Yini Ukufakelwa Kwesitho Esivela Kumuntu Ophilayo? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

Ukufakelwa isitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo kuyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho umuntu onempilo enikela ngesitho noma ingxenye yesitho kumuntu osidingayo. Ngokungafani nokulinda isitho esivela kumuntu oshonile, lolu hlobo lokufakelwa kwenzeka ngenkathi bobabili umnikeli nomamukeli bephila futhi ngokuvamile lungahlelwa ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu kubo bonke abahilelekile.

Lesi sipho sempilo esivelele simelela elinye lamakhambi anethemba kakhulu emithini yabantu abanezitho ezingasebenzi kahle. Umnikelo ophilayo unikeza imiphumela engcono kunezitho ezivela kubanikeli abashonile futhi kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo labamukeli.

Yini ukufakelwa isitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo?

Ukufakelwa isitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo kuhilela ukuthatha isitho esinempilo noma izicubu kumuntu ophilayo bese ukubeka kumuntu isitho sakhe esihlulekayo noma esilimele. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukufakelwa kwezinso, ukufakelwa kwesibindi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu noma amanyikwe.

Umzimba wakho unamakhono amangalisayo okuphulukisa okwenza lokhu kwenzeke. Ngezitho zezinso, ungaphila ngokujwayelekile ngesitho esisodwa esinempilo. Ngesibindi, ingxenye enikelwe ikhula futhi kokubili kumnikeli nakumukeli phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuvuselelwa kwemvelo yikho okwenza umnikelo ophilayo uphephe futhi usebenze kahle.

Abanikeli abaphilayo ngokuvamile ngamalungu omndeni, abangane, noma abanikeli abazidela abafuna ukusiza othile oswele. Wonke umnikeli ongaba khona udlula ekuhlolweni okuningi kwezokwelapha nokwengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi banempilo ngokwanele ukunikela ngokuphepha.

Kungani kwenziwa ukufakelwa isitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo?

Ukufakelwa isitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo kunconywa lapho ukusebenza kwesitho somuntu kwehla kuze kube sezingeni lapho bengakwazi ukugcina impilo enhle ngaphandle kokufakelwa. Le nqubo inikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kokulinda isitho somnikeli oshonile.

Isikhathi esivumelana nezimo ngesinye sezinto ezinkulu ezizuzisayo. Wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ningahlela ukuhlinzwa uma bobabili umnikeli nomamukeli besempilweni enhle, kunokuba niphuthume ukuhlinza ngenxa yomnikeli ongaziwa. Le ndlela ehleliwe ivame ukuholela emiphumeleni engcono kubo bonke abahilelekile.

Izitho zomnikeli ophilayo ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunezitho zomnikeli oshonile. Isitho sichitha isikhathi esincane ngaphandle komzimba, sithola ukulimala okuncane ngesikhathi senqubo, futhi umamukeli uvame ukuthola ukufakelwa ngaphambi kokugula kakhulu.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso, ukunikela ngokuphila kungaqeda iminyaka yokwelashwa nge-dialysis. Kubantu abanezinkinga zesibindi, kungasindisa impilo uma isimo sabo sibhebhetheka ngokushesha futhi isikhathi sibucayi.

Yini inqubo yokufakelwa komnikeli ophilayo?

Inqubo yokufakelwa komnikeli ophilayo ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela phakathi kwamaqembu amabili okuhlinza asebenza ngasikhathi sinye. Elinye iqembu lisusa isitho kumnikeli kanti elinye lilungiselela umamukeli isitho sabo esisha.

Ukunikelwa ngezinso, odokotela abahlinzayo ngokuvamile basebenzisa izindlela ezingahlaseli kakhulu ezibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic. Benza ukusikeka okuncane esiswini somnikeli futhi basebenzise amathuluzi akhethekile ukuze basuse ngokucophelela inso eyodwa. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-2-3, futhi abanikeli abaningi bahamba ekhaya phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3.

Ukunikelwa kwesibindi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngoba kususwa ingxenye yesibindi kuphela. Ithimba lokuhlinza lisusa ngakwesokudla noma ngakwesobunxele sesibindi somnikeli, kuye ngezidingo zomamukeli. Kokubili ingxenye esele kumnikeli nengxenye efakelwe kumamukeli izovuselela usayizi ogcwele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa komamukeli, ithimba lezokwelapha lisusa isitho esihlulekayo futhi lixhuma ngokucophelela isitho esisha emithanjeni yegazi nakwezinye izakhiwo ezidingekayo. Le nqubo idinga indlela yokuhlinza enembile futhi ingathatha amahora amaningana kuye ngobunzima.

Ungalungela kanjani ukufakelwa kwakho umnikeli ophilayo?

Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa komnikeli ophilayo kuhilela ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwezokwelapha nokuhlolwa kwabo bobabili umnikeli nomamukeli. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto amaningana kuya ezinyangeni futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwawo wonke umuntu kanye nomphumela ongcono kakhulu.

Njengomnikeli ongase abe khona, uzohlolwa izivivinyo eziningi zezokwelapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitho zakho zempilo enhle nokuthi ukunikela ngeke kuphazamise impilo yakho yesikhathi eside. Lezi zivivinyo zihlanganisa umsebenzi wegazi, izifundo zokucabanga, izivivinyo zomsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwengqondo.

Abamukeli nabo badinga ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo kwezokwelapha ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi banempilo eyanele yokuhlinzwa okukhulu nokuthi umzimba wabo uzokwamukela isitho esisha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezifo, umsebenzi wenhliziyo, nokuqina okuphelele kokuhlinzwa.

Bobabili umnikeli nomamukeli bazohlangana nethimba lokufakelwa izitho izikhathi eziningi. Lezi zinhlangano zihlanganisa inqubo yokuhlinzwa, okulindelekile kokululama, izingozi ezingaba khona, nezidingo zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Uzoba namathuba amaningi okubuza imibuzo nokubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka.

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, uzothola imiyalelo ethile mayelana nemithi, ukudla, nemisebenzi. Eminye imithi ingase idinge ukumiswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, futhi uzocelwa ukuthi ugweme ukudla okuthile noma imisebenzi engandisa izingozi zokuhlinzwa.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokufakelwa komnikeli ophilayo?

Impumelelo ekufakweni komnikeli ophilayo ilinganiswa ngokuthi isitho esisha sisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi bobabili umnikeli nomamukeli bayalulama kahle kangakanani. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizogada izinkomba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze lilandelele ukuqhubeka.

Ngokufakelwa izinso, odokotela baqapha amazinga e-creatinine, abonisa ukuthi inso ihlunga kahle kangakanani imfucuza egazini lakho. Amazinga e-creatinine ajwayelekile ngemva kokufakelwa izitho ngokuvamile asukela ku-1.0 kuya ku-1.5 mg/dL, nakuba lokhu kungahluka kuye ngezici zomuntu ngamunye.

Impumelelo yokufakelwa kwesibindi ilinganiswa ngezivivinyo zomsebenzi wesibindi ezihlanganisa amazinga e-ALT, AST, kanye ne-bilirubin. Lokhu kufanele kubuyele kancane kancane ebangeni elijwayelekile njengoba isibindi esisha siqala ukusebenza kahle. Udokotela wakho uzophinde aqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu zokwenqatshwa noma izinkinga.

Bobabili abanikeli nabamukeli bazoba nokuqokwa okulandelayo njalo kanye nezivivinyo zegazi. Kubanikeli, lokhu kuvakasha kuqinisekisa ukuthi isitho sakho esisele sisebenza kahle futhi uyalulama kahle. Abamukeli badinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa nokuphatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.

Izinyathelo zokululama ziyahlukahluka, kodwa abanikeli abaningi babuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile phakathi kwamasonto angu-4-6 okunikelwa kwezinso kanye namasonto angu-6-12 okunikelwa kwesibindi. Abamukeli kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi balulame ngokugcwele, kuye ngempilo yabo yonke ngaphambi kokufakelwa.

Ungawathuthukisa kanjani imiphumela yakho yokufakelwa yomnikeli ophilayo?

Ukwenza ngcono imiphumela yakho yokufakelwa kudinga ukuzibophezela ekunakekelweni kwesikhathi eside kanye nokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo. Impumelelo yokufakelwa kwakho incike ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezisekela impilo yesitho sakho esisha.

Kubamukeli, ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngendlela eqondile njengoba kunqunyiwe kubaluleke kakhulu. Le mithi ivimbela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angahlaseli isitho esisha, kodwa kufanele ithathwe ngokuqhubekayo nangemithamo efanele. Ukweqa imithamo noma ukuyeka imithi kungaholela ekwenqatshweni kwesitho.

Ukuqokwa okuvamile kokulandela ezokwelapha kubalulekile kubo bobabili abanikeli nabamukeli. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvumela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi libambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi futhi lilungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizokwenza isimiso salolu hlelo lokuqokwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho ngazinye.

Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo isekela impumelelo yesikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho, ukugwema ugwayi notshwala obuningi, nokuphatha ezinye izimo zezempilo njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Kubanikeli, ukuhlala unamanzi ngokwanele nokugcina impilo yezinso ngokudla okunempilo nokuzivivinya njalo kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinso zakho ezisele ziqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Abanikeli abaningi baphila impilo ejwayelekile ngokuphelele ngemuva kokululama.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zokuhlupheka kokufakelwa kwezitho ezivela kubanikeli abaphilayo?

Ngenkathi ukufakelwa kwezitho ezivela kubanikeli abaphilayo kuvamile ukuthi kuphephile, ezinye izici zingakhuphula ingozi yokuhlupheka kubanikeli nakubamukeli. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyingozi kusiza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi linikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Ubudala bungathinta imiphumela yokufakelwa kwezitho, yize kungasho ukuthi akufaneleki ngokuzenzakalelayo. Abanikeli nabamukeli abadala bangase babe nezingozi eziphakeme kancane, kodwa abantu abaningi abaneminyaka yobudala engama-60 nama-70 baphumelela ekuhlanganyeleni ekunikeleni ngokuphila. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa kwezitho lihlolisisisa umuntu ngamunye.

Izimo zempilo ezikhona zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela. Isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo senhliziyo, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungakhuphula izingozi zokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abanezimo ezilawulwa kahle basengaba ngabazongenela ukunikela noma ukufakelwa kwezitho.

Kubamukeli, ubunzima bokwehluleka kwezitho zabo ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwezitho kuthinta imiphumela. Abantu abathola ukufakelwa kwezitho ngaphambi kokugula kakhulu bavame ukuba nemiphumela engcono kunalabo abalinda kuze kube yilapho begula kakhulu.

Izici zofuzo nokuhambisana kohlobo lwegazi kuthinta impumelelo yokufakelwa kwezitho. Ngenkathi ukunikela ngokuphila kuvumela ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekufaniseni, ukufana okungcono kuvamile ukuholela emiphumeleni engcono yesikhathi eside futhi kungadinga ukucindezelwa okuncane komzimba.

Ingabe kungcono ukuba nokufakelwa kwezitho ezivela kubanikeli abaphilayo noma abashonile?

Ukufakelwa kwezitho ezivela kubanikeli abaphilayo kuvamile ukuthi kunikeze imiphumela engcono kune-transplant yomnikeli oshonile, yize zombili zingaba izinketho ezisindisa impilo. Ukukhetha kuvame ukuncika ekutholakaleni, isikhathi, kanye nezimo zezokwelapha zomuntu ngamunye.

Izitho ezinikelwa ngumuntu ophilayo ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono ngokushesha ngemva kokufakelwa ngoba zichitha isikhathi esincane ngaphandle komzimba futhi zithola ukulimala okuncane kokulondolozwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abamukeli bavame ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi esincane futhi bathole isikhathi sokululama esisheshayo.

Uhlobo oluhleliwe lokufakelwa izitho ngumuntu ophilayo luyinzuzo enkulu. Ungahlela ukuhlinzwa lapho kokubili umnikeli nomamukeli bephila kahle, kunokuthola ucingo oluphuthumayo lwesitho esinikelwe ngumuntu oshonile lapho ungase ungazizwa kahle.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ngokuvamile iba ngcono ngokufakelwa izitho ngumuntu ophilayo. Lezi zitho zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside futhi zisebenze ngempumelelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekufakelweni izinso, izinso ezinikelwe ngumuntu ophilayo ngokuvamile zihlala iminyaka engu-15-20 uma ziqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-10-15 yezinso ezinikelwe ngumuntu oshonile.

Nokho, ukufakelwa izitho ngumuntu oshonile kungase kube yindlela engcono kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abangenabo abanikeli abafanelekayo abaphilayo noma lapho izingozi zokunikela ngokuphila zidlula izinzuzo. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa izitho lizokusiza ukuthi uhlole zonke izinketho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokufakelwa izitho ngumuntu ophilayo?

Izinkinga zokufakelwa izitho ngumuntu ophilayo zingathinta kokubili abanikeli nabamukeli, nakuba izinkinga ezingathi sína zingavamile. Ukuqonda izinkinga ezingaba khona kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi uqaphele izimpawu zokuxwayisa.

Kobanikeli, izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zihlobene nokuhlinzwa ngokwako. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukopha, ukutheleleka, amahlule egazi, noma ukusabela emuthini wokubulala izinzwa. Abanikeli abaningi bathola ukuphatheka kabi okuncane kuphela futhi balulame ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zabanikeli azivamile kodwa zingabandakanya ingozi eyenyukile kancane yegazi eliphezulu noma isifo sezinso kamuva empilweni yabanikeli bezinso. Nokho, abanikeli abaningi baphila impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo ngokuphelele. Abanikeli besibindi babhekana nezingozi ezihlobene nokuvuselelwa kwesibindi, nakuba izinkinga ezingathi sína zingavamile.

Abamukeli babhekana nezinselelo ezengeziwe ezihlobene nemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba. Le mithi yandisa ukuzwela ezifweni, iminyango ethile yomdlavuza, kanye nesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukuphatha lezi zingozi ngempumelelo.

Ukwenqatshwa kwesitho kungenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi kubamukeli, nakuba kuvamile kancane ngokuqhunyiswa kwesitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo. Izimpawu zokwenqatshwa zingabandakanya ukwehla komsebenzi wesitho, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu, noma ukuvuvukala. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kuvame ukuguqula izigameko zokwenqatshwa.

Abanye abamukeli bangase babe nezinkinga ezihlobene nesimo sabo esingaphansi noma ukululama kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya izinkinga zokuphulukisa amanxeba, amahlule egazi, noma izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha liqapha lezi zinkinga futhi linikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngezinkinga zokuhlinzwa kwesitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwesitho esivela kumuntu ophilayo. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga ezincane ukuthi zingabi izinkinga ezinkulu.

Kubanikeli, thintana nodokotela wakho uma uba nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukopha, ukuvuvukala, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izinkinga ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Abamukeli kufanele bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zokwenqatshwa kwesitho noma ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungabandakanya umkhuhlane, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa komchamo kubamukeli bezinso, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo kubamukeli besibindi, ukukhathala okungavamile, noma ubuhlungu eduze nendawo yokuhlinzwa.

Ushintsho emithini yakho ejwayelekile noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu ezintsha kuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Unganqikazi ukushayela ithimba lakho lokuhlinzwa ngemibuzo noma izinkathazo - balapho ukukusekela ohambweni lwakho lokuhlinzwa.

Ukuqokwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Lokhu kuvakasha kuvumela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi liqaphe intuthuko yakho, lilungise imithi uma kudingeka, futhi libambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu ophilayo

Umbuzo 1. Ingabe ukufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu ophilayo kuphephile kumuntu onikelayo?

Ukufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu ophilayo ngokuvamile kuphephe kakhulu kubanikeli uma kwenziwa ezikhungweni zokufakelwa ezinolwazi. Ingozi yonke yezinkinga ezingathi sína ingaphansi kuka-1% kubanikeli bezinso futhi iphakeme kancane kubanikeli besibindi, kodwa isancane kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abanempilo kuphela abanganikela ngokuphepha bayamukelwa njengabanikeli. Izindlela zokuhlinza ezisetshenziswa namuhla azihlaseli kangako kunangesikhathi esidlule, okuholela ezikhathini zokululama ezisheshayo nezinkinga ezimbalwa.

Umbuzo 2. Ingabe ukufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu ophilayo kuhlala isikhathi eside kunokufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu oshonile?

Yebo, ukufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu ophilayo kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunokufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu oshonile. Izinso ezivela kumuntu ophilayo zisebenza isilinganiso seminyaka engu-15-20 uma ziqhathaniswa neminyaka engu-10-15 yezinso ezivela kumuntu oshonile.

Ukuphila isikhathi eside okungcono kuvela ezintweni eziningana okuhlanganisa isikhathi esifushane ngaphandle komzimba, ikhwalithi engcono yelungu, kanye nekhono lokwenza ukufakelwa lapho kokubili umnikeli nomamukeli benempilo enhle.

Umbuzo 3. Amalungu omndeni angaba yini abanikeli abaphilayo ngaso sonke isikhathi?

Amalungu omndeni avame ukuba ngabantu abahle abangaba abanikeli abaphilayo, kodwa awaqondile ngokuzenzakalelayo abanikeli abafanelekile. Umuntu ngamunye ongaba umnikeli kumele ahlolwe ngokugcwele kwezokwelapha nengqondo kungakhathaliseki ubuhlobo babo nomamukeli.

Ukuhambisana kohlobo lwegazi nokufana kwezicubu kuyizinto ezibalulekile, kodwa ngisho namalungu omndeni kungenzeka angahambisani. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokushintshanisa izinso eziqashiwe ngezinye izikhathi zingasiza izithandani ezingahambisani zabanikeli-abamukeli ukuthi zithole ukufana nezinye izithandani.

Umbuzo 4. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokufakelwa kwelungu elivela kumuntu ophilayo?

Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka phakathi kwabanikeli nabamukeli. Abanikeli abaningi bezinso babuyela emisebenzini ejwayelekile phakathi kwamasonto angu-4-6, kanti abanikeli besibindi bangase badinge amasonto angu-6-12. Abamukeli bavame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuze balulame ngokugcwele, kuye ngempilo yabo ngaphambi kokufakelwa.

Iqembu lakho lokufakelwa lizohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile yokululama ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho ngasinye. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini nasemisebenzini ejwayelekile kancane kancane, ngokululama okugcwele okuvame ukufezwa phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-2-3.

Q.5 Kwenzekani uma ukufakelwa komnikeli ophilayo kwehluleka?

Uma ukufakelwa komnikeli ophilayo kwehluleka, abamukeli bangavame ukubuyiselwa ohlwini lokulinda lokunye ukufakelwa. Okuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi olutholwe ekufakelweni kokuqala kungasiza ngempela ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokufakelwa okulandelayo.

Imithi yesimanje yokucindezela amasosha omzimba kanye nezindlela zokuhlinza zinciphise kakhulu ingozi yokwehluleka kokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka, iqembu lakho lokufakelwa lizosebenza nawe ukuhlola zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo zokuqhubeka nokwelashwa.