Yini i-Echocardiogram? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-echocardiogram iwukuhlolwa okuphephile, okungabuhlungu okusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe ezihambayo zenhliziyo yakho. Cabanga ngayo njenge-ultrasound yenhliziyo yakho - ubuchwepheshe obufanayo odokotela ababusebenzisela ukuhlola izingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lolu vivinyo lusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphampa kahle kangakanani igazi futhi ihlole noma yiziphi izinkinga zesakhiwo zamagumbi enhliziyo yakho, ama-valve, noma izindonga.

Yini i-echocardiogram?

I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo anezinga eliphezulu okuthiwa i-ultrasound ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo yakho ngesikhathi sangempela. Lolu vivinyo lubonisa inhliziyo yakho ishaya futhi iphampa igazi, inikeze odokotela umbono ocacile wesakhiwo nomsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho. Ngokungafani ne-X-rays noma ama-CT scans, ama-echocardiograms awasebenzisi imisebe, okwenza aphephe ngokuphelele kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-echocardiograms, kodwa evame kakhulu yi-transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Ngesikhathi salolu vivinyo, uchwepheshe ubeka idivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-transducer esifubeni sakho. I-transducer ithumela amaza omsindo odongeni lwesifuba sakho enhliziyweni yakho, futhi ama-echo abuyayo adala izithombe ezinemininingwane esikrinini sekhompyutha.

Kungani kwenziwa i-echocardiogram?

Odokotela ba-oda ama-echocardiograms ukuhlola izinkinga zenhliziyo nokuqapha impilo yenhliziyo. Lolu vivinyo lungathola izinkinga ngekhono lenhliziyo yakho lokumpompa, umsebenzi we-valve, nesakhiwo esiphelele. Ingenye yezinto eziwusizo kakhulu odokotela benhliziyo abanazo ekuxilongeni nasekuphatheni izimo zenhliziyo.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-echocardiogram uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingase zibonise izinkinga zenhliziyo. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngesikhathi semisebenzi ejwayelekile
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, amaqakala, noma izinyawo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Isiyezi noma iziqephu zokuquleka

Ngaphandle kokuhlola izimpawu, ama-echocardiogram asiza odokotela ukuthi baqaphe izimo zenhliziyo ezikhona futhi bahlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani. Ama-echocardiogram avamile angalandela izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lolu vivinyo futhi lunenzuzo ekutholeni izimo ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo, kusukela kwezivamile kuya kwezingavamile. Izimo ezivamile zihlanganisa izinkinga zamavalvu enhliziyo, lapho amavalvu engavuleki noma avaleki kahle, kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha yenhliziyo obizwa ngokuthi i-cardiomyopathy. Izimo ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima lolu vivinyo olungazithola zihlanganisa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho, amahlule egazi enhliziyweni, kanye nezimila ezithinta imisipha yenhliziyo.

Yini inqubo ye-echocardiogram?

Inqubo ye-echocardiogram ejwayelekile iqondile futhi ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60. Uzoqala ulale etafuleni lokuhlolwa, ngokuvamile ngohlangothi lwakho lwesobunxele, ngenkathi uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe obizwa ngokuthi i-sonographer enza lolu vivinyo. Igumbi livame ukukhanyiswa kancane ukuze uchwepheshe akwazi ukubona kangcono izithombe esikrinini.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-sonographer izobeka iziqeshana ezincane zama-electrode esifubeni sakho ukuze iqaphe isigqi senhliziyo yakho. Okulandelayo, bazosebenzisa i-gel ecacile esifubeni sakho - le gel isiza amagagasi omsindo ukuthi ahambe kangcono phakathi kwe-transducer nesikhumba sakho. I-gel ingase izizwe ibanda ekuqaleni, kodwa ayilimazi futhi igezeka kalula.

I-sonographer izobe isinyakazisa i-transducer ezindaweni ezihlukene zesifuba sakho ukuze ithwebule izithombe ezinamakhona ahlukahlukene. Ungase uzwe ingcindezi emnene njengoba becindezela i-transducer esifubeni sakho, kodwa lolu vivinyo alibuhlungu. Ungase uzwe imisindo yokuhhewula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa - lokhu kuvamile futhi kumelela igazi eligeleza enhliziyweni yakho.

Ngesinye isikhathi, udokotela wakho angase ayalele uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-echocardiogram. I-stress echocardiogram ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokuzivocavoca noma imithi ukuze kubonwe ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isabela kanjani ekucindezelekeni ngokomzimba. I-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) isebenzisa i-probe ekhethekile efakwa ngomlomo wakho iye e-esophagus yakho ukuze uthole izithombe ezicacile zezakhiwo ezithile zenhliziyo.

Ungalungiselela kanjani i-echocardiogram yakho?

Ukulungiselela i-echocardiogram ejwayelekile kulula futhi kudinga umzamo omncane ngakho. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, futhi akudingeki uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngqo ukuthi wenze njalo. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokulungiselela ibe lula kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izivivinyo zezokwelapha.

Ngosuku lokuhlolwa kwakho, gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile ongazisusa kalula kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu. Uzodinga ukuzikhupha kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu futhi ugqoke ingubo yesibhedlela evuleka ngaphambili. Gwema ukugqoka ubucwebe, ikakhulukazi imigexo, njengoba uzodinga ukuyisusa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Uma wenza i-stress echocardiogram, ukulungiselela kwakho kuzohluka kancane. Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi ugweme i-caffeine amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa futhi ugqoke izicathulo ezikhululekile ezifanele ukuhamba noma ukugijima. Kufanele futhi ugweme ukudla ukudla okukhulu kungakapheli amahora amabili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ukuze uthole i-transesophageal echocardiogram, uzodinga ukuzila ukudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo. Udokotela wakho uzohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile mayelana nokuthi uyeke nini ukudla nokuphuza. Uzodinga futhi othile ozokuqhuba ekhaya ngemva kwalokho njengoba uzothola ukuthuliswa.

Ungayifunda kanjani i-echocardiogram yakho?

Ukufunda i-echocardiogram kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, kodwa ukuqonda izilinganiso eziyisisekelo kungakusiza ukuba ube nezingxoxo ezinolwazi olwengeziwe nodokotela wakho. Umbiko uzohlanganisa izilinganiso eziningana ezibalulekile ezibonisa izici ezihlukene zomsebenzi nesakhiwo senhliziyo yakho.

Enye yezilinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu yi-ejection fraction (EF), ekhombisa ukuthi ingakanani igazi inhliziyo yakho elikhipha ngokuqina ngakunye. I-ejection fraction ejwayelekile ivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-55% no-70%. Uma i-ejection fraction yakho ingaphansi kuka-50%, kungase kubonise ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo yakho ayikhiphi igazi ngendlela efanele.

Umbiko uzofaka ulwazi ngosayizi wenhliziyo yakho nobukhulu bezindonga. Izindonga zenhliziyo ezijwayelekile azishoni kakhulu noma zincane kakhulu, futhi amagumbi enhliziyo kufanele abe nosayizi ofanele umzimba wakho. Izindonga eziqine kakhulu zingase zikhombe umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ezinye izimo, kuyilapho amagumbi andisiwe angabonisa izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo.

Ukusebenza kwamavalvu kungenye into ebalulekile ye-echocardiogram. Umbiko uzochaza ukuthi ngamavalvu akho amane enhliziyo asebenza kahle kangakanani. Amagama athi

Usayizi wamagumbi enhliziyo alinganiswa ngamasentimitha futhi uqhathaniswa nobubanzi obujwayelekile bosayizi womzimba wakho. I-ventricle yesobunxele ejwayelekile (igumbi eliyinhloko lokumpompa kwenhliziyo yakho) ngokuvamile ilinganiswa ngama-3.9 kuya kuma-5.3 cm ngobubanzi ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Izindonga zaleli gumbi kufanele zibe ngu-0.6 kuya ku-1.1 cm ubukhulu.

Umsebenzi we-valve ngokuvamile uchazwa njengojwayelekile, noma ngamazinga ahlukahlukene e-regurgitation noma i-stenosis. I-regurgitation encane noma ethambile ivamile futhi ngokuvamile ayikhathazi. Izinkinga ze-valve eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu zidinga ukuqashwa okuseduze futhi mhlawumbe nokwelashwa.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zemiphumela ye-echocardiogram engajwayelekile?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nemiphumela ye-echocardiogram engajwayelekile. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza ukuthi usebenze nodokotela wakho ukuze ugcine impilo enhle yenhliziyo futhi ubambe izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi.

Ubudala buyinye yezici eziyingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba umsebenzi wenhliziyo ushintsha ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba sikhula, izindonga zenhliziyo yethu zingase zibe makhulu kancane, futhi ama-valve ethu angase athuthukise ukuvuza okuncane. Lezi zinguquko ezihlobene nobudala zivame ukujwayelekile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingathuthuka zibe izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta uhlelo lwakho lwe-cardiovascular zingaholela emiphumeleni engajwayelekile. Nazi izimo ezivame kakhulu ezingathinta i-echocardiogram yakho:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu, ongabangela ukujiya kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Isifo sikashukela, esingalimaza imithambo yegazi kanye nemisipha yenhliziyo
• I-cholesterol ephezulu, eholela esifweni semithambo yenhliziyo
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwangaphambilini noma isifo senhliziyo
• Umlando womndeni wezinkinga zenhliziyo
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni

Izici zokuphila nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo. Ukubhema kulimaza imithambo yegazi futhi kunciphisa ukulethwa komoya-mpilo emsipheni wakho wenhliziyo. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kungayenza buthaka imisipha yenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuntula umsebenzi womzimba kungaholela ekungabi nempilo enhle ye-cardiovascular kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo.

Imithi ethile nayo ingathinta imiphumela ye-echocardiogram. Imithi ye-chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Uma uthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza, udokotela wakho angase ayalele ama-echocardiogram avamile ukuqapha ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingenzeka zemiphumela engavamile ye-echocardiogram?

Imiphumela engavamile ye-echocardiogram ayisho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo esibi, kodwa ikhomba ukuthi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho noma isakhiwo sehluka ebangeni elivamile. Ukubaluleka kwalokhu okutholakele kuncike ekungavameni okuthile kanye nesithombe sakho sonke sempilo.

Uma i-echocardiogram yakho ikhombisa ukwehla kwe-ejection fraction, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ingapompi igazi ngempumelelo njengoba kufanele. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabangela izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula kanzima, ukukhathala, nokuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho noma esiswini. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abanenhliziyo ehlulekayo bangagcina izinga elihle lempilo.

Izinkinga zama-valve ezitholwe ku-echocardiogram zingahluka kusuka kokulula kuya kokubi. Ukuhlehla kwe-valve okulula noma i-stenosis ngokuvamile akubangeli izimpawu futhi kungase kudingeke nje ukuqapha. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ezinkulu zama-valve zingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, noma unhlangothi uma kungelashwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zama-valve zingelashwa ngempumelelo ngemithi noma izinqubo.

Ukungajwayeleki kokunyakaza kodonga kungase kubonise ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwangaphambilini noma ukuqhubeka kokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ezingxenyeni zemisipha yenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu okutholakele kungase kwandise ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo ezinjenge-cardiac catheterization ukuze aqonde kangcono ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-echocardiograms ingathola izimo ezingathi sína ezinjengamaqhubu egazi enhliziyweni, izimila, noma izici zenhliziyo ezizalwe nazo. Amaqhubu egazi angakhuphula ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi, kuyilapho izimila zingadinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Izici zenhliziyo ezizalwe nazo kubantu abadala zingase zidinge ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa noma ukuqhubeka nokuqapha.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemiphumela ye-echocardiogram?

Kufanele uhlele ukuqokwa okulandelayo nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kwe-echocardiogram yakho ukuze nixoxe ngemiphumela. Noma ngabe imiphumela ijwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuyibuyekeza nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uqonde ukuthi asho ukuthini empilweni yakho yonke.

Uma i-echocardiogram yakho ikhombisa imiphumela engajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kusho ukuthini futhi axoxe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo. Ungashiyi uma uzwa amagama athi "ukuhlanza" noma "ukunciphisa ukukhipha ingxenye" - eziningi zalezi zimo ziyaqondakala ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nezinguquko zokuphila.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma eziqhubekayo ngenkathi ulinde imiphumela yakho noma ngemuva kokuyithola. Lezi zimpawu eziphuthumayo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba noma ukucindezela
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukuquleka noma izigameko ezicishe ziquleke
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
• Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, noma esiswini

Udokotela wakho angase akuqondise ku-cardiologist (uchwepheshe wenhliziyo) uma imiphumela yakho ikhombisa ukungajwayelekile okukhulu. Lokhu kuthunyelwa akusho ukuthi isimo sakho asithembi - odokotela benhliziyo banamathuluzi amaningi nokwelashwa okutholakalayo ukusiza ukuphatha izimo zenhliziyo ngempumelelo.

Ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile uma unesimo senhliziyo. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza isimiso sokuqapha esisekelwe esimweni sakho esithile. Abanye abantu badinga ama-echocardiograms minyaka yonke, kuyilapho abanye bangase bawadinge kaningi ukuze balandele izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo yabo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nama-echocardiograms

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-echocardiogram kulungele ukuthola izifo zenhliziyo?

I-echocardiogram ingathola izimpawu zezifo zenhliziyo ezedlule ngokubonisa izindawo zomgwaqo wenhliziyo ezingahambisani ngendlela evamile. Kodwa-ke, akuyona ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo senhliziyo esisebenzayo. Ngesikhathi sesifo senhliziyo esisebenzayo, odokotela ngokuvamile basebenzisa ama-EKG nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze benze ukuxilongwa ngokushesha.

Uma uke waba nesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esidlule, i-echocardiogram ingase ibonise ukungajwayelekile kokunyakaza kodonga ezindaweni ezithintekile. Lokhu okutholakele kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ukuthi isifo senhliziyo sithinte kanjani ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho futhi ahlele ukwelashwa okufanele.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe i-ejection fraction ephansi ngaso sonke isikhathi isho ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo?

I-ejection fraction ephansi ayisho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unehluleka kwenhliziyo, kodwa ikhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ayigxumisi ngempumelelo njengokujwayelekile. Abanye abantu abane-ejection fraction encishisiwe kungenzeka abanazo izimpawu, kanti abanye bangase bahlangabezane nezimpawu ezivamile zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela i-ejection fraction yakho kanye nezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze anqume ukuthi unehluleka kwenhliziyo yini. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kungathuthukisa kokubili i-ejection fraction yakho nezimpawu zakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umbuzo 3. Ingabe i-echocardiogram ingathola imithambo evalekile?

I-echocardiogram ejwayelekile ayikwazi ukubona ngokuqondile imithambo evalekile, kodwa ingabonisa imiphumela yemithambo evalekile emgwaqweni wakho wenhliziyo. Uma umthambo we-coronary uvaleke kakhulu, indawo yomgwaqo wenhliziyo ewuhlinzekayo kungenzeka ingahambisani ngendlela evamile, okuzovela ku-echocardiogram.

Ukuze ubone ngokuqondile imithambo evalekile, udokotela wakho uzodinga uku-oda ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-cardiac catheterization, i-coronary CT angiogram, noma ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenyukliya. Ngezinye izikhathi i-stress echocardiogram ingasiza ukukhomba izindawo zokugeleza kwegazi okungahlelekile.

Umbuzo 4. Kufanele ngibe ne-echocardiogram kaningi kangakanani?

Ukuvama kwama-echocardiograms kuncike esimweni sakho sempilo. Uma unomsebenzi wenhliziyo ojwayelekile futhi ungenaso isifo senhliziyo, ngokuvamile awudingi ama-echocardiograms avamile ngaphandle uma uba nezimpawu noma izici eziyingozi.

Uma unezimo zenhliziyo ezaziwayo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ama-echocardiograms anyaka ngamunye noma ngisho nokuqapha njalo. Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zamavalvu, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, noma labo abathola imithi engathinta inhliziyo bangase badinge ama-echocardiograms njalo emavikini ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12.

Q.5 Ingabe zikhona izingozi noma imiphumela emibi evela kuma-echocardiograms?

Ama-echocardiograms ajwayelekile aphephile kakhulu futhi awaziwa ukuthi anezingozi noma imiphumela emibi. Amaza e-ultrasound asetshenziswayo afana nalawo asetshenziselwa ama-ultrasounds okukhulelwa, futhi akukho ukuchayeka emisebeni. Ungase uzwe ukungakhululeki okuncane ngenxa yengcindezi ye-transducer, kodwa lokhu okwesikhashana.

I-gel esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa isekelwe emanzini futhi igezeka kalula ngensipho namanzi. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokucasuka kwesikhumba okuncane emathini e-electrode, kodwa lokhu akuvamile futhi kulungiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokususwa.