Yini Ukufakelwa izinso okuvela kumuntu ophilayo? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

Ukufakelwa izinso okuvela kumuntu ophilayo kuyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho umuntu ophilile enikela ngesinye sezinso zakhe kumuntu ohluleka izinso zakhe noma ohlulekayo. Lokhu kwelashwa okusindisa impilo kunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lempumelelo yesikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zokushintshwa kwezinso.

Ngokungafani nokulinda izinso ezivela kumuntu oshonile, ukunikela ngokuphila kuvumela ukufakelwa ukuthi kwenzeke lapho wena nomnikeli wakho nisesimweni esingcono kakhulu sempilo. Umzimba wakho ungasebenza kahle ngempela ngesinso esisodwa esinempilo, okwenza lesi sipho sempilo esimangalisayo sibe nokwenzeka.

Yini ukufakelwa izinso okuvela kumuntu ophilayo?

Ukufakelwa izinso okuvela kumuntu ophilayo kuhilela ukususa izinso ezinempilo kumuntu ophilayo nokuzibeka kumuntu ohluleka izinso. Izinso ezinikelwe zithatha umsebenzi wokuhlunga imfucuza noketshezi oluningi egazini lakho.

Lolu hlobo lokufakelwa lungavela emndenini, kubangani, noma ngisho nakubantu abangabazi abanomusa abafuna ukusiza. Umnikeli uhlolwa ngokujulile kwezokwelapha nengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unempilo eyanele yokunikela ngokuphepha. Okwamanje, nawe uzodlula ekuhlolweni okubanzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usukulungele ukuthola izinso ezintsha.

Into enhle ngokunikela ngezinso ukuthi abantu bazalwa benezinso ezimbili kodwa badinga esisodwa kuphela ukuze baphile impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo ngokuphelele. Izinso ezisele zikhula kancane ukuze zisingathe umsebenzi owengeziwe, futhi abanikeli ngokuvamile ababi nazinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Kungani kwenziwa ukufakelwa izinso okuvela kumuntu ophilayo?

Ukufakelwa izinso okuvela kumuntu ophilayo kunconywa uma izinso zakho zingasakwazi ukuhlunga imfucuza nezinto ezinobuthi egazini lakho ngempumelelo. Le nqubo ikunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokubuyela empilweni ejwayelekile, esebenzayo ngaphandle kwemingcele ye-dialysis.

Udktela wakho angase asikisele le nketho uma unesifo sezinso esiphelile esibangelwa izimo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sezinso se-polycystic, noma izifo ze-autoimmune. Lezi zimo zilimaza kancane kancane izinso zakho kuze kube yilapho zisebenza ngaphansi kuka-10-15% womthamo wazo ovamile.

Inzuzo enkulu yokunikela ngokuphila yisikhathi. Esikhundleni sokulinda izinyanga noma iminyaka ohlwini lokufakelwa, ungasetha ukuhlinzwa uma usaphila kahle. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abathola izinso ezinikelwe ngokuphila bavame ukuba nemiphumela engcono nokufakelwa okuhlala isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abathola izinso ezinikelwe ngabantu abashonile.

Yini inqubo yokufakelwa izinso ezinikelwe ngokuphila?

Ukufakelwa izinso ezinikelwe ngokuphila kuhilela ukuhlinzwa okubili okuhlukene kodwa okuxhumene okwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuhlinzwa komnikeli wakho kugxila ekususeni ngokuphepha inso eyodwa enempilo, kuyilapho ukuhlinzwa kwakho kuhilela ukubeka leyo nso emzimbeni wakho.

Kumnikeli wakho, inqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-2-3 futhi ivame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezingahlaseli kakhulu. Udktela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikeka okuncane okumbalwa esiswini somnikeli futhi usebenzisa ikhamera encane ukuqondisa ukususwa kwesinso. Le ndlela iholela ekululameni okusheshayo nokulimala okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko.

Ukuhlinzwa kwakho kuthatha cishe amahora angu-3-4 futhi kuhilela ukubeka inso entsha esiswini sakho esingezansi, ngokuvamile ngakwesokudla. Ngokumangalisayo, izinso zakho ngokuvamile zishiywa endaweni ngaphandle uma zibangela izinkinga. Inso entsha ixhunywe emithanjeni yegazi eseduze nomchamo wakho, futhi ivame ukuqala ukukhiqiza umchamo ngokushesha.

Kokubili ukuhlinzwa kwenzeka esibhedlela esifanayo, ngokuvamile emagumbini okusebenza aseduze. Lokhu kuxhumana kuqinisekisa ukuthi inso ichitha isikhathi esincane ngaphandle komzimba, okusiza ukugcina umsebenzi wayo. Nobabili nizoqashwa eduze endaweni yokululama ngaphambi kokuthi nithuthwe niye emakamelweni akho esibhedlela.

Ungalungela kanjani ukufakelwa izinso zomnikeli ophilayo?

Ukulungela ukufakelwa izinso zomnikeli ophilayo kuhilela izinyanga eziningana zokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila, nokulungiselela ngokomzwelo. Le nqubo ebanzi iqinisekisa ukuthi usesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokuhlinzwa nokululama.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza izivivinyo eziningi ukuze lihlole inhliziyo yakho, amaphaphu, isibindi, nempilo yakho yonke. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuskena ngemifanekiso, izivivinyo zomsebenzi wenhliziyo, nokuhlolwa komdlavuza. Uzohlangana futhi nodokotela wezengqondo wokufakelwa ukuze nixoxe ngezici ezingokomzwelo zokuthola lesi sipho esishintsha impilo.

Nawa amanyathelo abalulekile okudingeka uwathathe ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwakho:

• Qedela zonke izivivinyo zokwelapha eziyadingeka nokuqokwa
• Buyekeza imigomo yakho, njengoba ezinye imigomo inganikezwa ngemva kokufakelwa
• Hambela amakilasi emfundo yokufakelwa ukuze ufunde ngokunakekelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Lungiselela ukusekelwa ekhaya ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho
• Yeka ukubhema futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala uma kusebenza
• Gcina ukudla okunomsoco nokuzivocavoca njengoba kuvunyelwe yithimba lakho
• Lungiselela ikhaya lakho ukululama ngempahla nezinguquko ezidingekayo

Umnikeli wakho uzoqhubeka nenqubo yokuhlolwa efanayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi unempilo ngokwanele ukunikela ngokuphepha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isinqumo sabo sizithandela futhi sinolwazi oluhle.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokufakelwa izinso zomnikeli ophilayo?

Ngemva kokufakelwa izinso zomnikeli ophilayo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizogada izinkomba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze lihlole ukuthi inso yakho entsha isebenza kahle kangakanani. Isilinganiso esibaluleke kakhulu izinga lakho le-serum creatinine, elibonisa ukuthi inso yakho ihlunga kahle kangakanani imfucuza egazini lakho.

Amazingo e-creatinine ngemva kokufakelwa ngokuvamile asukela ku-1.0 kuya ku-1.5 mg/dL, nakuba lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngosayizi wakho, iminyaka, kanye nobunzima bemisipha. Udokotela wakho uzoqala izinga lakho ekuqaleni kwamasonto ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi noma yikuphi ukwanda okukhulu kungase kubonise ukuthi izinso zakho azisebenzi kahle njengoba kufanele.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa i-blood urea nitrogen (BUN) yakho, elinganisela omunye umkhiqizo wemfucuza, kanye ne-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) yakho, elinganisela ukuthi ingakanani igazi izinso zakho ezilihluza ngomzuzu. Uzophinda ube nezivivinyo zomchamo ezivamile zokuhlola amaprotheni noma igazi, okungase kubonise izinkinga.

Amazinga emithi yakho azogadwa ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi imithi yakho yokucindezela amasosha omzimba evimbela ukwenqatshwa. Le mithi idinga ukugcinwa ngaphakathi kwamabanga athile ukuvikela izinso zakho ezintsha ngenkathi kuncishiswa imiphumela emibi.

Ungayigcina kanjani impilo yakho yokufakelwa izinso?

Ukugcina impilo yezinso zakho ezifakelwe izinso kudinga ukuzibophezela impilo yonke ekuthathweni kwemithi, ukuya ekuhlolweni okuvamile, nokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezinempilo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi lezi zindlela ziba yinto yesibili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umsebenzi wakho obaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho yokucindezela amasosha omzimba njengoba kunqunyiwe, nsuku zonke. Le mithi ivimbela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angahlaseli izinso zakho ezintsha, kodwa kufanele ithathwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze isebenze ngempumelelo. Ungalokothi weqe imithamo noma uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho.

Ukuqokwa kokuqapha njalo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokufakelwa. Ekuqaleni, ungase uvakashele ithimba lakho lokufakelwa kabili ngesonto, kodwa lokhu kwehla kancane kancane kube nyanga zonke, bese kuba njalo emavikini ambalwa njengoba izinso zakho zizinzile. Lokhu kuvakasha kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komzimba, nokulungiswa kwemithi.

Nawa amasu abalulekile okuvikela izinso zakho ezifakelwe:

• Thatha yonke imithi njengoba kunqunywe, ngezikhathi ezifanayo nsuku zonke
• Gcina zonke izikhathi zokuhlolwa ezihleliwe
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo ngezabelo ezifanele kanye ne-sodium elinganiselwe
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba ngemvume kadokotela wakho
• Zivikele ezingxenyeni ngenhlanzeko enhle futhi ugweme izixuku uma ugula
• Gqoka i-sunscreen nezingubo ezivikelayo ngenxa yengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza
• Gwema ukuthintana nabantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo
• Bika noma yiziphi izimpawu noma ukukhathazeka eqenjini lakho lokufakelwa ngokushesha

Iqembu lakho lokufakelwa lizohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela enemininingwane mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme, indlela yokuvimbela izifo, nokuthi kufanele ufune nini ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukulandela lezi zincomo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinso zakho ezintsha ziqhubeka nokusebenza kahle iminyaka eminingi.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokufakelwa izinso?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ngemva kokufakelwa izinso komnikeli ophilayo. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kukusiza wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi nithathe izinyathelo zokuzinciphisa futhi nibambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.

Ubudala bunendima, njengoba abamukeli abadala bengase babe nengozi enkulu yezinkinga nokuphola kancane. Kodwa-ke, ubudala bodwa abukukhiphi ekufakelweni uma unempilo ngaphandle kwalokho. Isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele, okuhlanganisa izimo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini, nakho kuthonya izinga lakho lengozi.

Izici eziyingozi kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sikashukela noma ukulawulwa koshukela okungahambi kahle
• Isifo senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukufakelwa kwezitho zangaphambilini noma ukuhlinzwa okuningi
• Ukukhuluphala noma izinkinga ezinkulu zesisindo
• Umlando womdlavuza noma izifo ezithile
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa
• Ukungasekelwa komphakathi okungahambi kahle noma ukungakwazi ukulandela imiyalelo yezokwelapha
• Ezinye izici zofuzo ezithinta ukukhishwa kwemithi

Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa liluhlola ngokucophelela lezi zici ngesikhathi senqubo yakho yokuhlola. Izici eziningi eziyingozi zingathuthukiswa ngaphambi kokufakelwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, ukuphathwa okungcono kwezokwelapha, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokufakelwa izinso ngomnikeli ophilayo?

Ngenkathi ukufakelwa izinso ngomnikeli ophilayo kuvame ukuphumelela kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke. Izinkinga eziningi ziyalawuleka uma zitholwa ngokushesha, yingakho ukuqapha njalo kubaluleke kangako.

Into ekhathaza kakhulu ukwenqatshwa kwezinso, lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela izinso ezifakelwe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi yokufakelwa, yingakho uzodinga ukuthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba impilo yakho yonke. Ukuphikiswa okukhulu kuvame ukwelashwa ngempumelelo uma kutholwa ngokushesha ngokuhlolwa kwegazi njalo.

Nazi izinkinga eziyinhloko okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ukwenqatshwa kwezinso (okukhulu noma okungapheli)
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka ngenxa yemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba
• Ithuba eliphezulu lokuthuthukisa iminye iminyango yomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesikhumba
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ezihlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo senhliziyo
• Isifo samathambo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuphuka
• Imiphumela emibi yemithi ehlanganisa ubuthi bezinso
• Izinkinga zokuhlinzwa njengokopha, amahlule egazi, noma izinkinga zokuphulukisa amanxeba
• Isifo sikashukela noma ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela esikhona

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa izifo ezinzima, izinhlobo ezithile ze-lymphoma, nezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi exhunywe ezinso zakho ezintsha. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa liqapha zonke lezi zinto ezingenzeka ngokuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi abathola izinso ezinikelwe ngumuntu ophilayo benza kahle kakhulu esikhathini eside. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqapha, izinso eziningi ezifakelwe zisebenza kahle iminyaka engu-15-20 noma ngaphezulu.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemuva kokufakelwa izinso?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lokufakelwa ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemuva kokufakelwa kwakho izinso. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kwezinkinga kuvame ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinzima futhi kuvikele izinso zakho ezintsha.

Umkhuhlane ungomunye wezimpawu zokuxwayisa ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele ziqashelwe. Noma yiliphi izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C) lingabonisa ukutheleleka, okungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi liyanyamalala yini ngokwalo.

Xhumana nethimba lakho lokufakelwa ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C)
• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezihlanganisa ama-chills, ubuhlungu bomzimba, noma ukukhathala
• Ukwehla komchamo noma izinguquko emibaleni yomchamo
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, noma ngaphandle kwamehlo akho
• Ukuzuza isisindo okungazelelwe (ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-2-3 ngosuku)
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuzwela ngaphezu kwezinso zakho ezifakelwe
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma ukungakwazi ukugcina imithi phansi
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu noma izinguquko embonweni
• Noma yiziphi izigaxa ezintsha, ama-bumps, noma izinguquko zesikhumba

Kufanele futhi uxhumane uma unemibuzo mayelana nemithi yakho, uphuthelwa imithamo, noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa likhona ukukusekela, futhi bangathanda ukuzwa kuwe mayelana nezinkinga ezincane kunokubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu kamuva.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokufakelwa izinso ngomnikeli ophilayo

Q.1 Ingabe ukufakelwa izinso ngomnikeli ophilayo kungcono kune-dialysis?

Yebo, ukufakelwa izinso ngomnikeli ophilayo ngokuvamile kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu ngaphezu kokuhlala ku-dialysis isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bathola izinga elingcono lempilo, ukwanda kwamandla, kanye nemikhawulo emincane yokudla ngemuva kokufakelwa okuphumelelayo.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanezinso ezinikeziwe ngokuvamile baphila isikhathi eside kunalabo abahlala ku-dialysis. Uzophinda ube nenkululeko eyengeziwe yokuhamba, ukusebenza, nokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini ngaphandle kokuboshwa esimisweni se-dialysis. Kodwa-ke, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba kudinga imithi yokuphila konke nokuqapha njalo.

Q.2 Ingabe umnikeli uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside?

Abanikeli bezinso abaningi baphila impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo ngokuphelele ngemuva kokunikela ngaphandle kwezinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Izifundo ezilandela abanikeli amashumi eminyaka zibonisa ukuthi banethemba lokuphila elifanayo njengomphakathi jikelele.

Abanikeli badinga ukuhlolwa njalo ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinso zabo nomfutho wegazi. Ngokungavamile, abanye abanikeli bangase bathuthukise umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ukusebenza kwezinso okuncishisiwe kancane kamuva empilweni, kodwa izinkinga ezinzima azivamile lapho abanikeli behlolwa ngokucophelela.

Q.3 Ingabe izinso ezinikelwe ngumuntu ophilayo zihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izinso ezinikelwe ngumuntu ophilayo ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle iminyaka engu-15-20 noma ngaphezulu, ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuphila ngokuqondile kuncike ezintweni ezifana neminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, ukuthi uzinakekela kanjani, nokuthi ulandela eduze kangakanani uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha.

Izinso ezinikelwe ngumuntu ophilayo ngokuvamile zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinsu ezivela kubanikeli abashonile ngoba ziphilile ekuqaleni futhi zichitha isikhathi esincane ngaphandle komzimba. Ukuthatha imithi yakho njalo nokugcina imikhuba emihle yezempilo kusiza ukukhulisa impilo yezinso zakho.

Q.4 Ngingaba nokufakelwa izitho zomzimba ezingaphezu kweyodwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuba nokufakelwa izitho zomzimba kwesinye isinso uma esokuqala sigcina sehluleka. Abantu abaningi baye bathola ngempumelelo ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba okwesibili noma okwesithathu, nakuba ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba ngakunye okulandelayo kungase kube yinselele encane ngenxa yokwanda kwama-antibody egazini lakho.

Iqembu lakho lokufakelwa izitho lizokuhlola ukuthi ungafakelwa yini esinye isitho usebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo nezokuqala. Uma ungumuntu ofanelekayo, ungase ukwazi ukuthola esinye isinso esivela kumuntu ophilayo noma ulinde esivela kumuntu oshonile.

Umbuzo 5. Kwenzekani ezinso zami zokuqala ngemuva kokufakelwa?

Ezimweni eziningi, izinso zakho zokuqala zishiywa endaweni ngemuva kokufakelwa ngaphandle uma zibangela izinkinga ezithile njengokutheleleka, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma ukuthatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu. Isinso sakho esisha ngokuvamile sibekwa esiswini sakho esingezansi, sihlukile ezinso zakho zokuqala.

Izinso zakho zokuqala zingase ziqhubeke nokukhiqiza amanzi amancane ngisho nangemva kokuthi ziye zahluleka, futhi ukuzishiya endaweni ngokuvamile akubangeli izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma ziba nezinkinga, zingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa okuhlukile.