Liyini i-HPV Test? Inhloso, Amazinga/Inqubo & Imiphumela

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuhlolela i-human papillomavirus (HPV) emangqamuzaneni akho omlomo wesibeletho. I-HPV yigciwane elivamile elingaholela emdlalweni womlomo wesibeletho noma kwezinye izinkinga zempilo. Lolu vivinyo olulula lusiza odokotela ukuthi babambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi, lapho ziphathwa kalula. Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlolwa kokuvimbela okunikeza wena nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ulwazi olubalulekile ngempilo yakho yokuzala.

Liyini i-HPV Test?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuthola ubukhona be-human papillomavirus DNA emangqamuzaneni omlomo wakho wesibeletho. I-HPV empeleni iqembu lamagciwane angaphezu kuka-200 ahlobene, futhi lolu vivinyo ngokukhethekile lubheka izinhlobo eziyingozi ezingase zibangele umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukuhlolwa kusebenza ngokuqoqa isampula elincane lamangqamuzana omlomo wakho wesibeletho, ngendlela efana nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-Pap smear.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ezitholakalayo. Ezinye izivivinyo zibheka noma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi, kanti ezinye zingakwazi ukuhlonza izinhlobo ezithile njenge-HPV 16 ne-18, ezibangela imidlalo eminingi yomlomo wesibeletho. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukuhlolwa okulungile ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho, umlando wezempilo, kanye nemihlahlandlela yamanje.

Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa kanye noma esikhundleni se-Pap smear, kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezici eziyingozi. Abesifazane abaningi benza zombili izivivinyo ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabo okuvamile kwe-gynecological, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa ngokuhlanganyela.

Kungani kwenziwa i-HPV Test?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kusebenza njengesixwayiso sokuqala ngengozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Njengoba izifo ze-HPV zingahlala iminyaka ngaphandle kwezimpawu, lolu vivinyo lusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi zikhule zibe izimo ezingathi sína. Iningi lezifo ze-HPV empeleni liyazisusa ngokwalo kungakapheli iminyaka emibili, kodwa ezinye izifo eziqhubekayo ezinohlobo oluyingozi zingaholela ekushintsheni ngaphambi komdlavuza.

Udktela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ngezizathu eziningana ezibalulekile. Ungazuza kulokhu kuhlolwa uma uneminyaka engu-30 kuya ku-65 ubudala njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Isetshenziswa futhi uma uke waba nomphumela ongajwayelekile we-Pap smear ukusiza ukunquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo ekunakekelweni kwakho.

Ukwenziwa kwalesi sivivinyo kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezici ezithile eziyingozi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuba nabalingani abaningi bezocansi, ukuqala ukwenza ucansi ngesikhathi esemncane, noma ukuba nesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba ebuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-HPV ivamile kangangokuthi abantu abaningi abenza ucansi bazoba nayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ezimpilweni zabo.

Yini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV?

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV iqondile futhi ifana kakhulu nokuthola i-Pap smear. Uzoqamba amanga etafuleni lokuhlolwa ngezinyawo zakho kuma-stirrups, futhi udokotela wakho uzofaka ngobumnene i-speculum esithweni sakho sangasese ukuze abone umlomo wakho wesibeletho ngokucacile. Ukuqoqwa kwesampula kwangempela kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje futhi kuhilela ukusebenzisa ibhulashi elincane noma i-spatula ukuqoqa amaseli emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, ungase uzwe ingcindezi ethile noma ukungakhululeki okuncane, kodwa akufanele kube buhlungu. Abesifazane abaningi bayichaza njengokuzwa sengathi kukhona okuncane noma ukuqaqamba okuncane. Inqubo yonke ngokuvamile ithatha ngaphansi kwemizuzu emihlanu kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.

Ngemuva kokuqoqa isampula, udokotela wakho ubeka amaseli kusixazululo esikhethekile esiwagcinayo ukuze ahlolwe. Isampula bese lithunyelwa elabhorethri lapho ochwepheshe befuna khona i-HPV DNA besebenzisa izindlela zesimanjemanje ze-molecular. Ngokuvamile ungakwazi ukubuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile ngemuva nje kokuhlolwa.

Ungalungela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-HPV?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kulula futhi akudingi izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila. Okubalulekile ukuhlela i-aphoyintimenti yakho ngendlela efanele nokugwema imisebenzi ethile engase iphazamise ukuthola imiphumela enembile. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza ekuqinisekiseni imiphumela yokuhlolwa ethembeke kakhulu.

Nansi imiyalelo engakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele ngempumelelo:

• Hlela ukuhlolwa kwakho ngesikhathi lapho ungaqali ukuya esikhathini, okungcono izinsuku eziyi-10-20 ngemuva kokuqala kwesikhathi sakho sokugcina
• Gwema ukugeza ngamanzi, ukusebenzisa imithi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma ukuba nobudlelwano bobulili amahora angu-24-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
• Ungasebenzisi ama-tampon, okokugcoba kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma ama-spermicides okungenani amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kwalokho
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezilula ukuzikhipha kusukela okhalweni kuye phansi
• Cabangela ukuthatha umuthi wokudambisa ubuhlungu ongathengwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela cishe ihora elilodwa ngaphambi uma ukhathazekile ngokungakhululeki

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zilungiselelo zimane nje zokwenza imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ibe ngcono. Uma ngengozi wenza okuthile kulolu hlu, ungakhathazeki kakhulu - udokotela wakho usengakwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngempumelelo.

Ungayifunda kanjani i-HPV Test yakho?

Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kulula uma usuyazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke. Imiphumela ivame ukubuyela njengoba ilungile noma ingalungile, futhi udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile. Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi akukho zinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi ezitholiwe, kanti umphumela olungile usho ukuthi okungenani uhlobo olulodwa oluyingozi lwatholakala.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kubuya kungalungile, lezi yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi unengozi ephansi kakhulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okuvamile futhi eminyakeni engu-3-5, kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.

Umphumela olungile akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza noma nakanjani uzowuthuthukisa. Kumane nje kusho ukuthi unokutheleleka kwe-HPV okuqhubekayo okudinga ukuqashwa. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, noma ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-colposcopy ukuze ubheke eduze umlomo wakho wesibeletho.

Ezinye izivivinyo zinikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezitholakele. I-HPV 16 kanye ne-18 zithathwa njengezinhlobo ezinobungozi obukhulu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ezinobungozi obukhulu zingase zibe nobungozi obuncane. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzoqonda lezi zinto ngokuya ngesimo sakho sempilo.

Ungayilungisa kanjani izinga lakho lokuhlolwa kwe-HPV?

Ngokungafani nezinye izivivinyo zezokwelapha, akukho "zinga" elithile okufanele lilungiswe ngokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ngoba lithi lilungile noma alilungile. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlolwa ukuthi unayo i-HPV, kunezinyathelo ezinengqondo ongazithatha ukuze usekele ikhono lomzimba wakho lemvelo lokususa lesi sifo nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Isistimu yakho yokuzivikela yizona zivikelo zakho ezinhle kakhulu ku-HPV. Imizimba yabantu abaningi ngokwemvelo isusa izifo ze-HPV kungakapheli iminyaka emibili ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukusekela isistimu yakho yokuzivikela ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza le nqubo yemvelo.

Nazi izindlela ezisekelwe ebufakazini ezingasiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uphathe i-HPV ngempumelelo enkulu:

• Gcina ukudla okunomsoco okugcwele izithelo, imifino, kanye nama-antioxidants ukusekela ukusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela
• Thola ukulala okwanele (amahora angu-7-9 ebusuku) ukuze uvumele isistimu yakho yokuzivikela ukuthi isebenze kahle
• Zivocavo njalo, njengoba ukuzivocavoca komzimba kuqinisa impendulo yomzimba wokuzivikela
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokuphumula, njengoba ukucindezeleka okungapheli kunganciphisa ukuzivikela
• Gwema ukubhema futhi unciphise utshwala, ngoba kokubili kungalimaza ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo
• Cabangela ukuxoxa ngokwengezwa kwe-folic acid nodokotela wakho, njengoba ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi kungasiza

“Ukulungisa” okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unolwazi ngokuqokwa kwakho okulandelayo kanye nezincomo zokuhlola. Ukuqapha njalo kuvumela ithimba lakho lezempilo ukuthi libambe noma yiziphi izinguquko kusenesikhathi futhi lingenele uma kunesidingo.

Yini izinga elingcono kakhulu lokuhlolwa kwe-HPV?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa "okungcono kakhulu" kwe-HPV ngomubi, okusho ukuthi akukho zinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi ezitholwe esampulini yakho. Lo mphumela ukhombisa ukuthi unengozi ephansi kakhulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho eminyakeni ezayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV okungathathi hlangothi, ikakhulu uma kuhlangene nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap okujwayelekile, kunikeza ukuqiniseka okuhle ngempilo yakho yomlomo wesibeletho.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV akukhona ukuthola amaphuzu aphelele. Ngisho nomphumela omuhle akudingeki ukuthi kube yisizathu sokukhathazeka. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi oludingayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho kwezempilo kanye nokuhlolwa okulandelayo.

Isikhathi semiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV nayo ibalulekile. Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 futhi uhlolwa ukuthi unempilo enhle, lokhu kuvame ukungakhathazi ngoba amasistimu omzimba abantu abasebancane ngokuvamile asusa izifo ze-HPV kalula. Kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, umphumela omuhle ungase udinge ukuqapha okuseduze ngoba izifo eziqhubekayo ziba zibaluleke kakhulu ngobudala.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-HPV okuphezulu?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuhlolwa ukuthi unempilo enhle ye-HPV, kodwa ukuba nalezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi ngokuqinisekile uzotheleka. Ukuqonda lezi zici kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yakho kanye neshejuli yokuhlolwa.

Ukwenza ucansi yindlela eyinhloko i-HPV esabalala ngayo kumuntu nomuntu. Igciwane lingadluliselwa ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba ngesikhathi sanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi wezocansi, okuhlanganisa ucansi lwangasese, lwangemuva, noma lomlomo. Ngisho nabantu abaye baba nomlingani oyedwa kuphela ongathola i-HPV uma lowo mlingani wayetheleke ngaphambili.

Nazi izici eziyinhloko ezingakhuphula ingozi yakho yokutheleka nge-HPV:

• Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bezocansi noma umlingani owayenabalingani abaningi
• Ukuqala ukwenza ucansi usemncane, lapho isitho somlomo wesibeletho singase sibe sengozini enkulu
• Ukuba nesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula, imithi, noma izimo zezokwelapha
• Ukubhema ugwayi, okungase kuphazamise ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo ze-HPV
• Ukuba nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ezingase zikhuphule ukuzwela
• Ukungasokiwe (kubalingani besilisa), okungase kukhulise kancane ingozi yokudlulisela

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-HPV ivamile ngendlela emangalisayo - abantu abaningi abenza ucansi bazoba nayo ngasiphi isikhathi. Ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi wenze okuthile okungalungile, futhi ukuhlolwa okuhle akubonisi isimilo sakho noma izinqumo zakho.

Kungcono yini ukuba nomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ophezulu noma ophansi?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ibikwa njengokuthi ilungile noma ayilungile kunokuthi amazinga aphezulu noma aphansi. Umphumela ongemuhle ngokuqinisekile ungcono, njengoba kusho ukuthi akukho hlobo lwe-HPV oluyingozi olutholwe esampulini yakho. Lokhu kukunika wena nodokotela wakho ukuzethemba ukuthi ingozi yakho yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho iphansi kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.

Uma ucabanga ngomthwalo wegciwane noma inani legciwane elikhona, ezinye izivivinyo ezintsha zingahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokuthi ngabe unomthwalo wegciwane ophezulu noma ophansi. Ngokuvamile, umthwalo wegciwane ophezulu ungase ukhombise ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo okudinga ukuqapha okuseduze, kuyilapho umthwalo wegciwane ophansi ungase usikisela ukuthi isimiso sakho somzimba silawula ngempumelelo igciwane.

Nokho, into ebaluleke kakhulu akuyona ngempela inani legciwane elikhona, kodwa uhlobo luni lwe-HPV onalo nokuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani kulo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu abanomthwalo wegciwane ophansi bangase bathuthukise izinguquko ezingaphambi komdlavuza, kuyilapho abanye abanemithwalo ephezulu bangase basuse ukutheleleka ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV olungile?

Umphumela omuhle wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ungaholela ezinkingeni eziningana ezingaba khona, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-HPV abalokothi babe nezinkinga ezingathi sína. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi izifo ze-HPV eziyingozi eziqhubekayo zingase zibangele izinguquko emangqamuzaneni omlomo wesibeletho ezingase zithuthuke zibe umdlavuza uma zingaqashwanga.

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uyinkinga enkulu engaba khona, kodwa ngokuvamile ithuthuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kuphumelela kangaka – kubamba izinkinga ezigabeni zokuqala lapho zitholakala kalula. Izinguquko eziningi ezingaphambi komdlavuza zingelashwa ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokuba zibe umdlavuza ongahlaseli.

Nazi izinkinga ezingaba khona odokotela abazigadile ngemiphumela emihle ye-HPV:

• I-Cervical dysplasia (izinguquko ezingavamile zamangqamuzana) ezingase zidinge ukwelashwa noma ukuqashwa
• Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, nakuba lokhu kungavamile uma kubanjwe ngokuhlolwa njalo
• Izinduna zangasese ezivela ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV eziyingozi encane, ezivame ukungalimazi kodwa ziyakhathaza
• Ukukhathazeka okwandisiwe nokucindezeleka mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo
• Ukuqokwa okuningi kwezokwelapha kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola
• Umgomo onethonya ebudlelwaneni bobulili kanye nezingxoxo zokuhlela umndeni

Umgomo onethonya ngokomzwelo wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV okuhle ungaba mkhulu, futhi kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuzizwa ukhathazekile noma udidekile. Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-HPV kuvamile kakhulu, futhi izifo eziningi zizixazulula zodwa ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zomphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ongemuhle?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ongemuhle akuvamile ukubangela izinkinga, kodwa kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zikhunjulwe. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi akukho ukuhlolwa okuyi-100% okunembile, ngakho-ke kuhlale kunethuba elincane lomphumela ongemuhle wamanga, lapho i-HPV ikhona kodwa ingatholakali.

Imiphumela engamanga emibi ingenzeka uma isampula lingaqukethe amaseli anele, uma unesifo esisha kakhulu esingakakhi kuze kube sezingeni elingatholakali, noma uma bekunezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ngesivivinyo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimo azivamile ngezindlela zokuhlola zesimanje.

Nawa amaphutha angase avele ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV engemihle:

• Umuzwa ongamanga wokuphepha ongaholela ekweqeni ama-aphoyintimenti okuhlolwa okuzayo
• Ukuphuthelwa ukutheleleka okusha kwe-HPV okwenzeka phakathi nezikhathi zokuhlolwa
• Imiphumela engemihle engavamile engalibazisa ukutholwa kwezinguquko zomlomo wesibeletho
• Amathuba okutheleleka ngezinhlobo ze-HPV ezingahlanganiswa yisivivinyo esithile esisetshenzisiwe

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV okungemihle akusho ukuthi ungaqheka ukuhlolwa okuzayo. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kusebalulekile ngoba ungatheleleka ngamathuba amasha e-HPV, futhi imihlahlandlela ingashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezici eziyingozi.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela wokuhlolwa kwe-HPV?

Kufanele uxoxe ngokuhlolwa kwe-HPV nodokotela wakho njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwakho okuvamile kwe-gynecological, ngokuvamile kuqala cishe ngeminyaka engama-21-25 kuye ngemihlahlandlela yamanje. Isikhathi kanye nemvamisa yokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuncike eminyakeni yakho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini, kanye nezici eziyingozi zomuntu ngamunye.

Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuba yingxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho phakathi kweminyaka engama-25-30, kungaba ngokuqondile noma kuhlanganiswe nama-Pap smears. Uma uneminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu, odokotela abaningi batusa ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5 uma imiphumela yakho ingemihle, nakuba lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile.

Kufanele uxhumane ngokuqondile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimo:

• Uke waba nemiphumela engavamile ye-Pap smear esikhathini esidlule
• Unomlando we-cervical dysplasia noma ezinye izinto ezingavamile emgqeni wesibeletho
• Unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha noma imithi
• Uke wavezwa yi-HPV noma unozakwethu onokutheleleka kwe-HPV okwaziwayo
• Uba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokopha okungavamile noma ubuhlungu besinqe
• Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3-5 kusukela ekuhlolweni kwakho kokugcina komdlavuza womgqomo wesibeletho

Ungalindi uma unokukhathazeka ngempilo yakho yokuzala noma uma uqaphele izinguquko ezingavamile emzimbeni wakho. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokuhlolwa njalo kuyisivikelo sakho esingcono kakhulu emdlavuzeni womgqomo wesibeletho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-HPV Test

Q.1 Ingabe i-HPV Test ilungele ukuthola umdlavuza womgqomo wesibeletho?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuhle kakhulu ekutholeni ingozi yomdlavuza womgqomo wesibeletho, ngokuvamile kungcono ngisho nangaphezu kwama-Pap smears kuphela. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa luqaphela izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu ezibangela cishe yonke imidlavuza yomgqomo wesibeletho, okwenza kube yithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlola. Uma isetshenziswa kanye noma esikhundleni sama-Pap smears, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kungathola izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangokwethembeka okwengeziwe.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kunembe kakhulu kune-Pap smears ekutholeni izinto ezingavamile emgqeni wesibeletho, okusho ukuthi kubamba amacala amaningi adinga ukunakekelwa. Kodwa-ke, futhi akuyona ngqo kangako, okusho ukuthi kungase kutholwe izifo eziyoqeda zodwa ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga.

Q.2 Ingabe umphumela omuhle we-HPV test ubangela umdlavuza womgqomo wesibeletho?

I-HPV test ekhombisa ukuthi unayo akubangeli umdlavuza womgqomo wesibeletho, kodwa ikhombisa ukuthi unokutheleleka ngohlobo lwe-HPV oluyingozi olungaholela emdlavuzeni uma luqhubeka. Iningi le-HPV tests elihle alibangeli umdlavuza ngoba amasosha akho omzimba ngokuvamile aqeda ukutheleleka kungakapheli iminyaka emibili.

Ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo kuphela ngezinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu, okuhlanganiswe nezinye izinto, ezingaholela ekushintsheni kwamaselula okugcina kuholela emdlalweni womlomo wesibeletho. Le nqubo ivame ukuthatha iminyaka eminingi, yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kuphumelela kakhulu ekuvikeleni umdlavuza ngokutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa.

Q.3 Iqiniso kangakanani i-HPV Test?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kunembile kakhulu, ngamanani okuzwela avame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-95% ekutholeni izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kubona ngendlela efanele abantu abaningi abanalezi zifo. Ukucacisa nakho kuhle kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungaba ngu-85-95%, okusho ukuthi imiphumela eminingi engemihle imbi ngempela.

Ama-false positives angenza, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebancane abamasistimu abo omzimba alwa nezifo. Ama-false negatives awavamile kodwa angenza uma isampula lingaqukethe amaseli anele noma uma unokutheleleka kwakamuva okungakakhi kuze kube sezingeni elitholakalayo.

Q.4 Ingabe i-HPV Test ingathola zonke izinhlobo ze-HPV?

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-HPV okusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kugxila ekutholeni izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu eziyi-12-14 ezingabangela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngokuvamile akutholi izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi eziphansi ezibangela ama-warts e-genital, njengoba lokhu kungahlobene nobungozi bomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile zingathola izinhlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezinjenge-16 ne-18, ezibangela cishe u-70% womdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Kukhona futhi izivivinyo eziphelele ezingathola uhla olubanzi lwezinhlobo ze-HPV, kodwa lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ucwaningo kunokuhlolwa okuvamile.

Q.5 Kufanele ngithole kangaki i-HPV Test?

Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuncike eminyakeni yakho nemiphumela yangaphambilini. Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-25-29, imihlahlandlela iyahlukahluka kodwa ivame ukuncoma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emi-3 uma imiphumela ingemihle. Kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-30-65, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuphela njalo eminyakeni emi-5 noma okuhlanganiswe nama-Pap smears njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuvame ukunconywa.

Uma uhlolwa ukuthi une-HPV, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuhlolwa kaningi - ngokuvamile njalo emavikini angu-6-12 - ukuqapha ukuthi ukutheleleka kuyanyamalala noma kuqhubeka. Izici zakho eziyingozi, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kuzosiza ekunqumeni uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokuhlola olukufanele.