Kuyini Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu? Inhloso, Inqubo & Nemiphumela

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuyinqubo yokuhlinzwa lapho odokotela beshintsha elilodwa noma womabili amaphaphu akho agulayo ngamaphaphu anempilo avela kumuntu onikelayo. Lokhu kwelashwa okusindisa impilo kuba yindlela yokwelapha uma amaphaphu akho alimele kakhulu kangangokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azikwazi ukukusiza uphefumule kahle ngokwanele ukuze uphile ngokukhululeka.

Cabanga ngakho njengokunika umzimba wakho ukuqala okusha ngamaphaphu anempilo lapho awakho engasawenzi umsebenzi wawo. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kusize izinkulungwane zabantu ukuthi babuyele emisebenzini abayithandayo futhi bachithe isikhathi esiyigugu nomndeni.

Kuyini ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuhilela ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwephaphu lakho elilimele noma amaphaphu bese uwashintsha ngamaphaphu anempilo avela kumuntu oshonile futhi okhethe ukuba ngumnikeli wezitho. Amaphaphu amasha avela kubanikeli amaphaphu abo anempilo futhi ahambisana nomzimba wakho.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Ukufakelwa kwephaphu elilodwa kuthatha indawo yephaphu elilodwa futhi kusebenza kahle ezimweni ezithile njenge-pulmonary fibrosis. Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu amabili kuthatha indawo yawo womabili amaphaphu futhi kuvame ukudingeka ezifweni ezinjenge-cystic fibrosis. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela benza ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo-amaphaphu lapho zombili izitho zidinga ukushintshwa.

Isinqumo mayelana nohlobo oludingayo sincike esimweni sakho esithile nokuthi sithinta kanjani ukuphefumula kwakho. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho ukuze lincomende indlela engcono kakhulu yezempilo yakho.

Kungani kwenziwa ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kunconywa lapho isifo sakho samaphaphu sesithuthuke safinyelela lapho ungafaki umoya-mpilo owanele, ngisho nangokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwezokwelapha okutholakalayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho amaphaphu akho enezibazi noma alimele kangangokuthi awakwazi ukukhula kahle noma ukushintshanisa umoya-mpilo ngempumelelo.

Izimo eziningana ezingathi sína zamaphaphu zingaholela ekucatshungweni kokufakelwa, futhi ukuqonda lezi kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi kungani lokhu kwelashwa kuba yimfuneko:

• Isifo esingamahlala-khona sokuvimba umoya (COPD), esenza ukuphefumula kube nzima ngokwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• I-Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lapho izicubu zamaphaphu ziba minyene futhi zibe nezibazi ngezizathu ezingaziwa
• I-Cystic fibrosis, isimo sezakhi zofuzo esibangela ukuthi amafinyila aqine akheke emaphashini
• Ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin, lapho iphrotheni elahlekile liholela ekulimaleni kwamaphaphu
• I-Pulmonary hypertension, ebeka ingcindezi eyingozi emithanjeni yegazi emaphashini akho
• I-Sarcoidosis, isifo sokuvuvukala esingaba nezibazi ezinzima ezicutshini zamaphaphu

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukufakelwa kuphela uma esezame ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzamile imithi, ukwelashwa nge-oxygen, ukulungiswa kwamaphaphu, nanoma yikuphi okunye ukwelashwa okuthile esimweni sakho ngaphandle kokuthuthuka okwanele.

Yini inqubo yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Inqubo yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu ngokuvamile ithatha amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-12, kuye ngokuthi uthola iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili. Ithimba lakho labahlinzi lizokufaka ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke uzobe ulele ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sonke sokuhlinzwa.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, okuhlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezilawulekayo:

1. Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusikeka esifubeni sakho ukuze afinyelele emaphashini akho
2. Baxhuma ngokucophelela iphaphu lakho elilimele emithanjeni yegazi nasemashubhu okuphefumula
3. Iphaphu elinesifo liyasuswa futhi iphaphu lomnikeli libekwa endaweni efanayo
4. Udokotela ohlinzayo uxhuma iphaphu elisha emithanjeni yakho yegazi nasemshubheni wokuphefumula omkhulu
5. Bahlola ukuxhumana ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle futhi umoya uhamba ngokukhululeka
6. Ukusikeka kuvalwa ngama-sutures, futhi uyiswa ekunakekelweni okukhulu ukuze kuqashwe

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ungase uxhunywe emshinini wenhliziyo-maphaphu owenza umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu akho ngenkathi udokotela ohlinzayo esebenza. Lokhu kugcina i-oxygen igeleza emzimbeni wakho futhi isusa i-carbon dioxide ngokuphepha.

Iqembu labahlinzeki lihlanganisa ochwepheshe ekufakelweni kwamaphaphu, i-anesthesia, kanye nokunakekelwa okukhulu. Basebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinyathelo zihamba kahle futhi umzimba wakho uzivumela kahle emaphaphu amasha.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuhilela ukulungiselela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo okungathatha izinyanga eziningana. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unempilo ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Inqubo yokulungiselela ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuningana okubalulekile kwezokwelapha:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubanzi ukuhlola impilo yakho yonke nokusebenza kwezitho
• Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo njenge-echocardiograms ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlinzwa
• Ama-CT scans kanye ne-chest X-rays ukwenza imephu yokulimala kwamaphaphu akho ngokunembile
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu ukukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlola ukulungela kwakho ngokwengqondo kanye nohlelo lokusekela
• Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo ukwelapha noma yiziphi izifo ezingase zibe nzima ekululameni

Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizobuye libuyekeze imithi yakho futhi lingayilungisa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Eminye imithi ingaphazamisa inqubo yokufakelwa noma ihlangane nemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ozoyidinga ngemva kwalokho.

Ukulungiselela ngokomzimba kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwamaphaphu ukuze ugcine imisipha yakho iqina ngangokunokwenzeka. Noma ngabe amaphaphu akho awasebenzi kahle, ukuhlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ulungiselele ukululama okuzayo.

Ungawafunda kanjani imiphumela yakho yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizogada izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile ukuze lihlole ukuthi amaphaphu akho amasha asebenza kahle kangakanani. Lezi zilinganiso zisiza odokotela ukuthi babambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni futhi balungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Izivivinyo zakho zokuphefumula zizokhombisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphambi kokufakelwa kwakho. Izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu zilinganisa ukuthi ungakanani umoya ongawuphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi lezi zinombolo ngokuvamile zithuthuka kakhulu phakathi namasonto ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okuyimpumelelo kokufakelwa.

Izivivinyo zegazi ziba yingxenye ejwayelekile yempilo yakho ngemuva kokufakelwa, zihlola izinto eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lakho, okufanele abe phezulu kakhulu kunangaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• Amazinga emithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa ngenkathi kugwenywa imiphumela emibi
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka, ngoba amasosha akho omzimba azobe ebuthakathiswe ngamabomu
• Umsebenzi wezinso nesibindi, njengoba eminye imithi ingathinta lezi zitho
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele ukuqapha imiphumela emibi yemithi

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ama-biopsies avamile, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha amasampula amancane ezicubu zamaphaphu ukuze kuhlolwe ukwenqatshwa, okwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba ezama ukuhlasela iphaphu elisha.

Ama-X-ray esifuba kanye ne-CT scans asiza ithimba lakho ukuthi libone ukuthi amaphaphu akho abukeka kanjani futhi asebenza kanjani. Amaphaphu acacile, anwetshiwe kahle ezifundweni zokucabanga yizimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zokuthi ukufakelwa kwakho kusebenza kahle.

Ungayigcina kanjani impilo yakho yokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Ukunakekela amaphaphu akho amasha kudinga ukuzibophezela kwempilo yonke emithini nasemikhubeni enempilo. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngqo njengoba kunqunyiwe, ngisho nalapho uzizwa unempilo ngokuphelele.

Le mithi elwa nokwenqatshwa ivimbela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi angahlaseli amaphaphu akho amasha. Ukweqa imithamo noma ukuyeka kungaholela ekwenqatshweni, okungaba yingozi empilweni. Udokotela wakho uzolungisa njalo le mithi ngokusekelwe emazingeni egazi lakho nokuthi uzizwa kanjani.

Ukuzivikela ezifweni kuba yinto eza kuqala ngoba amasosha akho omzimba abuthakathiswe ngamabomu:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla noma ukuthinta ubuso bakho
• Gwema izixuku ngesikhathi somkhuhlane nomkhuhlane noma gqoka imaski ezindaweni zomphakathi
• Hlala usesikhathini sokugonywa, kodwa gwema imithi yokugoma ephilayo njengoba ingaba yingozi
• Qeqesha ukuphepha kokudla okuhle ngokugwema ukudla okuluhlaza noma okungaphekiwe ngokwanele
• Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala ihlanzekile futhi ugweme ukuchayeka esikhuntini noma othulini

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kusiza ukugcina amandla akho nokusebenza kwamaphaphu. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa izitho lizokwenza uhlelo lokuzivivinya oliphephile olwakha kancane kancane ukukhuthazela kwakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile amaphaphu akho amasha.

Ukuqhubeka nokuhlangana nethimba lakho lokufakelwa izitho njalo kubalulekile. Lolu hlelo lokuhlangana lunika odokotela ithuba lokubona noma yiziphi izinkinga zisasekuqaleni futhi balungise ukunakekelwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Ziyini izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Izici eziningana zingakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kukusiza wena nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi nithathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela impilo yakho.

Ubudala budlala indima empumelelweni yokufakelwa izitho, nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu. Abamukeli abadala bangase babe nengozi enkulu yezinkinga, kodwa abantu abaningi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 banokufakelwa izitho okuphumelelayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuqapha.

Impilo yakho yonke ngaphambi kokufakelwa izitho ithinta kakhulu umphumela wakho. Abantu abanezinkinga zezitho eziningi, ukungondleki okukhulu, noma amandla emisipha amabi babhekana nezingozi eziphakeme ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Izici eziyingozi ezithile ezidinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba kwangaphambilini okudala izicubu ezinamanxeba futhi okwenza ukuhlinzwa kube nzima kakhulu
• Isifo sikashukela, esinganciphisa ukuphola futhi sandise ingozi yokutheleleka
• Isifo sezinso, njengoba imithi ethile yokulwa nokwenqatshwa ingaqhubeka nokulimaza izinso
• I-Osteoporosis, njengoba imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba inganciphisa amathambo
• Umlando womdlavuza, ongase ubuye ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• Ukungabi nasekela komphakathi, njengoba uzodinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke ngesikhathi sokululama

Impilo yakho yengqondo nayo ithinta impumelelo yokufakelwa. Ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungaphazamisa ukuthobela imithi nokuzinakekela, okuholela ezinkingeni.

Ngemva kokusho lokho, abantu abaningi abanezici eziyingozi basenokufakelwa ngempumelelo. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizosebenza nawe ukunciphisa lezi zingozi futhi lithuthukise amathuba akho okuthola umphumela omuhle.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Izinkinga zokufakelwa kwamaphaphu zingenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma zithuthuke ezinyangeni kuya eminyakeni emva kwalokho. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhathaza, ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingenzeka kukusiza ukuthi ubone izimpawu zokuxwayisa futhi ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Izinkinga zokuhlinzwa ngokushesha zingabandakanya ukopha, ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa, noma izinkinga ngoxhumano phakathi kwamaphaphu akho amasha nemithambo yakho yegazi. Lokhu akuvamile kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zivame ukuba zivamile futhi zidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo yakho:

• Ukwenqatshwa okungamahlala-khona, lapho amasosha omzimba wakho alimaza kancane kancane iphaphu elisha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka ngenxa yemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba
• Ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa iminye iminyango yomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesikhumba
• Izinkinga zezinso ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulwa nokwenqatshwa isikhathi eside
• Isifo samathambo nokuqhekeka ngenxa yemithi ye-steroid
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo sikashukela njengemiphumela emibi yemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba

I-Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome wuhlobo oluthile lokwenqatshwa okungamahlala-khona oluthinta izindlela zomoya ezincane emaphashini akho. Kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula obuqhubekayo futhi kungadinga izinguquko emithini yakho noma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-lymphoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi, iphezulu kubantu abathole ukufakelwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imithi evimbela ukwenqatshwa futhi yenza kube nzima ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwe namaseli omdlavuza.

Naphezu kwalezi zingozi, abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokufakelwa. Ukuqapha njalo nokwelashwa okusheshayo kwezinkinga kungasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wazo empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela ngemuva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Kufanele uthinte ithimba lakho lokufakelwa ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zibonise ukwenqatshwa noma ukutheleleka. Lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko zokuphefumula, njengokwanda kokuphefumula, ukuncipha kokubekezelelana nokuzivocavoca, noma isidingo somoya-mpilo omningi kunokujwayelekile. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zokwenqatshwa noma ukutheleleka.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha zihlanganisa:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C), okungase kubonise ukutheleleka
• Ukhwehlela olusha noma olubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela igazi noma i-sputum enemibala
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina okungathuthuki ngokuphumula
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, amaqakala, noma isisu
• Ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ubuthakathaka obuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke

Ushintsho esimweni sakho sengqondo, njengokudideka, izinguquko ezinkulu zemizwa, noma ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, kungase futhi kubonise izinkinga ezinzima futhi kufanele kuhlolwe ngokushesha.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka yini zodwa. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinkinga kuholela emiphumeleni engcono futhi kungavimbela izinkinga ezincane ukuthi zingabi zinkulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokufakelwa kwamaphaphu

Q.1 Ingabe ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kulungele i-COPD?

Yebo, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kungaba ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-COPD eqinile lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasasebenzi. Abantu abaningi abane-COPD yesigaba sokugcina bathola ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuphefumuleni nasekhwalithi yempilo ngemva kokufakelwa.

Okubalulekile ukuhlela isikhathi - ukufakelwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho i-COPD yakho iqine ngokwanele ukukhawulela kakhulu imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ube buthakathaka kakhulu ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho, amandla okuzivocavoca, nempilo yonke ukuze anqume ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele yini.

Q.2 Ingabe ukwenqatshwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kusho ukwehluleka kokufakelwa?

Cha, ukwenqatshwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukufakelwa kwakho kuhlulekile. Ukuphikiswa okukhulu, okwenzeka kungazelelwe, kuvame ukuphathwa ngempumelelo ngemithi ecindezela amasosha akho omzimba ngokuqinile.

Ukuphikiswa okungapheli kunzima kakhulu ukukwelapha kodwa akusho ngempela ukwehluleka okusheshayo kokufakelwa. Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka ngokuphikiswa okungapheli ngokulungisa imithi yabo nokuqapha ukusebenza kwamaphaphu abo ngokucophelela.

Q.3 Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kuvamile ukuhlala iminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengu-7, nakuba abantu abaningi bephila isikhathi eside ngamaphaphu abo amasha. Abanye abamukeli bajabulela ukusebenza okuhle iminyaka eyi-10, eyi-15, noma engama-20 ngemva kokufakelwa.

Izinto eziningana zithinta ukuthi ukufakelwa kwakho kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, ukuthi ulandela kahle kangakanani imithi yakho, nokuthi ngabe uba nezinkinga ezinjengokwenqatshwa okungapheli.

Q.4 Ungaba nokufakelwa kwamaphaphu okwesibili?

Yebo, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu okwesibili kungenzeka uma ukufakelwa kwakho kokuqala kwehluleka ngenxa yokwenqatshwa okungapheli noma ezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ukufakelwa kabusha kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthwala izingozi eziphakeme kunezokufakelwa kokuqala.

Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi ngabe unempilo eyanele yokuqhubeka nokuhlinzwa okwesibili nokuthi ngabe kungenzeka uzuze kukho. Isinqumo sincike empilweni yakho yonke, iminyaka, nesizathu sokuthi kungani ukufakelwa kwakho kokuqala kwehlulekile.

Q.5 Yimiphi imisebenzi engingayenza ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu?

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo abayithandayo ngemva kokufakelwa kwamaphaphu, nakuba kuzodingeka ukuthi ugweme ezinye izimo eziyingozi. Ukubhukuda, ukuhamba, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, nokuqeqeshwa ngamawala alula kuvamile ukuphepha futhi kuyakhuthazwa.

Kuzodingeka ukuthi ugweme ezemidlalo zokuxhumana ezingalimala isifuba sakho, futhi imisebenzi ekwembula izixuku ezinkulu noma izifo ezingaba khona kufanele isondelwe ngokucophelela. Ithimba lakho lokufakelwa lizohlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile esekelwe ekululameni kwakho nasezintshisweni zakho.