho kwemizwa, okuhlanganisa ikhono lakho lokunyakaza, ukukhuluma, nokucabanga ngokucacile. Abantu abaningi bahlangabezana nezinye izinguquko zesikhashana ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa lezi zivame ukuthuthuka njengoba ukuvuvukala kwehla.

Izifundo zokulandela izithombe, njenge-MRI noma ama-CT scan, ngokuvamile zihlelelwe ukuhlola ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buphola kahle kangakanani. Lezi zithombe zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini izinkinga nokuthi ngabe ukwelashwa kuphumelele yini.

Ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukululama kwakho kwe-craniotomy?

Ukwelulama ku-craniotomy kuyinqubo kancane kancane edinga ukubekezela nokulandela imiyalelo yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngokucophelela. Ubuchopho bakho budinga isikhathi sokuphola, futhi ukusheshisa le nqubo kungaholela ezinkingeni.

Izinsuku zokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa zibalulekile ukuze kuphole kahle. Cishe uzochitha isikhathi kuyunithi yokunakekelwa okukhulu lapho abasebenzi bezokwelapha bengabheka eduze ukusebenza kwakho kwemizwa futhi baqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga.

Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokusekela ukululama kwakho:

• Thatha imithi ebekiwe ngqo njengoba uqondisiwe, okuhlanganisa nemithi yokulwa nokuhlaselwa uma kunconywe
• Gcina ikhanda lakho liphakanyisiwe uma ulele ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala
• Gwema imisebenzi eqinile, ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, noma ukugoba phambili ngesikhathi esibekiwe ngudokotela ohlinzayo wakho
• Hambela kuzo zonke izikhathi zokulandela kanye nezikhathi zokuvuselela
• Gcina ukusikeka kwakho kuhlanzekile futhi komile ngokuya ngemiyalelo kadokotela wakho ohlinzayo
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco futhi uhlale unamanzi ukuze usekele ukuphola
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele kodwa futhi uhlanganyele emisebenzini elula njengoba kuvunywe udokotela wakho
• Gwema utshwala nokubhema, okungaphazamisa ukuphola

Abanye abantu bayazuza ezinsizakalweni zokuvuselela, okuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngomsebenzi, noma ukwelashwa kwenkulumo. Lezi zinsizakalo zingakusiza ukuthi ubuyisele amandla namakhono okungenzeka ukuthi athintwe yisimo sakho sobuchopho noma ukuhlinzwa.

Khumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu uphola ngejubane lakhe. Abanye abantu bazizwa bebuyele esimweni esijwayelekile emasontweni ambalwa, kanti abanye kungase kuthathe izinyanga ukuthi balulame ngokugcwele. Zombili lezi zimo zijwayelekile, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqondisa kulo lonke le nqubo.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zezinkinga ze-craniotomy?

Ezinye izici zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ngesikhathi noma ngemva kwe-craniotomy. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi lithathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuphepha futhi kukusiza ukuthi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ubudala buyisici esisodwa esibalulekile, njengoba abadala kungenzeka babe nengozi enkulu yezinkinga ngenxa yezinye izimo zempilo kanye nezinqubo zokuphola ezihamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, ubudala bodwa abuvimbeli umuntu ukuthi abe nokuhlinzwa kwe-craniotomy okuphumelelayo.

Isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele sinendima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izinga lakho lengozi. Nawa amafektri amakhulu ayingozi angase athinte ukuhlinzwa kwakho:

• Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kwangaphambilini noma ukulimala ekhanda
• Isifo senhliziyo noma izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi
• Isifo sikashukela noma ezinye izifo ze-metabolic
• Izifo zokuphuma igazi noma ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi
• Isifo sezinso noma sesibindi
• Ukubhema noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okungathinta i-anesthesia nokuphola
• Izimo ze-autoimmune ezithinta ukuphola

Indawo nosayizi wendawo yobuchopho okuhlinzwa kuyo nakho kunethonya engozini. Ukuhlinzwa ezindaweni ezilawula imisebenzi ebalulekile efana nenkulumo, ukunyakaza, noma ukuphefumula kudinga ukunemba okwengeziwe futhi kungase kube nezingozi ezengeziwe.

Udokotela wakho ohlinza ubuchopho uzohlola ngokucophelela zonke lezi zici ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuhlinzwa. Bazosebenza nawe ukunciphisa izingozi futhi bathuthukise amathuba akho okuphumelela.

Ziziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-craniotomy?

Ngenkathi i-craniotomy ngokuvamile iphephile uma yenziwa ngodokotela ohlinzayo onolwazi, njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, inezingozi ezithile. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kungakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke ngesikhathi sokululama.

Abantu abaningi abane-craniotomy ababi nazinkinga ezingathi sína, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi yini engenzeka. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa lezi zingozi.

Nazi izinkinga ezingaba khona, kusukela kokuvamile kuya kokungavamile:

• Ukuvuvukala eduze kobuchopho (cerebral edema), okuvame ukuxazululwa ngemithi nesikhathi
• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa noma ngaphakathi kuthishu yobuchopho
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni noma eduze kwabo
• Ukuhlaselwa yizithuthwane, okungenzeka ngisho noma ungakaze ube nazo ngaphambili
• Amaqhubu egazi emilenzeni noma emaphashini
• Ushintsho lwesikhashana noma unomphela ekusebenzeni kobuchopho, okuhlanganisa inkumbulo, inkulumo, noma izinkinga zokunyakaza
• Ukusabela ku-anesthesia
• Isitroko esibangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi

Ezinye izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zihlanganisa i-brain herniation, lapho ukuvuvukala kubangela ukuthi ithishu yobuchopho ishintshe, kanye nokuvuza okuqhubekayo kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Lezi zinkinga azivamile kodwa zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma zenzeka.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze ukuze libone izimpawu zezinkinga futhi lingenelele ngokushesha uma kuvela izinkinga. Izinkinga eziningi zingelashwa ngempumelelo uma zitholakele ngokushesha, yingakho ukulandela imiyalelo yakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemva kwe-craniotomy?

Ukwazi ukuthi ungathintana nini nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ngemva kwe-craniotomy kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwakho nasekuthuthukiseni kwakho. Ngenkathi ukungakhululeki okuthile nezinguquko kujwayelekile ngemva kokuhlinzwa kobuchopho, ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nekhanda elibuhlungu elingathuthuki ngemithi ebhalwe udokotela yokudambisa ubuhlungu. Ngenkathi amanye amakhanda abuhlungu kulindeleke ngemuva kwe-craniotomy, ubuhlungu obanda ngokuqhubekayo bungabonisa izinkinga ezinjengokopha noma ukwanda kwengcindezi ebuchosheni.

Nawa amasignali okuxwayisa adinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliqhamukayo, elibuhlungu kakhulu kunobuhlungu bakho obujwayelekile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa
• Isicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka obusha ezingalweni zakho noma emilenzeni
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda inkulumo
• Ukushaywa yisithuthwane noma ukugonyuluka
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-101°F noma 38.3°C)
• Ukozela ngokweqile noma ubunzima bokuhlala uvukile
• Ukuphuma kwamanzi acacile emakhaleni akho noma endaweni yokusika
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yakho yokusika, njengokubomvu okwengeziwe, ukufudumala, noma i-pus

Kufanele futhi uthinte udokotela wakho ngezimpawu ezingaphuthumi kodwa ezikhathazayo njengokugidagida okuqhubekayo, izinguquko zombono, noma izinguquko zobuntu ezibonakala zingajwayelekile kuwe. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa izinkinga ezidinga ukuhlolwa.

Unganqikazi ukushayela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha uma ungaqiniseki ngezimpawu ezithile. Bangathanda ukukuhlola futhi bathole ukuthi konke kujwayelekile kunokuba ukulinde isikhathi eside ukufuna usizo ngenkinga enkulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-craniotomy

Q.1 Ingabe i-craniotomy ilungile ekwelapheni umdlavuza wobuchopho?

Yebo, i-craniotomy ivame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu imidlavuza yobuchopho. Ivumela odokotela ukuthi basuse imithombo yomdlavuza ngenkathi begcina inyama yobuchopho enempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemithombo yomdlavuza wobuchopho, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa nge-craniotomy kunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphulukiswa noma ukulawula isikhathi eside.

Impumelelo ye-craniotomy emidlavuzeni yobuchopho incike ezintweni ezinjengendawo yomdlavuza, usayizi, kanye nohlobo. Eminye imithombo yomdlavuza ingasuswa ngokuphelele, kanti eminye ingadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe njengemisebe noma i-chemotherapy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe i-craniotomy ibangela ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela?

Abantu abaningi ababi nakho ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela ngenxa ye-craniotomy uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa odokotela abahlinzayo abanekhono. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kunengozi ethile yezinguquko zesikhashana noma unomphela ekusebenzeni kobuchopho, kuye ngendawo yobuchopho okuhlinzwa kuyo.

Ingozi yemiphumela ehlala njalo ivame ukuba phansi kakhulu kunengozi yokushiya isimo sobuchopho esingaphansi singelashwa. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngalezi zingozi ezithile nawe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Umbuzo 3. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ku-craniotomy?

Isikhathi sokululama siyahluka kakhulu kuye ngobunzima bokuhlinzwa kwakho nempilo yakho yonke. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini elula phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4, kodwa ukululama ngokugcwele kungathatha izinyanga eziningi.

Kungenzeka udinga ukugwema imisebenzi eqinile amasonto angu-6-8, futhi abanye abantu bangase badinge izinsiza zokuvuselela ukuze bathole amakhono athile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlinzeka ngemigomo ethile ngokusekelwe ecaleni lakho.

Umbuzo 4. Ngizobe ngivukile ngesikhathi se-craniotomy?

Ama-craniotomies amaningi enziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, okusho ukuthi ngeke uqaphele nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinqubo zidinga i-craniotomy evukile, lapho uqaphela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kobuchopho ngesikhathi sangempela.

Uma i-craniotomy evukile inconywa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizochaza ukuthi kungani kudingekile nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ukuvulwa kwekhanda ngokwalo kwenziwa ngenkathi ulaliswe, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo.

Umbuzo 5. Ngingaphila impilo ejwayelekile ngemva kwe-craniotomy?

Abantu abaningi babuyela ezimpilweni ezijwayelekile ngokuphelele ngemva kwe-craniotomy, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwenza izinguquko ezithile. Umphumela wakho uncike esizathu sokuhlinzwa, indawo yokusebenza, nokuthi ululama kahle kangakanani.

Abanye abantu bathola ngcono izimpawu zabo ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma inqubo iphumelele ekwelapheni izimo ezinjengezicubu zobuchopho noma ukuquleka. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza nawe ukuze likhulise ukululama kwakho futhi likusize ukuthi uzuze izinga elingcono kakhulu lempilo.