Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu? Inhloso, Inqubo & Imiphumela

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisivivinyo sezokwelapha esenzelwe ukuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangenawo yimaphi amasignali okwamanje. Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlolwa kwezempilo okusebenzayo okungabamba izinkinga ezingaba khona ekuqaleni, lapho ukwelashwa kuvame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlola isebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-CT scan olubizwa ngokuthi i-low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). Le scan ithatha izithombe ezinemininingwane yamaphaphu akho isebenzisa imisebe encane kakhulu kuno-CT scan ojwayelekile. Yenzelwe ngokuqondile ukubona ama-nodules amancane noma ukukhula okungase kube kuncane kakhulu ukuthi kuqashelwe ngenye indlela.

Kungani kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunenjongo eyodwa enkulu: ukuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphambi kokuba uzizwe ugula noma uqaphele noma yimaphi amasignali. Ukutholwa kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu ezinkethweni zokwelapha nemiphumela.

Imidlavuza eminingi yamaphaphu ayibangeli amasignali ezigabeni zayo zokuqala. Ngesikhathi ungase uqaphele ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukuphefumula kanzima, umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usukhulile noma usabalale. Ukuhlolwa kusiza ukuxazulula leli gebe ngokubamba imidlavuza engaba khona lapho isencane futhi ilapheka kalula.

Lokhu kuhlola kunconywa ngokuqondile kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto ezinjengobudala bakho, umlando wokubhema, nempilo yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunengqondo yini kuwe.

Iyini inqubo yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Inqubo yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu iqondile futhi ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engaba ngu-10-15. Uzoqamba amanga etafuleni elishelela ngaphakathi kwesithwebuli se-CT, esibukeka njengomshini omkhulu onjengendandatho.

Ngesikhathi se-scan, uzodinga ukubamba umoya wakho isikhathi esifushane ngenkathi umshini uthatha izithombe. Uchwepheshe uzokuqondisa kule nqubo, ekwazisa ngqo ukuthi ungaphefumula nini nokuthi ume nini. Isikhathi sangempela sokuskena sivame ukuba ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-30.

I-CT scan enomthamo ophansi isebenzisa imisebe encane kakhulu kune-CT scan ejwayelekile. Ngenkathi usazobhekana nemisebe ethile, inani lifana nalelo ongathola ngokwemvelo emvelweni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile kulula futhi akudingi izinguquko ezinkulu zokuphila. Ungadla ngokujwayelekile futhi uthathe imithi yakho ejwayelekile ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ngokuqondile ngenye indlela.

Uzofuna ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile, ezikhululekile ezingenazo izinkinobho zensimbi, ama-zippers, noma ama-bras anocingo. Lezi zinto zensimbi zingaphazamisa ikhwalithi ye-scan. Izikhungo eziningi zinikeza ama-gowns esibhedlela uma kudingeka.

Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, qoqa noma yiziphi izithombe zangaphambilini zesifuba ongase ube nazo. Lokhu kusiza odokotela be-radiologists ukuthi baqhathanise i-scan yakho yamanje nalezo ezindala, ezinganikeza umongo obalulekile wokuchaza imiphumela yakho.

Ungayifunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile izowa kwenye yezigaba eziningana. Umphumela ongemuhle usho ukuthi azikho izindawo ezisolisayo ezitholakele, okuyinto abantu abaningi abayitholayo.

Umphumela omuhle akusho ngempela ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho ukuthi i-radiologist ithole okuthile okudinga ukucwaningwa okwengeziwe, njenge-nodule encane noma indawo. Okuningi kwalokhu okutholakele kuvela ukuthi kuyizimo ezingenasici (ezingezona ezinomdlavuza) njengokutheleleka okudala noma izicubu ezilimele.

Uma kutholakala okuthile okusolisayo, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo nawe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izithombe ezengeziwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kukhona yini okushintshayo, noma ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy ukuze uthole impendulo eqinisekile. Ukulandela okuthile kuncike kulokho okubonisa i-scan nesimo sakho ngasinye.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukuqonda izinto eziyingozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungakusiza kanye nodokotela wakho ukuthi banqume ukuthi ukuhlolwa kulungile yini kuwe. Lezi zinto eziyingozi azikuqinisekisi ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ziyakhuphula amathuba akho.

Izinto eziningana zingathonya ingozi yakho yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi ukuziqaphela kusiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokuhlolwa:

• Umlando wokubhema: Lesi yisona esikhulu kakhulu esiyingozi. Ukubhema kwamanje nokubhema esikhathini esidlule kuyayikhuphula kakhulu ingozi, ngomlando wokubhema onzima futhi omude othwala ingozi enkulu.
• Ubudala: Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame kakhulu uma ukhula, ngamacala amaningi evela kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65.
• Ukuvezwa ngentuthu yesibili: Ukuvezwa njalo intuthu kagwayi yabanye abantu iminyaka eminingi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho.
• Ukuvezwa yi-Radon: Leli gesi elitholakala ngokwemvelo elinomsakazo lingaqongelela emakhaya nasemsebenzini, ikakhulukazi emagumbini angaphansi.
• Ukuvezwa emsebenzini: Amakhemikhali athile emsebenzini njenge-asbestos, umusi we-diesel, noma izinsimbi ezithile kungakhuphula ingozi.
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo eziseduze ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungakhuphula kancane ingozi yakho.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphambilini: Uma uke waba nokwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yesifuba ngeminye imidlavuza, ingozi yakho ingase ibe phezulu.

Lezi zinto eziyingozi zivame ukusebenza ndawonye, ngakho ukuba nezinto eziningi kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yonke. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isithombe sakho esiphelele lapho encoma ukuhlolwa.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuvamile ukuthi kuphephile, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingaba khona ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi. Abantu abaningi ababi nazinkinga nhlobo ngenqubo yokuhlolwa.

Izinkathazo ezivame kakhulu zivela emiphumeleni engamanga kunokuthi zivela ekuskeneni uqobo. Uma ukuhlolwa kuthola okuthile okusolisayo okuthi ekugcineni kube kuhle, kungadala ukukhathazeka futhi kuholele ekuhlolweni okwengeziwe okungenzeka ukuthi ubungakudingi.

Nazi izinkinga eziyinhloko okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe: Ngenkathi ukuskena kwe-CT okulinganiselwe kusebenzisa imisebe encane, ukuskena okuphindaphindiwe eminyakeni eminingi kuyanda. Ingozi incane kodwa kufanelekile ukuyicabangela.
• Okungamanga: Ukuthola amabala asolisayo angewona umdlavuza kungaholela ekukhathazekeni nasezinqubweni ezengeziwe njengama-biopsies.
• Ukuxilongwa ngokweqile: Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlolwa kuthola imidlavuza ekhula kancane kakhulu okungenzeka ukuthi ayizange ibangele izinkinga phakathi nempilo yakho.
• Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka: Ukulinda imiphumela noma ukubhekana nokuhlolwa okulandelayo kungaba inselele ngokomzwelo.
• Izingozi zenqubo: Uma i-biopsy idingeka, kunezingozi ezincane zokuphuma igazi, ukutheleleka, noma ukuhlehla kwamaphaphu.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinkinga ezingaba khona, izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi kubantu abasengozini enkulu, izinzuzo zokuhlolwa ngokuvamile zidlula izingozi. Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokusiza ukuthi uhlole lezi zinto ngokuya ngesimo sakho somuntu siqu.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Kufanele uxoxe ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nemibandela ethile esengozini enkulu. Ingxoxo ihlobene kakhulu uma uneminyaka engu-50-80 ubudala nomlando omkhulu wokubhema.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kunconywa uma ungumuntu obhemayo njengamanje noma uyeke phakathi neminyaka engu-15 edlule futhi unomlando wokubhema weminyaka engu-20. Unyaka wephakethe usho ukubhema iphakethe elilodwa ngosuku unyaka owodwa, ngakho iminyaka engu-20 yephakethe kungaba iphakethe elilodwa nsuku zonke iminyaka engu-20, noma amaphakethe amabili nsuku zonke iminyaka eyi-10.

Kufanele futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho uma unezinye izinto eziyingozi njengokuchayeka okukhulu emsebenzini, umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu, noma imisebe yesifuba yangaphambilini. Noma ngabe awahlangabezani nemibandela yokuhlola ejwayelekile, udokotela wakho angasiza ekuhloleni ingozi yakho.

Ungalindi uma unezimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukukhwehlela igazi. Lokhu kufanele kunakekelwe ngokushesha kwezokwelapha kungakhathalekile ukuthi uyakufanelekela yini ukuhlolwa.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Q1: Ingabe ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kulungile ekutholeni zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyasebenza ekutholeni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa akuphelele. Ukuskena kwe-CT okunezinga eliphansi kulunge kakhulu ekutholeni imidlava yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongahlangani namaseli amancane, okwenza cishe ama-85% awo wonke umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukuhlolwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-tumor aqinile aveza njengama-nodules noma ama-masses ekuthombeni. Eminye imidlava enolaka kakhulu esabalala ngokushesha noma evela njengokuvuvukala kunokuba ama-masses ahlukile kungase kube nzima ukuyithola ngokuhlolwa kuphela.

Q2: Ingabe ukuyeka ukubhema kuyawathinta izincomo zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Yebo, uma uyeka ukubhema kuyawathinta izincomo zokuhlolwa, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha. Iziqondiso zamanje zokuhlolwa zincoma ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa minyaka yonke iminyaka engu-15 ngemuva kokuyeka ukubhema, uma ucabanga ukuthi usahlangabezana neminye imibandela.

Uma uyeke ukubhema eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-15 edlule, ngokuvamile awusacabangeli ukuthi unengozi enkulu yokuhlolwa okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa ngokusekelwe kwezinye izinto eziyingozi noma umlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Q3: Kufanele ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphindwe kangaki?

Uma uhlangabezana nemibandela yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngokuvamile kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke kuvumela odokotela ukuthi balandele noma yiziphi izinguquko emaphashini akho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi babambe izinkinga ezingaba khona ekuqaleni.

Uhlelo lonyaka lulinganisela izinzuzo zokuqapha njalo ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukuchayeka emisebeni. Uma ukuskena kwakho kokuqala kukhombisa okuthile okudinga ukubhekwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuskena okuvamile kokulandela kuze kube yilapho enelisekile ukuthi akukhathazi.

Q4: Ingabe ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kungawuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu akuvimbeli umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuthi ungathuthuki, kodwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela ngokuthola umdlavuza ngesikhathi lapho kulapheka kalula. Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yokuqwashisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunokuba indlela yokuvimbela.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ngempela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukugwema ukubhema noma ukuyeka uma njengamanje ubhema. Ukuhlolwa kusebenza njengenethi yokuphepha ebalulekile kubantu asebevele besengozini enkulu ngenxa yokubhema kwangaphambilini noma kwamanje.

Q5: Zikhona yini imikhawulo yobudala yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Iziqondiso zamanje zincoma ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abaneminyaka engu-50 kuya ku-80 abahlangabezana neminye imibandela yengozi. Ububanzi beminyaka bubonisa lapho ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphakeme ngokwanele ukuthi kulungiswe ukuhlolwa ngenkathi usaphila ngokwanele ukuthi uzuze ekwelashweni.

Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-80 basengaba ngabazongenela ukuhlolwa kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma benempilo enhle futhi bengakwazi ukubekezelela ukwelashwa uma umdlavuza utholakala. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele kanye nokulindelwa kwempilo lapho enza izincomo.