Created at:10/10/2025
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Ukuhlinzwa kwezihlathi, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-orthognathic, kuyinqubo elungisa izinkinga ngamathambo akho ehlathi nokuhlelwa kwamazinyo. Cabanga ngakho njengokushintsha indawo yomhlathi wakho ongenhla, umhlathi ongezansi, noma kokubili ukuze uthuthukise indlela asebenza ngayo ndawonye nokuthi ubuso bakho bubukeka kanjani.
Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lungalungisa izinkinga ezingakwazi ukusingathwa ngama-braces kuphela. Udokotela ohlinzayo womlomo usebenza eduze nodokotela wakho wamazinyo ukuze enze uhlelo lokwelapha olubhekana nokusebenza nokubukeka. Umgomo uwukukusiza ukuthi uhlafune, ukhulume, futhi uphefumule kangcono ngenkathi futhi uthuthukisa ukulinganisela kobuso bakho.
Ukuhlinzwa kwezihlathi kuyinqubo ekhethekile ethutha amathambo akho ehlathi aye ezindaweni ezingcono. Udokotela ohlinzayo unquma futhi alungise amathambo, bese ewavikela ngamapuleti amancane nezikulufo ezihlala emzimbeni wakho unomphela.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa kwezihlathi kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye edinga ukulungiswa. Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi ongenhla (i-maxillary osteotomy) kuthutha umhlathi wakho ongenhla, kuyilapho ukuhlinzwa komhlathi ongezansi (i-mandibular osteotomy) kushintsha indawo yomhlathi wakho ongezansi. Abanye abantu badinga kokubili izihlathi ukuthi zilungiswe, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bimaxillary.
Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka esibhedlela ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Izindlela eziningi zithatha phakathi kwamahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-4, nakuba amacala ayinkimbinkimbi angase athathe isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo usebenzisa izilinganiso ezinembile futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukucabanga ngekhompyutha ukuhlela kahle ukuthi umhlathi wakho kufanele ubekwe kuphi.
Ukuhlinzwa kwezihlathi kulungisa izinkinga zesakhiwo ezithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke nempilo yonke. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuthuthuka ngesikhathi sokukhula futhi azikwazi ukulungiswa ngama-orthodontics kuphela.
Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuhlinzwa kwezihlathi zihlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu zokuluma lapho amazinyo akho engahlangani kahle. Lokhu kungenza ukuhlafuna kube nzima futhi kubangele ukuguga ngokweqile emazinyweni akho. Ungase futhi ube nenkinga yokukhuluma kahle noma uzwe ubuhlungu ehlathini nekhanda.
Nawa amakhondishini amakhulu angase adinge ukuhlinzwa kwezihlathi:
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kunconywa ngezizathu zokuhlobisa lapho izilinganiso zobuso zithinteka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi bahlose ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza okuthuthukisa izinga lakho lempilo.
Inqubo yokuhlinzwa komhlathi iqala izinyanga ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho kwangempela ngokuhlela nokulungiselela ngokucophelela. Udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisana nodokotela wakho wamazinyo ukudala uhlelo lokwelapha oluningiliziwe esebenzisa ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan, kanye nezibonelo zedijithali zamazinyo akho.
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile uzogqoka izibhamu izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18 ukuze uqondanise amazinyo akho kahle. Lokhu kuqondiswa kwamazinyo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kubeka amazinyo akho ukuze ahlanganiswe kahle ngemuva kokuthi amathambo akho omhlathi anyakaziswe.
Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa uqobo:
Ukuhlinzwa okuningi komhlathi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umlomo wakho kuphela, ngakho-ke ngeke ube nezibazi ezibonakalayo ebusweni bakho. Ezimweni ezingavamile ezibandakanya ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukusikeka okuncane kwangaphandle kungase kudingeke.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, uzohlala esibhedlela izinsuku eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-2 ukuze uqashwe. Umhlathi wakho ungase ufake ucingo noma uboshwe okwesikhashana, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ngamasu anamuhla. Ukululama kuvame ukuthatha amasonto ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12, ngokuphola okuphelele okwenzeka ezinyangeni eziningana.
Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kuhilela izinyathelo zomzimba nezisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu. Ithimba lakho labahlinzi lizohlinzeka ngemiyalelo ethile eyenzelwe isimo sakho.
Inqubo yokulungiselela ivame ukuqala emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlinzwa kwakho. Uzodinga ukuqeda i-orthodontics yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kuqala, okungathatha izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kweziyi-18. Ngesikhathi lesi, amazinyo akho athuthwa ezindaweni ezoqondanisa kahle ngemuva kokuthi amathambo omhlathi wakho abekwe kabusha.
Nawa amasu okuzilungiselela okudingeka uwalandele:
Udkt. wakho ohlinzayo uzophinde axoxe ngezinketho zokuphatha ubuhlungu futhi anikeze imiyalelo enemininingwane ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Qiniseka ukuthi uqonda zonke izinyathelo ezihilelekile futhi ubuze imibuzo nganoma yini engacacile.
Ukuqonda imiphumela yakho yokuhlinzwa komhlathi kuhilela ukubheka kokubili ukuthuthuka okusebenzayo kanye nokuqhubeka kokuphola. Udkt. wakho ohlinzayo uzolandela ukululama kwakho ngokuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela kanye nezifundo zokucabanga.
Ngemva nje kokuhlinzwa, uzozwa ukuvuvukala nokungakhululeki, okujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Imiphumela yokuqala iba sobala njengoba ukuvuvukala kwehla emasontweni ambalwa okuqala. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokugcina ingathatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 ukuthi ithuthuke ngokugcwele.
Nakhu okukhombisa imiphumela ephumelelayo yokuhlinzwa komhlathi:
Udokotela wamazinyo wakho uzoqhubeka nokwelashwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze alungise ukuluma kwakho. Lokhu kulungiswa kwamazinyo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinyo akho ahlangana kahle ezindaweni zawo ezintsha.
Ukulungisa izinkinga zokulungiswa komhlathi kudinga indlela ebanzi evame ukuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwamazinyo nokulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa. Uhlelo lokwelapha luya ngokuthi bunzima kangakanani ubunzima bakho kanye neminyaka yakho.
Izinkinga ezincane zokulungiswa ngezinye izikhathi zingalungiswa ngama-braces kuphela, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezikhulayo nakubantu abasha. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ezinkulu zethambo kubantu abadala ngokuvamile zidinga ukungenelela ngokuhlinzwa okuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwamazinyo.
Indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yezinkinga ezinkulu zokulungiswa komhlathi ihlanganisa inqubo yokwelapha yezigaba ezintathu. Okokuqala, uzoqhubeka nokulungiswa kwamazinyo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze ubeke amazinyo akho ngendlela efanele. Ngemuva kwalokho kuza isigaba sokuhlinzwa lapho amathambo akho ohlathi ebekwa kabusha. Okokugcina, ukulungiswa kwamazinyo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kulungisa ukuluma kwakho futhi kuqede ukulungiswa.
Izinketho ezingahlinzwa zikhona ezimweni ezithambile futhi zingabandakanya ukwelashwa kwamazinyo, ama-bite splints, noma ukuzivocavoca komhlathi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zinomkhawulo futhi zingase zingahlinzeki ngokulungiswa okuphelele okungafinyelelwa ukuhlinzwa.
Isikhundla esingcono kakhulu somhlathi yilena evumela ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi igcina ukuhambisana nobuso nokulinganisela. Lesi sikhundla esifanele siyahluka kumuntu nomuntu ngokuya ngesakhiwo sabo sobuso nezidingo zabo.
Ngokomsebenzi, imihlathi yakho kufanele ikuvumele ukuthi uhlafune kahle, ukhulume ngokucacile, futhi uphefumule kalula. Amazinyo akho kufanele ahlale ndawonye kahle ngaphandle kokubangela ukuguga ngokweqile noma ukucindezela emalungeni akho omhlathi. Imihlathi engenhla nengezansi kufanele isebenze ndawonye ngokushelela ngazo zonke izinyakazo zomlomo.
Ngokombono wobuhle, imihlathi emisiwe kahle idala izilinganiso zobuso ezilinganiselwe. Iphrofayili yakho kufanele ikhombise ukuhambisana phakathi kwebunzi lakho, ikhala, izindebe, nesilevu. Ingxenye yesithathu engezansi yobuso bakho kufanele ilingane nezingxenye zesithathu ezingenhla nezimaphakathi.
Udkt. wakho ohlinzayo usebenzisa izilinganiso ezithile nokuhlaziya ukunquma isikhundla sakho esifanele somhlathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlola izilinganiso zakho zobuso, ubudlelwano bokuluma, nomsebenzi womoya. Ukucabanga ngekhompyutha kusiza ukuqagela ukuthi izikhundla ezihlukene zomhlathi zizothinta kanjani ukubukeka kwakho nomsebenzi wakho.
Ukuqonda izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokuhlinzwa komhlathi kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngenkathi izinkinga ezinzima zingavamile, izici ezithile zingakhuphula ingozi yakho.
Ubudala budlala indima ekupholiseni nasekutholeni, neziguli ezindala ngokuvamile zithola izikhathi zokuphola ezinde. Kodwa-ke, ubudala bodwa abuvimbeli ukuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo. Isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele sibaluleke kakhulu kuneminyaka yakho.
Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa komhlathi:
Udkt. ohlinzayo uzohlola lezi zici eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokubonisana kwakho futhi angase ancome izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa impilo yakho ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuyeka ukubhema, ukulawula kangcono isifo sikashukela, noma ukwelapha noma yiziphi izinkinga zamazinyo.
Isikhathi sokuhlinzwa komhlathi sincike esimweni sakho, kodwa kunezinzuzo ezingamazinga ahlukene eminyaka. Into ebalulekile ukuthi amathambo akho omhlathi aqedile yini ukukhula, okwenzeka ngokuvamile ngeminyaka engu-16 yamantombazane kanye neminyaka engu-18 yabafana.
Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi ngemuva kokuthi ukukhula kuqediwe kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Imiphumela yakho izobikezeleka kakhulu futhi izinzile ngoba amathambo akho ngeke aqhubeke nokushintsha. Izindlela zokuhlinzwa kanye nemithetho yokululama nayo isungulwe kahle ezigulini ezindala.
Abantu abadala abasebancane bavame ukuphola ngokushesha futhi bangase babe nokungakhululeki okuncane ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, bangase futhi babe nezinkathazo eziningi mayelana nomthelela wezenhlalo nezemfundo wokuhlinzwa nokululama. Ukuhlela ngesikole noma izidingo zomsebenzi wokuqala kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.
Abantu abadala bangase babe nokuhlinzwa komhlathi okuphumelelayo, nakuba ukuphola kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside. Izinzuzo zomsebenzi othuthukisiwe nokunethezeka zivame ukudlula isikhathi sokululama esinyukile kancane. Isimo sakho sempilo esijwayelekile sibaluleke kakhulu kuneminyaka yakho lapho unquma ukuthi ungakufanelekela yini ukuhlinzwa.
Nakuba ukuhlinzwa komhlathi ngokuvamile kuphephile futhi kuyaphumelela, njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa, kunezinhlobo ezingaba khona zengozi nezinkinga. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingenzeka kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uqaphele ukuthi nini lapho kufanele ufune ukwelashwa.
Izinkinga eziningi zisesikhashana futhi ziyalungiseka ngokunakekelwa okufanele nesikhathi. Izinkinga ezinzima azivamile, zenzeka ezingaphansi kuka-5% wamacala. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa izingozi futhi likuqapha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokululama.
Nazi izinkinga ezingaba khona okufanele uzazi:
Inkinga evame kakhulu ukuqaqeka kwemizwa okwesikhashana, okuthinta cishe u-10-15% weziguli. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuthuthuka kancane kancane emasontweni kuya ezinyangeni. Ukuqaqeka unomphela akuvamile kodwa kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlinzwa komhlathi ongezansi.
Udkt wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngezici zakho eziyingozi futhi achaze ukuthi bahlela kanjani ukunciphisa izinkinga. Ukulandela imiyalelo yangemva kokuhlinzwa ngokucophelela kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yezinkinga.
Kufanele uthintane nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zomhlathi eziqhubekayo ezithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma ezibangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Ezinye izinkinga zomhlathi zithuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingase zibonakale zincane ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe ngisho noma zingabonakali zinzima. Ukubamba izinkinga kusenesikhathi ngokuvamile kuholela ezinkethweni zokwelapha ezilula.
Nazi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kufanele ufune ukwelashwa:
Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu obuzumayo bomhlathi, ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo wakho, noma ukuvuvukala ebusweni, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa inkinga enkulu edinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Yebo, ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kungasebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni i-sleep apnea ezimweni ezithile. Lapho isikhundla somhlathi wakho sivimbela umoya wakho, ukushintsha isikhundla samathambo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala.
Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu ezigulini ezine-sleep apnea ebangelwa izinkinga zesakhiwo somhlathi kunokuba ezinye izinto ezifana nokukhuluphala noma ama-tonsils andisiwe. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzohlola i-anatomy yakho ethile ukuze anqume ukuthi ukuhlinzwa komhlathi kungasiza yini i-sleep apnea yakho.
Ukunqamuka unomphela kuyinkimbinkimbi engavamile yokuhlinzwa komhlathi, okwenzeka ezingeni elingaphansi kuka-5% wamacala. Iziguli eziningi ziba nokunqamuka okwesikhashana okuthuthuka kancane kancane emasontweni kuya ezinyangeni njengoba imizwa iphola.
Ukuhlinzwa komhlathi ongezansi kuthwala ingozi ephakeme kancane yokunqamuka kunokuhlinzwa komhlathi ongenhla ngoba imizwa isondelene nendawo yokuhlinzwa. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngezici zakho eziyingozi ezithile futhi achaze izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukusebenza kwemizwa.
Ukwelulama kokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa komhlathi kuthatha amasonto angaba ngu-6 kuya kwangu-8, kodwa ukuphola okuphelele kuqhubeka izinyanga eziningana. Abantu abaningi babuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni phakathi kwamasonto angu-2 kuya kwangu-4, kuye ngezidingo zomsebenzi wabo.
Iviki lokuqala lihilela ukungakhululeki okukhulu kanye nemikhawulo yokudla. Ukuvuvukala kuvamise ukufinyelela phezulu cishe ngosuku lwesi-3 bese kwehla kancane kancane emavikini alandelayo. Umsebenzi ogcwele womhlathi ngokuvamile ubuyela emuva phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3.
Uzodinga ukulandela ukudla okuguquliwe amasonto amaningana ngemva kokuhlinzwa komhlathi, kodwa ekugcineni ungaqala ukudla ngokujwayelekile. Ukuqhubeka ngokuvamile kuqala uketshezi, ukudla okuthambile kuya ekudleni okuvamile njengoba ukuphola kuqhubeka.
Iziguli eziningi zingadla ukudla okuthambile phakathi namasonto ama-2 kuya kwama-3 futhi zibuyele ekudleni okuvamile phakathi namasonto ama-6 kuya kwama-8. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzonikeza imihlahlandlela ethile yokudla esekelwe ekuqhubekeni kwakho kokuphola kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwe.
Ukukhokhelwa komshwalense ngokuhlinzwa komhlathi kuncike ekutheni kuthathwa njengokudingekayo ngokwezokwelapha noma njengokuhlobisa. Lapho ukuhlinzwa kulungisa izinkinga zokusebenza njengezinkinga ezinkulu zokuluma, izifo ze-TMJ, noma i-sleep apnea, umshwalense uvame ukuhlinzeka ngokukhokhelwa.
Uzodinga imibhalo evela kudokotela wakho ohlinzayo kanye nodokotela wamazinyo ekhombisa ukudingeka kwenqubo ngokwezokwelapha. Ukugunyazwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi enkampanini yakho yomshwalense ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuhlinzwa.
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