Iyini i-Fecal Occult Blood Test? Injongo, Amazinga/Inqubo & Umphumela

I-fecal occult blood test ihlola igazi elicashe esitulweni sakho ongaliboni ngamehlo akho. Lolu vivinyo olulula lokuhlola lusiza odokotela ukuthola ukopha noma yikuphi ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla, kusukela esiswini sakho kuya emathunjini akho amakhulu. Igama elithi "occult" limane nje lisho ukuthi lifihliwe noma alibonakali, ngakho-ke lolu vivinyo lithola igazi elikhona kodwa lingabonakali kuwe.

Yini i-fecal occult blood test?

I-fecal occult blood test iyithuluzi lokuhlola elithola inani elincane legazi esampulini yakho yesitulo. Umzila wakho wokugaya ukudla ungopha ngezizathu eziningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kuncane kakhulu kangangokuthi ngeke uqaphele izinguquko ekuhambeni kwamathumbu akho.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalolu vivinyo. I-guaiac-based test (gFOBT) isebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuthola igazi, kuyilapho i-immunochemical test (FIT) isebenzisa ama-antibody ukuthola amaprotheni egazi lomuntu. Zombili izivivinyo zisebenzela injongo efanayo kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile.

Lolu vivinyo lubaluleke kakhulu ngoba lungabamba izinkinga zisasekuqaleni, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuthi ube nanoma yiziphi izimpawu. Izimo eziningi ezibangela ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini ziqala zincane futhi ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kungani kwenziwa i-fecal occult blood test?

Odokotela batusa lolu vivinyo ikakhulukazi ukuhlola umdlavuza we-colorectal kanye nama-polyps angaphambi komdlavuza. Ukutholwa kwalezi zimo ngokushesha kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokwelashwa kanye namazinga okusinda.

Lolu vivinyo futhi lusiza ekuphenyeni izimpawu ezingachazeki njengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, noma i-iron deficiency anemia. Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba wakho ubonisa izimpawu zokulahlekelwa igazi ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugaya ukudla.

Ngaphandle kokuhlola umdlavuza, lolu vivinyo lungathola ezinye izimo ezibangela ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-inflammatory bowel disease, izilonda, i-diverticulosis, nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo abaningi batusa ukuhlolwa njalo kusukela eminyakeni engama-45 kuya kwengama-50 kubantu abasengozini evamile. Uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angase atuse ukuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwegazi eliyimfihlo endleni yokuzikhulula?

Inqubo iqondile futhi ungenza ekhaya ngesethi evela ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Uzoqoqa amasampula amancane endle yakho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngokuvamile kusuka ekuhambeni kwamathumbu okuthathu okuhlukene.

Nakhu okuhilela inqubo ngokuvamile:

1. Udokotela wakho ukunika ikhithi yokuhlola eneziyalezo ezinemininingwane
2. Uqoqa amasampula amancane endle usebenzisa amathuluzi anikeziwe
3. Ubeka amasampula kumakhadi okuhlola akhethekile noma emashubhu okuqoqa
4. Ubuyisela amasampula ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma elebhu
5. Ochwepheshe baselebhu bahlaziya amasampula akho ukuze bathole igazi

Ukuhlolwa kwe-immunochemical (FIT) ngokuvamile kudinga isampula elilodwa kuphela, kanti ukuhlolwa kwe-guaiac ngokuvamile kudinga amasampula avela ekuhambeni kwamathumbu amathathu ahlukene. Lokhu kusiza ukwandisa ukunemba kokuthola noma yikuphi ukuphuma kwegazi.

Imiphumela ivamise ukutholakala phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya evikini. Ilebhu izothumela imiphumela kudokotela wakho, ozokuthinta ukuze axoxe ngalokho abakutholile.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi eliyimfihlo endleni yokuzikhulula?

Ukulungiselela kuncike ohlotsheni lokuhlolwa oluthathayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-FIT kudinga ukulungiselela okuncane njengoba kuthola ngokuqondile igazi lomuntu futhi akuthintwa ukudla.

Ngokuhlolwa kwe-guaiac, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugweme ukudla nemithi ethile izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izinto zingabangela imiphumela engamanga noma engemihle.

Ukudla okufanele ukugweme ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-guaiac kufaka phakathi:

• Inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, imvu, ingulube)
• Imifino eluhlaza ephezulu ku-peroxidase (ama-turnips, ama-radishes, i-broccoli)
• Izithelo ze-citrus nejusi
• Izithasiselo zensimbi

Kufanele futhi ugweme imithi ethile efana ne-aspirin, i-ibuprofen, neminye imithi eqeda igazi uma udokotela wakho ekugunyaza. Lezi zingakhuphula ingozi yokopha futhi zithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ungaqoqi amasampula ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ngoba lokhu kungcolisa ukuhlolwa. Linda okungenani izinsuku ezintathu ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sakho ngaphambi kokuqoqa amasampula.

Ungayifunda kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe esitulweni sakho?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibikwa njenge-positive noma i-negative. Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi akukho gazi elitholakele kumasampula akho esitulo, okuyinto ejwayelekile nelindelekile.

Umphumela omuhle ukhombisa ukuthi igazi litholwe esitulweni sakho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ngokushesha ukuthi unomdlavuza noma isimo esibi. Izimo eziningi ezingenasici zingabangela ukopha okuncane.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuyithuluzi lokuhlola, hhayi ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Umphumela omuhle usho ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ukuze unqume umthombo wokopha. Udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma i-colonoscopy ukuze ahlolisise ikholoni yakho ngokuqondile.

Ama-false positives angenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngovivinyo lwe-guaiac, ngenxa yokudla noma imithi ethile. Ama-false negatives nawo angenzeka uma ukopha kuqhubeka noma kuncane kakhulu.

Ungawalungisa kanjani amazinga akho okuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe esitulweni sakho?

Awukwazi ngokuqondile "ukulungisa" ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe esitulweni sakho elihle ngoba kuthola isimo esingaphansi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Umphumela omuhle empeleni wenza umsebenzi wawo ngokuqwashisa ukuthi uhlole ngokuqhubekayo.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kulungile, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze athole umthombo wokopha. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuqala nge-colonoscopy, evumela ukubonwa okuqondile kwe-colon yakho ne-rectum.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ngokuphelele kulokho okubangela ukopha. Ama-polyps amancane angase asuswe ngesikhathi se-colonoscopy, kuyilapho izifo zingase zidinge ama-antibiotics. Izimo ezingathi sína njengomdlavuza zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwe-oncology.

Okhiye awukho ekuphuziseni ukuhlolwa okulandelayo. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwanoma yini ebangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu.

Liyini izinga elingcono kakhulu lokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe esitulweni?

Umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe esitulweni ngomubi, okusho ukuthi akukho gazi elitholakele emasampulini akho esitulo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi akukho ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu emathunjini akho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Akukho “mazinga” egazi elifihliwe esitulweni njengoba kunjalo nakwezinye izivivinyo zegazi. Ukuhlolwa kuyi-qualitative, okusho ukuthi kuthola igazi noma akutholi. Akukali ukuthi kungakanani igazi elikhona.

Ukuhlolwa okungagcini ngokuphuma kwegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuqinisekisa, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuthola kuphela ukuphuma kwegazi okwenzeka lapho uqoqa amasampula.

Ezinye izimo zibangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile, yingakho odokotela bevame ukuncoma ukuphinda ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke uma ukusebenzisela ukuhlolwa komdlavuza.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe esitulweni?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nomphumela wokuhlolwa omuhle. Ubudala buyisici esikhulu esiyingozi, njengoba izinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla ziba njalo njengoba ukhula.

Umlando womndeni udlala indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi emdlavuzeni wamathumbu kanye nezifo zokuvuvukala kwamathumbu. Uma izihlobo eziseduze zibe nalezi zimo, ingozi yakho iyanda kakhulu.

Izici eziyingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-50
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps
• Umlando womuntu siqu wesifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu
• Ukubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala obuningi
• Ukudla okunenyama esetshenzisiwe eningi futhi enefayibha encane
• Ukuphila okungahambi kahle nokukhuluphala ngokweqile

Imithi ethile nayo ingakhuphula ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-blood thinners, i-aspirin, kanye nemithi engavuvukali engewona ama-steroidal uma isetshenziswa njalo.

Ukuba nezici eziyingozi akuqinisekisi ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele uqaphele kakhulu mayelana nokuhlolwa kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nomphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi eliyimfihlo eliphezulu noma eliphansi?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi eliyimfihlo elibi (eliphansi) ngaso sonke isikhathi ungcono kunomphumela omuhle (ophezulu). Lolu vivinyo alukali amazinga ngomqondo wendabuko, kodwa kunalokho lithola ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwegazi.

Umphumela ongemuhle usikisela ukuthi umgudu wakho wokugaya ukudla awophi ngokuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa futhi kubonisa ukuthi izimo ezinzima njengomdlavuza we-colorectal mancane amathuba.

Nokho, umphumela omuhle akuyona indaba eyingozi. Izimo eziningi ezibangela imiphumela emihle ziyelapheka, ikakhulu uma zitholakele ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lolu vivinyo empeleni lukuvikela ngokukuxwayisa ukuthi uphenye ngokuqhubekayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukuhlolwa okunconyiwe uma umphumela wakho uqhubeka. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kwanoma yini ebangela ukuphuma kwegazi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa kwegazi eliyimfihlo elibi?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa ongemuhle ngokuvamile uyizindaba ezinhle, kodwa akuqinisekisi ngo-100% ukuthi awunazo izinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Umkhawulo omkhulu ukuthi lolu vivinyo lithola kuphela ukuphuma kwegazi okwenzeka lapho uqoqa amasampula.

Eminye imidlavuza kanye nama-polyps awophi ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke ingase iphuthelwe uma ingophi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho. Yingakho odokotela bencoma ukuhlolwa njalo kunokuhlolwa kwesikhathi esisodwa.

Inani elincane kakhulu lokuphuma kwegazi lingase liwele ngaphansi komkhawulo wokutholwa kokuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuma kwegazi okuvela emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ongaphezulu (isisu, amathumbu amancane) kungase kuqanjwe ngama-enzyme okugaya futhi kungatholakali.

Imiphumela engamanga engemihle ingenzeka uma usebenzisa imithi ethile noma uma kunezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekuthathweni kwamasampula noma ekucutshungulweni. Yingakho ukulungiselela okufanele nokulandela imiyalelo ngokucophelela kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe elihle?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa omuhle ikakhulukazi udala ukukhathazeka nesidingo sokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, kunokuba kube nezinkinga eziqondile zomzimba. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo kokulinda imiphumela yokulandela ngemuva kungaba kubalulekile kubantu abaningi.

Okukhathaza kakhulu ukubambezeleka kokuhlolwa okulandelayo okunconyiwe. Noma ngabe yini ebangela ukopha kungenzeka kube kubi uma kungelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisimo esingaphambi komdlavuza.

Imiphumela engamanga emihle ingaholela ekukhathazekeni okungadingekile nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu ngesivivinyo se-guaiac, ikakhulukazi uma imikhawulo yokudla ingalandelwanga kahle.

Imiphumela yezezimali ingabandakanya izindleko zezinqubo zokulandela ngemuva njenge-colonoscopy. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense zihlanganisa lezi zinqubo uma zidingeka ngokwezokwelapha ngokuya ngemiphumela emihle yokuhlola.

Okubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umphumela omuhle yithuba lokutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa, hhayi ukuxilongwa kokuthile okungathi sína.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela wokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe?

Kufanele ubone udokotela uma unomphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe. Ungalindi noma unethemba lokuthi luzonyamalala ngokwalo - ukulandela ngokushesha kubalulekile empilweni yakho.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona igazi elibonakalayo esitulweni sakho, noma ngabe awukaze ube nalolu vivinyo. Izihlalo ezimnyama, ezinamathelayo noma igazi elibomvu ngokugqamile yizimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha zifaka:

• Ushintsho oluqhubekayo emikhubeni yamathumbu
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo noma ukuqaqamba
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukuntuleka kwegazi okungenziwa ngensimbi

Noma ngabe umphumela wokuhlolwa ungathathi lutho, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho uma uqala ukuba nezimpawu ezikhathazayo. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa kuphela okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, hhayi impilo yakho yonke yokugaya ukudla.

Izingxoxo ezivamile zokuhlola nodokotela wakho zibalulekile, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula noma uma unomlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-colorectal.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endleni yokugaya ukudla

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endleni yokugaya ukudla kulungile ekutholeni umdlavuza we-colorectal?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endleni yokugaya ukudla kuyithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuhlola umdlavuza we-colorectal, ikakhulukazi uma lisetshenziswa njalo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke ngalolu vivinyo kunganciphisa ukufa komdlavuza we-colorectal ngama-15-33%.

Kodwa-ke, akuphelele. Ukuhlolwa kungase kuphuthelwe imidlavuza engophi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, futhi akukwazi ukuthola wonke ama-polyps. Yingakho odokotela abathile bekhuthaza ukukuhlanganisa nezinye izindlela zokuhlola noma ukusebenzisa i-colonoscopy esikhundleni salokho.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endleni yokugaya ukudla okuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi kusho umdlavuza?

Cha, ukuhlolwa okuhle akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Izimo eziningi ezingenasici zingabangela ukuphuma kwegazi, okuhlanganisa ama-hemorrhoids, ama-anal fissures, izilonda, nezifo. Eqinisweni, imiphumela eminingi emihle ibangelwa izimbangela ezingezona ezinomdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kuklanyelwe ukuba kube nobucayi, okusho ukuthi kubamba izimo eziningi zokuphuma kwegazi kodwa futhi kuthola izimbangela eziningi ezingenangozi. Yingakho ukuhlolwa okulandelayo nge-colonoscopy kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela yangempela.

Umbuzo 3. Kufanele ngikwenze kangaki ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endleni yokugaya ukudla?

Imihlahlozo eminingi yezokwelapha incoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi elifihliwe endleni yokugaya ukudla minyaka yonke ukuze kuhlolwe umdlavuza we-colorectal kubantu abadala abasenobungozi obujwayelekile kusukela eminyakeni engama-45-50. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu uma unezici eziyingozi.

Uma usebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukuze uhlole, ukuqina kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuhlolwa okungahleliwe ngoba kwandisa ithuba lokuthola ukuphuma kwegazi okungahleliwe.

Umbuzo 4: Ingabe imithi ingawathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi elisithekile esitulweni?

Yebo, imithi ethile ingawathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Izinciphisi zegazi ezinjenge-warfarin noma i-aspirin zingakhuphula ingozi yokopha futhi zibangele imiphumela emihle. Eminye imithi ingaphazamisa nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa nemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela kanye nezithasiselo. Bangakunika iseluleko sokuthi ngabe udinga ukuyeka yini ukuthatha noma yini ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Umbuzo 5: Kwenzekani uma ngingakwazi ukuqoqa isampula lesitulo sokuhlolwa?

Uma unenkinga yokuqoqa amasampula ngenxa yokuqunjelwa noma ezinye izinkinga, xhumana nehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Bangakunikeza iseluleko ngezindlela eziphephile zokukhuthaza ukuhamba kwamathumbu noma baxoxe ngezindlela zokuhlola ezingezinye.

Ungasebenzisi izithambisi ngaphandle kokubheka kuqala nodokotela wakho, njengoba ezinye zingawathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ushintsho olulula ekudleni njengokwandisa i-fiber kanye nokuthatha amanzi kungasiza ngokwemvelo.