Liyini i-ENA Test? Inhloso, Amazinga/Inqubo & Imiphumela

I-ENA test, noma i-Extractable Nuclear Antigen test, ihlola ama-antibody athile angase akhiqizwe amasosha akho omzimba uma ehlasele izicubu zomzimba wakho ngempela. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwegazi lusiza odokotela ukuthi bathole izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-lupus, i-Sjögren's syndrome, kanye ne-scleroderma ngokuthola la ma-antibody athile egazini lakho.

Cabanga ngayo njengamathuluzi okuthola ukuthi ngabe amasosha akho omzimba ahambe kancane. Lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba wakho ludideka futhi luqala ukuhlasela amaseli anempilo, lukhiqiza la ma-antibody akhethekile ukuthi i-ENA test ingawabona.

Liyini i-ENA Test?

I-ENA test ilinganisa ama-antibody ngokumelene nama-extractable nuclear antigens, okuyizinhlobo zamaprotheni atholakala ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus yamaseli akho. La ma-antibody avela lapho amasosha akho omzimba ekhomba ngamaphutha lawa maprotheni avamile njengabahlaseli bangaphandle.

Lolu hlolojikelele ngokukhethekile lubheka ama-antibody ngokumelene namaprotheni amaningana abalulekile okuhlanganisa i-Sm, RNP, SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Scl-70, kanye ne-Jo-1. Ngamunye walawa ma-antibody angakhomba ezifweni ezizenzakalelayo ezihlukene, asize udokotela wakho ukuthi aqoqe ukuthi yini engase yenzeke emzimbeni wakho.

Abantu abaningi bathola lolu hlolojikelele uma sebeke bahlolwa ukuthi bane-ANA (ama-antinuclear antibodies) futhi udokotela wabo ufuna ukumba okujulile ukuthi yisiphi isimo esithile esizenzakalelayo esingase sibe khona.

Kungani Kwenziwa I-ENA Test?

Udokotela wakho uzo-oda i-ENA test uma esola ukuthi ungase ube nesimo esizenzakalelayo, ikakhulukazi uma ube nezimpawu ezingachazeki njengobuhlungu bamalunga, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ukukhathala okukhulu. Ngokuvamile isinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva komphumela omuhle we-ANA test.

Lolu hlolojikelele lubaluleke kakhulu uma ukhombisa izimpawu ezingakhomba ezifweni eziningana ezizenzakalelayo ezihlukene. Njengoba lezi zimo zingabukeka zifana kakhulu ezigabeni zazo zokuqala, i-ENA test isiza ukunciphisa amathuba.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko odokotela abancoma ngazo lolu vivinyo:

• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emalungeni nokuvuvukala okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okungachazeki, ikakhulukazi ukuqubuka okumise okwamavemvane ebusweni
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Amehlo nomlomo owomile ongawuphenduli ukwelashwa okuvamile
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ubuhlungu ngaphandle kwembangela ecacile
• Isifo sikaRaynaud (iminwe nezinyawo ziphenduka zibe mhlophe noma zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebandayo)
• Izinkinga zezinso ngaphandle kwencazelo ecacile
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ngaphandle kokutheleleka

Ngemva kokusho lokho, udokotela wakho angase futhi ayale lolu vivinyo uma unomlando womndeni wezifo ezizimele, ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zincane. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphatheni lezi zimo ngempumelelo.

Yini Inqubo Yokuhlolwa Kwe-ENA?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ENA kuwukudonswa kwegazi okulula okuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuqeda. Uzovakashela ilebhu noma ihhovisi likadokotela wakho, lapho uchwepheshe wezempilo ezoqoqa khona isampula elincane legazi emthanjeni engalweni yakho.

Inqubo yangempela iqondile futhi ifana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Uchwepheshe uzohlanza indawo ngesibulali-magciwane, afake inaliti encane emthanjeni wakho, futhi aqoqe igazi ethubeni elikhethekile.

Nakhu ongakulindela ngesikhathi senqubo:

1. Uzocelwa ukuthi uhlale kahle esihlalweni nengalo yakho yeluliwe
2. Uchwepheshe uzobopha i-tourniquet engalweni yakho engenhla ukuze enze imithambo ibonakale kalula
3. Bazohlanza indawo yokujova ngotshwala noma isibulali-magciwane
4. Inaliti encane izofakwa emthanjeni wakho (ungase uzwe ukucinina okufushane)
5. Igazi lizodonswa libe ngamashubhu amabili noma ngaphezulu
6. Inaliti izosuswa futhi kufakwe ibhandishi endaweni

Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu, futhi abantu abaningi abakutholi kungakhululekile ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi wokuhlola igazi. Ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi ejwayelekile ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

Ungalungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwakho Kwe-ENA?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ENA kudinga ukulungiselela okuncane kakhulu ngakho. Akudingeki ukuthi uzile noma wenze izinguquko ezikhethekile ekudleni ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhlela.

Ungadla ngokujwayelekile, uthathe imithi yakho ejwayelekile, futhi uqhubeke nomsebenzi wakho ojwayelekile oholela ekuhlolweni. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngemithi oyithathayo, ikakhulukazi imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba.

Nawa amanye amasu alula okusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuhlangenwe nakho okubushelelezi kakhulu:

• Gqoka ihembe elinemikhono engagqokwa kalula
• Hlala unamanzi ngokwanele ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
• Letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa nezithasiselo ozenzayo njengamanje
• Tshela uchwepheshe uma unesaba izinaliti noma wake waquleka ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwegazi ngaphambili
• Cabanga ngokuletha ukudla okulula uma uthambekele ekuzizweni unesiyezi ngemva kokudonswa kwegazi

Uma ukhathazekile kakhulu ngezinaliti, unganqikazi ukukusho lokhu eqenjini lezempilo. Banolwazi ekusizeni iziguli ezinovalo ukuthi zizizwe zikhululekile ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ungawafunda Kanjani Imiphumela Yakho Yokuhlolwa Kwe-ENA?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ENA ibikwa njengoba kungaba kuhle noma kubi ngamunye umzimba othile ohloliwe. Umphumela omubi usho ukuthi akukho okutholakele, kuyilapho umphumela omuhle ukhombisa ukuba khona kwama-antibody athile futhi ngokuvamile uhlanganisa inani lezinombolo noma i-titer.

Udokotela wakho uzochaza le miphumela kanye nezimpawu zakho, ukuhlolwa komzimba, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nama-antibody e-ENA amahle akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi unesifo esizimele, futhi imiphumela emibi ayikhiphi eyodwa ngokuphelele.

Nakhu okungase kukhombe imiphumela ehlukene yama-antibody:

• Ama-antibody e-Anti-Sm: Aqondile kakhulu ku-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Ama-antibody e-Anti-RNP: Ahlobene nesifo esixubile sezicubu ezixhumene
• Ama-antibody e-Anti-SSA/Ro: Ahlobene ne-Sjögren's syndrome kanye ne-lupus
• Ama-antibody e-Anti-SSB/La: Avame ukubonakala ku-Sjögren's syndrome
• Ama-antibody e-Anti-Scl-70: Ahlobene ne-scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
• Ama-antibody e-Anti-Jo-1: Axhumene nezifo zemisipha ezivuvukalayo

Khumbula ukuthi abanye abantu abanempilo bangaba namazinga aphansi ala ma-antibody ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa noma yisiphi isimo se-autoimmune. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isithombe esiphelele sempilo yakho lapho echaza le miphumela.

Ashoni Amazinga Aphezulu e-ENA Asho Ukuthini?

Amazinga aphezulu noma ama-positive e-ENA abonisa ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba akhiqiza ama-antibody ngokumelene nezicubu zakho. Lokhu kuphakamisa umsebenzi we-autoimmune ongase ube khona, nakuba kungasho ngempela ukuthi unesifo se-autoimmune esiphelele okwamanje.

Ukubaluleka kwamazinga aphezulu kuncike ekutheni yimaphi ama-antibody athuthukisiwe nokuthi amazinga aphakeme kangakanani. Amanye ama-antibody aqondile ezimweni ezithile kunamanye, futhi amazinga aphezulu avame ukuhlobana nesifo esisebenzayo.

Lapho amazinga akho e-ENA ephakeme, udokotela wakho cishe uzofuna ukukuqapha eduze futhi angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sokwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zamazinga Angavamile e-ENA?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ama-antibody ukuthi izivivinyo ze-ENA zizithola. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi bahlale beqaphele izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-autoimmune.

Into enkulu kakhulu yokuba nomlando womndeni wezifo ze-autoimmune, njengoba lezi zimo zivame ukwenzeka emindenini. Uma abazali bakho, abazalwane bakho, noma ezinye izihlobo eziseduze benesifo se-lupus, i-Sjögren's syndrome, noma izimo ezifanayo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu.

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba ngowesifazane (izifo ze-autoimmune zithinta abesifazane kaningi)
• Ubudala obuphakathi kweminyaka engu-15-45 (lapho izimo eziningi ze-autoimmune ziqala ukuvela)
• Izizinda ezithile zobuhlanga (amanani aphezulu kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika, i-Hispanic, kanye nabantu base-Asia)
• Ukuvezwa ezifweni ezithile ezingase zibangele izimpendulo ze-autoimmune
• Imithi ethile engabangela ukusabela kwe-autoimmune
• Ukuvezwa kwelanga okweqile (kungabangela i-lupus kubantu abathambekele kuyo)
• Amazinga okucindezeleka aphezulu noma izinguquko ezinkulu zempilo
• Ukubhema (kwandisa ingozi yezimo eziningi ze-autoimmune)

Ngemva kokusho lokho, abantu abaningi abanalezi zinto eziyingozi abalokothi bathuthukise izifo ze-autoimmune, kanti abanye abangenazo izinto eziyingozi ezibonakalayo bayazithuthukisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zimo kuhilela ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nemvelo.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingaba Khona Zemiphumela Ye-ENA Emuhle?

Imiphumela ye-ENA emihle ivame ukubonisa ukuba khona kwezimo ze-autoimmune ezingathinta izinhlelo eziningi zezitho zomzimba uma zingelashwa. Izinkinga ezithile zincike ekutheni ngawaphi ama-antibody akhona nokuthi yisiphi isimo esithuthukayo.

Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni ngokuhlolwa kwe-ENA empeleni kusiza ekuvikeleni izinkinga eziningi ngokuvumela ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini engenzeka uma lezi zimo ziqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphathwa okufanele.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezihambisana nemiphumela ye-ENA emihle zihlanganisa:

• Umonakalo wamajoyinti kanye ne-arthritis engamahlalakhona eholela ezinkingeni zokuhamba
• Izinkinga zezinso ezingaholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezihlanganisa ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu nokulimala okuthinta ukuphefumula
• Ushintsho esikhumbeni oluhlanganisa ukulimala nokuzwela
• Amehlo omile angaholela ekulimaleni kwe-cornea
• Ukubandakanyeka kohlelo lwezinzwa okubangela ukuquleka noma izinkinga zokuqonda
• Izifo zegazi ezihlanganisa i-anemia nokwehla kwamaplatelet

Izindaba ezikhuthazayo ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesimanje kungaphatha ngempumelelo iningi lalezi zimo uma zitholwe kusenesikhathi. Ukuqapha njalo nokwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni lezi zinkinga kakhulu.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemiphumela ye-ENA Test?

Kufanele ngempela ulandele udokotela wakho uma imiphumela yakho ye-ENA itholakala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilungile noma ayilungile. Udokotela wakho udinga ukuhumusha le miphumela ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho kanye nesithombe sempilo yakho esiphelele.

Uma imiphumela yakho ilungile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela lowo mhlanganiso wokulandela ngokushesha. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphatheni izimo ze-autoimmune ngempumelelo.

Kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngenkathi ulindele noma ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yakho:

• Ukuqala okungazelelwe kobuhlungu obukhulu bamajoyinti noma ukuvuvukala
• Amaqhuzu esikhumba amasha noma aqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo ngaphandle kwembangela ecacile
• Ushintsho olukhulu ekuchameni noma igazi emchameni
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Amehlo omile noma umlomo omile kakhulu othinta ukudla noma ukukhuluma
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuqhubeka buya ngokuya

Khumbula, ukuba nemiphumela emihle ye-ENA akusho ukuthi udinga ukwethuka. Abantu abaningi abanalezi zithako baphila impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokuqapha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokuhlolwa kwe-ENA

Q1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-ENA kulungile ekuxilongeni i-lupus?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ENA kunenani elikhulu ekuxilongeni i-lupus, ikakhulukazi ngoba kungathola izithako ze-Anti-Sm, eziqondene kakhulu ne-systemic lupus erythematosus. Uma izithako ze-Anti-Sm zikhona, zikhomba ngokuqinile i-lupus kunokunye ukugula okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuhlolwa futhi kuthola izithako ze-Anti-SSA/Ro, ezitholakala cishe kuma-30-40% abantu abane-lupus. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abanciki ekuhlolweni kwe-ENA kuphela ukuxilonga i-lupus - bakusebenzisa kanye nezimpawu zakho, ukuhlolwa komzimba, kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuphelele.

Q2. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-ENA okuhle kusho ukuthi ngempela nginesifo esizenzakalelayo?

Akudingeki. Ngenkathi imiphumela emihle ye-ENA ikhomba umsebenzi ozenzakalelayo, abanye abantu abanempilo bangaba namazinga aphansi alezi zithako ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa isifo esizenzakalelayo. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho, ukutholwa kokuhlolwa komzimba, neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi ngempela unesimo esizenzakalelayo.

Cabanga ngemiphumela emihle ye-ENA njengendaba ebomvu efunela ukuqapha okuseduze kunokuxilongwa okuqinisekile. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuphindwayo noma ukuqapha okwengeziwe ukuze abone ukuthi amazinga ezithako ayashintsha yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Q3. Ingabe imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ENA ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Yebo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ENA ingashintsha ngokuqinisekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amazinga ezithako angashintshashintsha ngokuya ngomsebenzi wesifo, impendulo yokwelashwa, nezinye izinto. Abanye abantu bangahlolwa bancome kodwa bathuthukise imiphumela emihle kamuva njengoba isimo sabo siqhubeka.

Yingakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bekhuthaza ukuphinda ukuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha noma uma ekuqaleni uhlolwe ukuthi awunawo kodwa uqhubeka nezimpawu ezikhathazayo. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukulandela ukuthi isimo sakho siphendula kanjani ekwelashweni.

Q4. Zikhona yini imithi engathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ENA?

Imithi ethile ingase ithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ENA, nakuba lokhu kungavamile. Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu, izifo zenhliziyo, noma ukuquleka ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antibody e-autoimmune.

Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ze-autoimmune ingase yehlise amazinga e-antibody ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Hlala wazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo, njengoba lolu lwazi lubasiza ukuthi bahumushe imiphumela yakho ngokunembile.

Q5. Kufanele ukuhlolwa kwe-ENA kuphindwe kangaki?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-ENA okuphindwayo kuncike esimweni sakho ngasinye. Uma unesimo se-autoimmune esitholakele, udokotela wakho angase aphinde akuhlole ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze aqaphe umsebenzi wesifo nokuphendula ekwelashweni, ngokuvamile njalo emavikini angu-6-12.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kwaba okungalungile kodwa uqhubeka nezimpawu ezisikisela isimo se-autoimmune, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kabusha emavikini angu-6-12. Kubantu abanezimo ze-autoimmune ezizinzile, ezilawulwa kahle, ukuhlolwa okungavamile kungase kwanele.