Kuyini Ukufakelwa Kwesibindi? Inhloso, Inqubo & Ukululama

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho isibindi esigulayo noma esilimele sithathelwa indawo ngesibindi esinempilo esivela kumuntu onikelayo. Lokhu kwelashwa okusindisa impilo kuba okudingekayo lapho isibindi sakho singasasebenzi kahle futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi.

Cabanga ngesibindi sakho njengesikhungo esikhulu somzimba wakho sokucubungula. Sihlunga ubuthi, sikhiqiza amaprotheni abalulekile, futhi sisiza ekugayeni ukudla. Lapho sehluleka, ukufakelwa kungakunika ithuba lesibili lokuphila okunempilo.

Kuyini ukufakelwa kwesibindi?

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu okuthatha indawo yesibindi sakho esihlulekayo ngesinye esinempilo esivela kumuntu onikelayo oshonile noma onikelayo ophilayo onikeza ingxenye yesibindi sakhe. Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa isibindi sakho esilimele futhi ngokucophelela exhuma isibindi esisha emithanjeni yakho yegazi nasemigudwini ye-bile.

Into emangalisayo ngokufakelwa kwesibindi ukuthi wena nomuntu onikelayo ophilayo ningaphila ngokujwayelekile ngemva kwalokho. Isibindi sakho sinamandla amangalisayo okuvuselela, ngakho isibindi esiyingxenye esivela kumuntu onikelayo ophilayo sizokhula size sibe nobukhulu obugcwele kini nobabili ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Le nqubo imelela ithemba kubantu abanesifo sesibindi esiphelile. Nakuba kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyinkimbinkimbi, ukufakelwa kwesibindi kunamazinga aphumelelayo amahle uma kwenziwa ezikhungweni ezinolwazi.

Kungani kwenziwa ukufakelwa kwesibindi?

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuba okudingekayo lapho isibindi sakho silinyazwe kakhulu kangangokuthi asikwazi ukusekela impilo futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha sezisetshenzisiwe. Udokotela wakho uzokuncoma kuphela lokhu kuhlinzwa okukhulu lapho izinzuzo zicacile ukwedlula izingozi.

Izimo eziningana ezingathi sína zingaholela ekudingekeni kokufakelwa kwesibindi. Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa izifo zesibindi ezingapheli eziqhubeke zaze zaba nokwehluleka kwesibindi, lapho isibindi sakho singasakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yaso ebalulekile.

Nazi izimo eziyinhloko ezingase zidinge ukufakelwa kwesibindi:

• I-Cirrhosis evela ku-hepatitis B noma C
• Isifo sesibindi esibangelwa utshwala
• Isifo sesibindi esinamanzi esingabangelwa utshwala
• I-Primary biliary cholangitis
• I-Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• I-Autoimmune hepatitis
• Isifo sikaWilson
• I-Hemochromatosis
• Ukushoda kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
• Umkhuhlane wesibindi ohlangabezana nemibandela ethile

Ezinye izimo ezingavamile nazo zingadinga ukufakelwa, okuhlanganisa ukuhluleka kwesibindi okungathi sína ngenxa yobuthi bemithi, izifo ezithile zofuzo, noma izifo ezingavamile ze-metabolic. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo yini ngokusekelwe empilweni yakho yonke kanye nethuba lokuphumelela.

Yini inqubo yokufakelwa kwesibindi?

Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwesibindi kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-12, kuye ngobunzima becala lakho. Ithimba lakho lokuhlinza lisebenza ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa umphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Inqubo iqala nge-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngemva kwalokho udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikeka okukhulu ngaphesheya kwesisu sakho esiphezulu. Bahlukanisa ngokucophelela isibindi sakho esigulayo emithanjeni yegazi kanye namapayipi e-bile ngaphambi kokususa ngokuphelele.

Okulandelayo kuza umsebenzi obucayi wokuxhuma isibindi somnikeli. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo unamathisela imithambo yegazi yesibindi esisha kweyakho, eqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegazi okufanele. Baphinde baxhume amapayipi e-bile, athwala i-bile esibindini sakho ukusiza ukugaya amafutha.

Izinyathelo zokugcina zihlanganisa ukuhlola ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukopha, ukuthi igazi ligeleza ngendlela efanele esibindini esisha, nokuthi i-bile ikhipha ngendlela efanele. Bese bevala ukusikeka ngama-sutures noma ama-staples.

Kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlinzwa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile ngokucophelela. I-anesthesiologist iphatha ukuphefumula kwakho nokujikeleza, kuyilapho abahlengikazi abangochwepheshe besiza ithimba lokuhlinza ngale nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ungalungela kanjani ukufakelwa kwesibindi sakho?

Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuhilela ukuhlolwa okukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unempilo eyanele yokuhlinzwa futhi cishe uzohlomula kukho. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni.

Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizokwenza izivivinyo eziphelele ukuhlola impilo yakho yonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi, izifundo zokucabanga, izivivinyo zomsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulungele ngokomzwelo lolu shintsho olukhulu empilweni.

Uma usuqinisekisiwe, uzobekwa ohlwini lokulinda ukufakelwa uma udinga isibindi somnikeli oshonile. Isikhathi sokulinda siyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo lwegazi lakho, usayizi womzimba, nobukhulu besifo. Abanye abantu balinda izinsuku, abanye balinda izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Ngesikhathi sokulinda, kubalulekile ukuhlala unempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lokwelashwa, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho, nokugwema utshwala ngokuphelele.

Uzodinga futhi ukuzilungiselela ngokwengqondo ukuhlinzwa nokululama. Lungiselela ukusekelwa komndeni, njengoba uzodinga usizo amasonto amaningana ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Qiniseka ukuthi izimali zakho nomshuwalense kuhlelekile, njengoba ukunakekelwa kokufakelwa kuhilela izindleko eziqhubekayo.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokufakelwa kwesibindi?

Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwesibindi, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqapha inqubekela phambili yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile nokunye ukuhlolwa. Ukuqonda le miphumela kukusiza ukuthi uhlale unolwazi mayelana nokululama kwakho.

Izivivinyo ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlola ukuthi isibindi sakho esisha sisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi umzimba wakho uyasamukela yini. Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wesibindi zilinganisa ama-enzyme namaprotheni abonisa ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle yini.

Izimpawu ezibalulekile zifaka i-ALT ne-AST (ama-enzyme esibindi), i-bilirubin (ephethe imfucuza), ne-albumin (iprotheni elenziwa yisibindi sakho). Amazinga e-enzyme akhuphukayo angase asikisela ukwenqatshwa noma ezinye izinkinga, kuyilapho amazinga ajwayelekile abonisa ukusebenza okuhle.

Odokotela bakho baphinde baqaphele amazinga emithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba egazini lakho. Le mithi ivimbela ukwenqatshwa kodwa idinga ukulinganiswa ngokucophelela. Kancane kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokwenqatshwa, kuyilapho okuningi kakhulu kungabangela imiphumela emibi noma kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ama-biopsy avamile angase adingeke, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula elincane lesibindi ukuze kuhlolwe ukwenqatshwa noma ezinye izinkinga ezingeni leselula. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kusabisa, kuyinqubo ejwayelekile enikeza ulwazi olubalulekile.

Ungayigcina kanjani impilo yakho yokufakelwa kwesibindi?

Ukunakekela isibindi sakho esifakelwe sidinga ukuzibophezela impilo yonke, kodwa abantu abaningi bajwayela kahle esimisweni sabo esisha. Okubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqhubekayo isiqondiso seqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

Umsebenzi wakho obaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba ngendlela eqondile njengoba kunqunywe. Le mithi ivimbela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angahlaseli isibindi sakho esisha, kodwa kufanele ithathwe ngeshejuli yempilo yonke. Ungalokothi weqe imithamo noma uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho.

Ukuqapha okuvamile kwezokwelapha kubalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside. Uzoqokwa kaningi ekuqaleni, bese kuba njalo njengoba isikhathi sihamba. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvumela ithimba lakho ukuthi libambe noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi futhi lilungise ukunakekelwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Ukuzivikela ekuthelelekeni kubalulekile njengoba imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba ikwenza ube sengozini enkulu. Geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema izixuku ngesikhathi sonyaka womkhuhlane, hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo evunywe udokotela wakho, futhi funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zokugula.

Izinketho zokuphila zithinta kakhulu ukuhlala isikhathi eside kokufakelwa kwakho. Gcina ukudla okunempilo, zivocavo njalo njengoba udokotela wakho encoma, gwema utshwala ngokuphelele, ungabhemi, futhi uvikele isikhumba sakho ekuchayekeni elangeni njengoba eminye imithi yandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokufakelwa kwesibindi?

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ngemva kokufakelwa kwesibindi. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kuyakusiza wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela engcono kakhulu yokukunakekela.

Iminyaka yakho kanye nesimo sempilo yakho esiphelele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ingozi. Iziguli ezindala noma lezo ezinokugula okukhulu kwenhliziyo, amaphaphu, noma izinso zingase zibhekane namanani aphezulu ezinkinga, nakuba iminyaka yobudala yodwa ingakukhiphi ekufakelweni.

Isizathu sokuhluleka kwesibindi sakho naso sithinta ingozi. Abantu abanezimo ezithile njenge-hepatitis C noma umdlavuza wesibindi bangase babe namaphrofayili ahlukene eyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abanezifo zesibindi zemvelo.

Izimo ezikhona ngaphambi kokufakelwa ezikhuphula ingozi zihlanganisa:

• Isifo senhliziyo noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwangaphambilini
• Isifo samaphaphu noma izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso
• Isifo sikashukela
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesisu kwangaphambilini
• Izifo zokuqina kwegazi
• Izifo eziqhubekayo

Izinto eziyingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa izimo ezithile zemvelo ezingase zithinte ukuphola, ukufakelwa kwezitho kwangaphambilini, noma ukuhlukahluka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-anatomical. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lihlolisisisa zonke lezi zinto ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuhlinzwa.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingenzeka zokufakelwa kwesibindi?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuthwala izingozi, kodwa izinkinga ezinzima azivamile ezikhungweni ezinolwazi. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lisebenza kanzima ukuvimbela nokubhekana ngokushesha nanoma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakamayo.

Izingozi zokuhlinzwa ngokushesha zihlanganisa ukopha, ukutheleleka, kanye nama-clot egazi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likuqapha eduze esibhedlela esigxile ekunakekelweni okukhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze libambe lezi zinto zisasekuqaleni. Abantu abaningi bayalulama ekuhlinzweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu.

Into ekhathaza kakhulu isikhathi eside ukwenqatshwa kwesitho, lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela isibindi esifakelwe. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe kuma-10-20% eziguli kodwa ngokuvamile kungelashwa ngempumelelo ngokulungiswa kwemithi uma kubanjwe kusenesikhathi.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase zivele zihlanganisa:

• Ukwenqatshwa okukhulu (okwelashwa ngoshintsho lwemithi)
• Ukwenqatshwa okungamahlalakhona (ukulimala kwesibindi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi)
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka emithini ecindezela amasosha omzimba
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Isifo samathambo
• Ukwanda kwengozi yomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesikhumba
• Izinkinga ze-bile duct

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zihlanganisa izinkinga zemithambo yegazi, izifo ezinzima, noma ukuphindeka kwesifo sesibindi sokuqala. Ngenkathi lokhu kuzwakala kusabisa, khumbula ukuthi iningi labamukeli bokufakelwa kwesibindi liphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemuva kokufakelwa kwesibindi?

Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwesibindi, uzoba nokuqokwa okuhleliwe njalo, kodwa kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi kufanele ufune nini ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ukusabela okusheshayo ezinkingeni kungavimbela izinkinga ezinzima.

Xhumana nethimba lakho lokufakelwa ngokushesha uma uba nomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F, ngoba lokhu kungabonisa ukutheleleka noma ukwenqatshwa. Njengoba amasosha akho omzimba ecindezelwe, izifo zingaba zimbi ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha zihlanganisa isicanucanu esiqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, noma ukukhathala okungajwayelekile. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinkinga zesibindi ezidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Kufanele futhi ushayele udokotela wakho uma:

• Izimpawu zokutheleleka (umkhuhlane, ama-chills, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela okungajwayelekile)
• Ushintsho endaweni yakho yokusika (ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukukhipha amanzi)
• Ushintsho olukhulu ekudleni kwakho noma isisindo
• Ukuvuvukala okusha noma okubi kakhulu emilenzeni noma esiswini
• Ukudideka noma izinguquko zobuntu
• Ukuphuma igazi noma ukulimala kalula
• Ubunzima ekuthathweni kwemithi yakho

Khumbula, ithimba lakho lokufakelwa izitho zomzimba lifuna ukuzwa kuwe uma ukhathazekile. Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukushaya ucingo futhi ubenze bakuqinisekise ukuthi konke kulungile kunokulinda futhi ubeke engcupheni yokulahlekelwa okuthile okubalulekile.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokufakelwa kwesibindi

Q.1 Ingabe ukufakelwa kwesibindi kulungile emdlalweni womdlavuza wesibindi?

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kungaba ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wesibindi, ikakhulukazi i-hepatocellular carcinoma ehlangabezana nemibandela ethile. Akuyena wonke umdlavuza wesibindi ofaneleka ukufakelwa, njengoba umdlavuza kumele ube sendaweni ethile futhi ungaqhubeki kakhulu.

Isinqumo sincike ezintweni ezinjengosayizi wethumba, inani lamathumba, nokuthi umdlavuza usabalale ngaphandle kwesibindi. Udokotela wakho we-oncologist kanye nethimba lokufakelwa izitho zomzimba basebenzisana ukunquma ukuthi ungumuntu oqokiwe yini ngokusekelwe emihlahlandleni esunguliwe eqagela imiphumela emihle.

Q.2 Ingabe ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyawelapha i-hepatitis C?

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kususwa isibindi esilimele yi-hepatitis C, kodwa igciwane lingathelela kabusha isibindi sakho esisha njengoba lizungeza emgudwini wakho wegazi. Kodwa-ke, imithi emihle yokulwa namagciwane manje ingawelapha ukutheleleka nge-hepatitis C ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokufakelwa.

Izikhungo eziningi zokufakelwa izitho zomzimba zelapha i-hepatitis C ngemithi elwa ngqo namagciwane ngaphambi kokufakelwa noma ngemva nje kwalokho. Le mithi inamazinga okuphulukisa angaphezu kuka-95%, iqeda ngempumelelo igciwane futhi ivikele isibindi sakho esisha.

Q.3 Isibindi esifakelwe izitho zomzimba sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izibindi eziningi ezifakelwe izitho zomzimba zisebenza kahle iminyaka eminingi. Cishe ama-85-90% abamukeli bokufakelwa izitho zomzimba basaphila ngonyaka owodwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi cishe ama-75% basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu ngesibindi sabo esifakelwe izitho zomzimba.

Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwesibindi sakho esifakelwe izitho zomzimba kuncike ezintweni ezinjengobudala bakho, impilo yonke, isizathu sokufakelwa, nokuthi ulandela kahle kangakanani ukunakekelwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Ukuthatha imithi njengoba kunqunyiwe nokugcina imikhuba enempilo kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Umbuzo 4: Ngingaba nezingane ngemva kokufakelwa isibindi?

Yebo, abesifazane abaningi baphumelela ekutholeni ukukhulelwa okunempilo ngemva kokufakelwa isibindi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulelwa kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela nokunakekelwa okukhethekile okuvela eqenjini lakho lokufakelwa kanye nochwepheshe wokukhulelwa okuyingozi.

Ngokuvamile uzodinga ukulinda okungenani unyaka owodwa ngemva kokufakelwa ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa, ukuvumela ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ukuthi kuzinze. Eminye imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba ingase idinge ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho kanye nomntwana wakho.

Umbuzo 5: Ngizodinga ukufakelwa esinye isibindi?

Abantu abaningi badinga ukufakelwa isibindi esisodwa kuphela empilweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye iziguli zingase zidinge ukufakelwa kabusha uma isibindi sabo sehluleka ngenxa yokwenqatshwa okungapheli, ukuphindeka kwesifo sokuqala, noma ezinye izinkinga.

Isidingo sokufakelwa okwesibili asivamile, senzeka cishe kuma-10-15% eziguli eminyakeni eminingi. Ukunamathela kahle emithini kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okudinga okunye ukufakelwa.